MURPHY 301 Exam 2025 | Introduction to Biochemistry Exam | Updated Questions and Answers, Exams of Biochemistry

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MURPHY 301 Exam 2025 | Introduction to Biochemistry

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Which of the following is not a phase of the information processing mechanism? A) Reception B) Transduction C) Response D) Transformation E) Both A and C are correct ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Transformation Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system? A) Plasma membrane B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) Lysosomes E) Ribosomes ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Ribosomes The carbohydrate coat of a cell is called the:

A) Extracellular matrix B) Glycocalyx C) Cell cortex D) Fibroblast E) Both A and C are correct ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Glycocalyx The perinuclear space is: A) The space between the nucleus and the cytoplasm B) The space between the membranes of the nuclear envelope C) The space between the nucleus and the nucleous D) The space between DNA and histones E) Both A and B are correct ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The space between the membranes of the nuclear envelope Which of the following organelles are involved in autophagy? A) Mitochondria B) Lysosomes C) Chloroplasts D) Golgi apparatus E) Both B and C are correct ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Lysosomes

B) Two C) Three D) Four E) Five ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Two Which of the following are microbiota A) Bacteria B) Fungi C) Archea D) A and B E) A, B and C ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A, B and C During exocytosis membrane-bound vesicles migrate from the Golgi apparatus to the __________. A) Lysosome B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) Cell wall D) Plasma membrane E) More than one answer is correct ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Plasma Membrane

Notable features of eukaryotes include all of the following except ________. A) Rapid cell division B) Larger size C) A complex internal structure D) An endomembrane system E) Organelles ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Rapid cell division Gram-negative bacteria lack _________. A) Cell walls B) Peptidoglycans in the cell wall C) An outer coat of lipid bound proteins D) DNA E) Carbohydrate containing polymers in the cell wall ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------Carbohydrate containing polymers in the cell wall The plasma membrane _________. A) Provides support B) Is present only in eukaryotes C) Controls the flow of substances in and out of the cell

A) Sodium chloride B) Glucose C) Amino acids D) Fats E) A and B ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Fats The basic structure of biological membranes is provided by what class of compounds? A) Proteins B) Lipids C) Carbohydrates D) Steroids E) Peptidoglycans ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Lipids Which of the following is not true of the nucleus? A) It is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes B) It contains the cell's "genetic blueprint" C) It exerts a profound influence over all cellular metabolic functions D) It contains chromatin fibers

E) It is bounded by membrane ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------It is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes Which of the following statements is not true of the endoplasmic reticulum? A) It often constitutes more than half of the cell's total membrane B) It exists in two forms: rough and smooth C) Rough ER is responsible for protein synthesis D) Smooth ER is responsible for lipid synthesis E) Rough ER ribosomes are responsible for biotransformation ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Rough ER ribosomes are responsible for biotransformation Which of the following is not true of eukaryotic ribosomes? A) They are macromolecular machines B) They function in the biosynthesis of proteins C) They contain ribosomal RNA D) They consist of two unequally sized subunits E) They are attached to the smooth ER ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------They are attached to the smooth ER Which of the following statements is not true of the Golgi apparatus?

E) Carbohydrate oxidation ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Generation and destruction of peroxides Biological machines are derived from which class of compounds A) Fats B) Proteins C) Carbohydrates D) Ribosomes E) B and C ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Proteins Which of the following organelles is involved in aerobic metabolism? A) Mitochondria B) Peroxisomes C) Glyoxysomes D) Ribosomes E) Lysosomes ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Mitochondria Respiratory assemblies are responsible for the synthesis of ___________. A) ATP

B) NADH

C) GTP

D) Hydrogen peroxide E) ADP ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ATP The two membranes of the mitochondria create two separate compartments called the intermembrane space and the __________. A) Cristae B) Matrix C) Lumen D) Cisternae E) Vesicle ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Matrix Which of the following statements is not true of the mitochondrial matrix? A) It contains enzymes responsible for nucleotide metabolism B) It contains circular DNA molecules C) It contains all of the necessary compounds for protein synthesis D) It has a gel-like consistency E) It has a high concentration of enzymes and ions ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------It contains enzymes responsible for nucleotide metabolism

All amino acids have a chiral α-carbon EXCEPT ________. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------glycine Which of the following statements regarding Anfinsen's denaturing experiments with ribonuclease A are valid?

1. Exposing the denatured protein to air oxidation and then dialysis to remove urea restored the protein to its original functionality.
2. Removing urea by dialysis and then allowing air oxidation of the denatured protein restored the protein to its original functionality.
3. Denaturing the protein with both urea and β-mercaptoethanol yielded an inactive protein.
4. Protein folding is determined by its primary sequence. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Only statements 2, 3, and 4 are valid. Which of the following statements about protein quaternary structure are correct?
5. It involves a complex of two or more proteins interacting with each other.

2. The subunits of the structure can be either identical or different.
3. The interactions between subunits can give rise to indefinite growth of polymeric complexes.
4. Most assemblies of protein subunits have one or more defined axis of rotation. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------All statements are correct. In general, enzymes are what kinds of molecules? proteins minerals carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------proteins The basic building blocks of proteins are _______ ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------amino acids All amino acids are composed what three things attached to it? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------central α-carbon that has an amine group a carboxylic acid group and an R group

Which is not a common component of biomolecules? A. Carbon B. Hydrogen C. Oxygen D. Nitrogen E. Chlorine ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Chlorine Which is a basic structural unit of living organisms? A. Nucleus B. Cell membrane C. Tissue D. Cell E. Cytoskeleton ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Cell Which of the following is not an organelle? A. Mitochondria B. Chloroplast C. Nucleus D. Plasma Membrane E. Golgi Complex ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Plasma Membrane

Which of the following is not a role played by carbohydrates in living cells? A. Energy source B. Structural support C. Intercellular communication D. Both A and B E. All roles are played ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------All roles are played by carbohydrates in living cells Metabolism is best defined as the... A. Reactions of living cells B. Reactions that synthesize large molecules in living cells C. Reactions that degrade molecules in living cells D. Conversion of food molecules to energy E. Reactions that synthesize and degrade molecules in living cells ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------E. Reactions that synthesize and degrade molecules in living cells The average life span of a species is about ________years A) One million B) Ten million C) Five hundred thousand

A) Substitution reactions B) Dehydration reactions C) Oxidation/reduction reactions D) Hydration reactions E) Addition reactions ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. Oxidation/reduction reactions The following is an example of which reaction class? CH3Br + HSCH2CH(NH2)COOH ---> CH3SCH2CH(NH2)COOH + Br- + H+ A) Substitution B) Elimination C) Addition D) Isomerization E) Oxidation/Reduction ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Substitution The following is an example of which reaction class HOOCCH=CHCOOH + H2O ---> HOOCCH2CH(OH)COOH

A) Substitution B) Elimination C) Addition D) Isomerization E) Oxidation/Reduction ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Addition The following is an example of which reaction class? CH3CH2OH ---> CH3CHO + H2O A) Substitution B) Elimination C) Addition D) Isomerization E) Oxidation/Reduction ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Oxidation/Reduction Which of the following is not a component of nucleic acid? A) Nucleotides B) Glucose C) Phosphate group D) Purines