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Multiple Choice Quiz on Endocrine Glands and Hormones General Endocrine Glands
**1. **Which gland is primarily responsible for producing human growth hormone (HGH)?**** - A) Thyroid gland - B) Pituitary gland(anterior pituitary) - C) Adrenal gland **- D) Pancreas
- **What type of hormone is HGH?**** - A) Steroid hormone - B) Peptide hormone - C) Amine hormone **- D) Eicosanoid hormone
- **Which of the following hormones stimulates the liver and other tissues to produce insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)?**** - A) Growth hormone (HGH) - B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - C) Luteinizing hormone (LH) **- D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Functions of HGH and IGFs
- **What is one primary function of human growth hormone (HGH)?**** - A) Regulate blood sugar levels - B) Promote growth and development of tissues - C) Stimulate digestion
**- D) Control stress responses
- What effect do insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) primarily have on the body?
- A) Increase metabolism
- B) Promote cellular growth and development
- C) Regulate electrolyte balance
- D) Stimulate the immune response
- How does HGH affect protein synthesis in muscle cells?
- A) Decreases protein synthesis
- B) Has no effect
- C) Increases protein synthesis
- D) Alters the structure of proteins
Regulation of HGH
- What stimulates the secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)?
- A) High blood sugar levels
- B) Low blood glucose levels
- C) Sleep and exercise
- Which hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH)?
- A) GHRH
- B) Insulin
- C) Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
- D) Cortisol**
#### Hormonal Feedback Mechanisms
**13. **What type of feedback mechanism primarily regulates HGH secretion?**** - A) Positive feedback - B) Negative feedback - C) Synergistic feedback **- D) Permissive feedback
- **Which hormone can have a synergistic effect on HGH by promoting growth?**** - A) Insulin - B) Thyroid hormones - C) Testosterone **- D) All of the above
- **What might happen if there is a deficiency of GHRH?**** - A) Increased secretion of HGH - B) Decreased growth and development - C) Elevated levels of IGFs - D) Enhanced metabolic rate Gonads 16. What are the primary functions of the gonads? o A) Produce hormones and regulate metabolism o B) Produce gametes and secrete hormones o C) Store nutrients and produce enzymes o D) Filter blood and regulate blood pressure 17.What hormones do the ovaries produce? o A) Testosterone and progesterone
o B) Estrogens and inhibin o C) Relaxin and follicle-stimulating hormone o D) Androgens and luteinizing hormone 18.What hormone is produced by the testes? o A) Estrogen o B) Relaxin o C) Testosterone o D) Melatonin 19.Which hormone inhibits the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)? o A) Estrogen o B) Progesterone o C) Inhibin o D) Relaxin 20.What role does relaxin play during pregnancy? o A) Increases testosterone levels o B) Enhances flexibility of the pubic symphysis o C) Promotes breast development o D) Inhibits estrogen production Pineal Gland 21.What hormone does the pineal gland secrete? o A) Estrogen o B) Melatonin o C) Testosterone o D) Thyroid hormone 22.What is the primary function of melatonin? o A) Regulates metabolism o B) Sets the bodyās biological clock o C) Stimulates the immune response o D) Promotes growth
ļ· B) Mitochondria ļ· C) Receptors on target-cell plasma membranes ļ· D) Ribosomes
- What are the primary effects of prostaglandins? ļ· A) Alter smooth muscle contraction and promote inflammation ļ· B) Stimulate red blood cell production ļ· C) Increase appetite ļ· D) Regulate sleep patterns
- Which of the following functions do leukotrienes have? ļ· A) Stimulate platelet function ļ· B) Mediate inflammation and attract white blood cells ļ· C) Promote muscle growth ļ· D) Regulate hormone levels
Basic Concepts
- What is required for a target cell to respond to a hormone?
- A) The hormone must be in excess
- B) The target cell must have specific receptors for the hormone
- C) The hormone must be lipid-soluble
- D) The target cell must be actively dividing
- What happens during down-regulation?
- A) Increase in receptor sensitivity
- B) Decrease in the number of receptors
- C) Increase in hormone production
- D) Decrease in hormone secretion
- Which type of hormones are lipid-soluble?
- A) Amine hormones
- B) Peptide hormones
- C) Steroid hormones
- D) Protein hormones
- Which hormones are considered water-soluble?
- A) Thyroid hormones(lipid soluble )
- B) Steroid hormones(lipid soluble)
- C) Eicosanoid hormones
- D) Both B and C
Target Cell Responses
- Which of the following is NOT a response of target cells to hormones?
- A) Synthesis of molecules
- B) Alteration of cell membrane permeability
- C) Growth of muscle mass
- D) Contraction of smooth or cardiac muscle
- What factors influence the responsiveness of target cells?
- A) Temperature and pressure
- B) Hormone concentration, receptor abundance, and other hormones
- C) Age and gender
- D) Nutritional status
Hormone Transport
- A) It is a transport protein
- B) It acts as a second messenger
- C) It degrades hormones
- D) It synthesizes hormones
Hormonal Interactions
- What is an example of a permissive effect of hormones?
- A) Insulin and glucagon
- B) Epinephrine and thyroid hormones
- C) Estrogens and progesterone
- D) Cortisol and aldosterone
- What occurs when two hormones have a synergistic effect?
- A) Their combined effect is less than the sum of their individual effects
- B) One hormone increases the effect of the other
- C) They work independently with no interaction
- D) They inhibit each otherās actions
- Which of the following pairs of hormones have antagonistic effects?
- A) Insulin and glucagon
- B) Estrogens and progesterone
- C) Thyroid hormones and growth hormone
- D) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Control of Hormone Secretion
- How is hormone secretion primarily regulated?
- A) By temperature changes
- B) Through signals from the nervous system, blood chemical changes, and other hormones
- C) By dietary intake
- D) By external environmental factors
- Correct Answer: B
- What typically characterizes the release pattern of most hormones?
- A) Continuous secretion throughout the day
- B) Occasional bursts of secretion
- C) Secretion only during the night
- D) Secretion only during exercise
- Correct Answer: B
- What is an example of chemical changes in the blood regulating hormone secretion?
- A) Stress levels affecting cortisol
- B) Blood CaĀ²āŗ levels regulating parathyroid hormone
- C) Blood glucose levels affecting insulin
- D) All of the above
- Correct Answer: D
Quiz on Parathyroid Glands
- Where are the parathyroid glands located?** A) In the anterior surface of the thyroid gland B) On the posterior surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland C) In the pancreas D) In the adrenal glands
5. B
Revised Quiz on Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
1. What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? A) To regulate blood glucose levels B) To stimulate red blood cell production C) To regulate levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate in the blood D) To decrease blood pressure 2. Which cells are stimulated by PTH to increase bone resorption? A) Osteoblasts B) Chondrocytes C) Osteoclasts D) Fibroblasts **3. How does PTH affect urinary loss of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+)? ** A) Increases their urinary loss B) Has no effect on their urinary loss C) Decreases their urinary loss D) Promotes their reabsorption into bone 4. What is one of the effects of PTH on the kidneys? A) Decreases phosphate (HPO42ā) loss in urine B) Increases calcitriol production C) Inhibits the formation of urine D) Promotes the loss of calcium 5. What hormone is released in response to higher-than-normal blood calcium levels?
A) Calcitriol B) Insulin C) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) D) Calcitonin 6. What effect does calcitonin have on osteoclast activity? A) Promotes the formation of osteoblasts B) Inhibits osteoclast activity C) Stimulates osteoclast activity D) Has no effect on osteoclasts 7. How does calcitriol influence calcium levels in the blood? A) Increases absorption of calcium from food B) Decreases calcium release from bones C) Decreases absorption of calcium from food D) Has no effect on calcium levels
Quiz on Hormones and Hormone Action
1. How do hormones affect specific target cells? A) By circulating freely in the blood B) By chemically binding to specific protein receptors C) By changing the blood's pH D) By directly altering DNA in all cells 2. What is down-regulation in the context of hormone receptors? A) An increase in hormone production B) A decrease in the number of receptors due to excess hormone C) The breakdown of hormones in the liver D) The stimulation of more receptor production
C) Luteinizing hormone and testosterone D) Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin 8. What type of feedback mechanism primarily regulates hormone secretion? A) Positive feedback B) Negative feedback C) Direct feedback D) Inhibitory feedback 9. What is the role of a permissive hormone? A) It decreases the action of another hormone B) It is produced in response to another hormone C) It enhances the effects of another hormone D) It inhibits hormone receptor synthesis 10. Which hormone is released during childbirth to stimulate uterine contractions? A) Parathyroid hormone B) Estrogen C) Oxytocin D) Progesterone
Answers:
- B
- B
- C
- C
- B
- B
- B
8. B
9. C
10. C
Quiz on Hormones and Their Functions
1. What determines a target cell's response to a hormone? A) The target cell's size B) The hormone's concentration, receptor abundance, and other hormones' influences C) The type of tissue in which the target cell resides D) The age of the target cell **2. What happens to hormone receptors when there is a deficiency of a hormone? ** A) They are destroyed B) The number of receptors increases (up-regulation) C) They become inactive D) Their affinity decreases 3. Which type of hormone is NOT classified as water-soluble? A) Insulin B) Thyroid hormones C) Peptide hormones D) Amine hormones 4. What is the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the action of water-soluble hormones? A) It binds to the hormone B) It serves as a second messenger to activate enzymes C) It deactivates the hormone
C) Arachidonic acid D) Nucleotides 10. Which hormone stimulates the synthesis of glycogen in liver cells? A) Glucagon B) Cortisol C) Insulin D) Epinephrine
Answers:
- B
- B
- B
- B
- B
- C
- C
- B
- C
- C
1. What shape do the adrenal glands have?
- A) Circular
- B) Triangular
- C) Flattened pyramidal
- D) Oval
**2. What percentage of the adrenal gland does the adrenal cortex comprise?
**
- B) 70-80%
- C) 80-90%
- D) 90-100%
3. Which of the following is the function of mineralocorticoids?
- A) Regulate sodium and potassium homeostasis
- B) Control blood glucose levels
- C) Stimulate the fight-or-flight response
- D) Promote protein synthesis
**4. Which hormone is the major mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal
cortex?**
- A) Cortisol
- B) Aldosterone
- C) Epinephrine
- D) ACTH
5. What activates the renināangiotensināaldosterone pathway?
- A) Increased blood pressure
- B) Increased potassium levels
- C) Dehydration, Na+ deficiency, or hemorrhage
- D) Elevated cortisol levels
6. Which enzyme converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II?
- A) Renin
- B) Aldosterone
- C) ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme)
- D) ACTH
