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This multiple choice quiz covers key concepts related to endocrine glands and hormones, focusing on the functions of human growth hormone (hgh), insulin-like growth factors (igfs), and the regulation of hgh secretion. It also explores the roles of gonads, the pineal gland, the thymus, and eicosanoids in the endocrine system. The quiz includes questions about hormone transport, mechanisms of action, and hormonal interactions. It is a valuable resource for students studying human biology, physiology, or endocrinology.
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Multiple Choice Quiz on Endocrine Glands and Hormones General Endocrine Glands
**1. **Which gland is primarily responsible for producing human growth hormone (HGH)?**** - A) Thyroid gland - B) Pituitary gland(anterior pituitary) - C) Adrenal gland **- D) Pancreas
**- D) Control stress responses
#### Hormonal Feedback Mechanisms
**13. **What type of feedback mechanism primarily regulates HGH secretion?**** - A) Positive feedback - B) Negative feedback - C) Synergistic feedback **- D) Permissive feedback
o B) Estrogens and inhibin o C) Relaxin and follicle-stimulating hormone o D) Androgens and luteinizing hormone 18.What hormone is produced by the testes? o A) Estrogen o B) Relaxin o C) Testosterone o D) Melatonin 19.Which hormone inhibits the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)? o A) Estrogen o B) Progesterone o C) Inhibin o D) Relaxin 20.What role does relaxin play during pregnancy? o A) Increases testosterone levels o B) Enhances flexibility of the pubic symphysis o C) Promotes breast development o D) Inhibits estrogen production Pineal Gland 21.What hormone does the pineal gland secrete? o A) Estrogen o B) Melatonin o C) Testosterone o D) Thyroid hormone 22.What is the primary function of melatonin? o A) Regulates metabolism o B) Sets the bodyās biological clock o C) Stimulates the immune response o D) Promotes growth
ļ· B) Mitochondria ļ· C) Receptors on target-cell plasma membranes ļ· D) Ribosomes
1. What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? A) To regulate blood glucose levels B) To stimulate red blood cell production C) To regulate levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate in the blood D) To decrease blood pressure 2. Which cells are stimulated by PTH to increase bone resorption? A) Osteoblasts B) Chondrocytes C) Osteoclasts D) Fibroblasts **3. How does PTH affect urinary loss of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+)? ** A) Increases their urinary loss B) Has no effect on their urinary loss C) Decreases their urinary loss D) Promotes their reabsorption into bone 4. What is one of the effects of PTH on the kidneys? A) Decreases phosphate (HPO42ā) loss in urine B) Increases calcitriol production C) Inhibits the formation of urine D) Promotes the loss of calcium 5. What hormone is released in response to higher-than-normal blood calcium levels?
A) Calcitriol B) Insulin C) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) D) Calcitonin 6. What effect does calcitonin have on osteoclast activity? A) Promotes the formation of osteoblasts B) Inhibits osteoclast activity C) Stimulates osteoclast activity D) Has no effect on osteoclasts 7. How does calcitriol influence calcium levels in the blood? A) Increases absorption of calcium from food B) Decreases calcium release from bones C) Decreases absorption of calcium from food D) Has no effect on calcium levels
1. How do hormones affect specific target cells? A) By circulating freely in the blood B) By chemically binding to specific protein receptors C) By changing the blood's pH D) By directly altering DNA in all cells 2. What is down-regulation in the context of hormone receptors? A) An increase in hormone production B) A decrease in the number of receptors due to excess hormone C) The breakdown of hormones in the liver D) The stimulation of more receptor production
C) Luteinizing hormone and testosterone D) Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin 8. What type of feedback mechanism primarily regulates hormone secretion? A) Positive feedback B) Negative feedback C) Direct feedback D) Inhibitory feedback 9. What is the role of a permissive hormone? A) It decreases the action of another hormone B) It is produced in response to another hormone C) It enhances the effects of another hormone D) It inhibits hormone receptor synthesis 10. Which hormone is released during childbirth to stimulate uterine contractions? A) Parathyroid hormone B) Estrogen C) Oxytocin D) Progesterone
1. What determines a target cell's response to a hormone? A) The target cell's size B) The hormone's concentration, receptor abundance, and other hormones' influences C) The type of tissue in which the target cell resides D) The age of the target cell **2. What happens to hormone receptors when there is a deficiency of a hormone? ** A) They are destroyed B) The number of receptors increases (up-regulation) C) They become inactive D) Their affinity decreases 3. Which type of hormone is NOT classified as water-soluble? A) Insulin B) Thyroid hormones C) Peptide hormones D) Amine hormones 4. What is the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the action of water-soluble hormones? A) It binds to the hormone B) It serves as a second messenger to activate enzymes C) It deactivates the hormone
C) Arachidonic acid D) Nucleotides 10. Which hormone stimulates the synthesis of glycogen in liver cells? A) Glucagon B) Cortisol C) Insulin D) Epinephrine
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