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Table 1 : Back Musculature
Muscle Nerve Supply Blood Supply Proximal
Attachment(s)
Distal Attachment(s) Action(s)
(PM/AM)
Trapezius Cranial Accessory Nerve
CXI; C3/
Transverse Cervical A.; Med 1/3 of Sup Nuchal Line External Occipital Protuberance Nuchal Ligament Spinous Processes C7 – T Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle Medial Acromion Spine of Scap UT – elevate MT – retract LT – Depress UT/LT – superior glen. rot.
Latissimus Dorsi Thoracodorsal N.
( C6, C7, C8)
Thoracodorsal A. Spinous Processes T7 – T Thoracolumbar Fascia Iliac Crest Inferior 3-4 Ribs Floor of Bicipital Groove Extends, Adducts Internally/Medially Rotates
Serratus Posterior
Superior
T1-T4 Intercostal N. Highest intercostals, posterior intercostals Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 to T Superior border ribs 2 to 5 distal to angle Elevates ribs; Inspiration
Serratus Posterior
Inferior
T9 to T12 Intercostal N. Posterior intercostals Spinous processes T11/12 and L1/2 Inferior border lower four ribs distal to angle Fixes and depresses the lower ribs, acts in expiration
Iliocostalis
(Lumborum,
Thoracis, Cervicis)
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental) Muscular branches of vertebral, deep cervical, intercostals and lumbar arteries Sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of T11/12 and lumbar vertebrae Angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes Extends and laterally flexes/rotates vertebral column
Longissimus
(Thoracis, Cervicis)
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental) Muscular branches of vertebral, deep cervical, intercostals and lumbar arteries Sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of T11/12 and lumbar vertebrae Transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions and mastoid process Extends and laterally flexes/rotates vertebral column
Spinalis (Thoracis,
Cervicis)
Posterior rami of spinal nerves (segmental) Muscular branches of vertebral, deep cervical, intercostals and lumbar arteries Sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of T11/12 and lumbar vertebrae Spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae to skull Extends and laterally flexes/rotates vertebral column
Table 2: Pectoral Musculature
Muscle Nerve Supply Blood Supply Proximal
Attachment(s)
Distal Attachment(s) Action(s)
Subclavius Subclavian N.^ Subclavian A.^ Junction of first rib and its costal
cartilage Groove on inferior surface of middle third of clavicle Depresses clavicle down and forward
Pectoralis Major Lateral and Medial
pectoral Nn.; clavicular head C5/6; sternocostal head C7/8 and T Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk Clavicular: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle Sternocostal: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle Lateral lip of bicipital groove Adduct and medially rotate; Draws scapula ant and inf; Clavicular: flexion; Sternocostal: extension
Pectoralis Minor Medial pectoral N.;
clavicular head C8/T Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk 3 rd^ to 5th^ ribs near their costal cartilages Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
External Intercostals Intercostals N.^ Aorta, post intercostals and
collaterals, costocervical trunk, ant intercostals of internal thoracic and musculophrenic Aa. Inferior border of rib, rib tubercle to external intercostals membrane Superior border of ribs Maintain intercostals spaces during inspiration and expiration, depress ribs in forced expiration
Innermost Intercostals Intercostal Nn.^ Posterior Intercostals and
their collaterals Mid-portion of inferior border of rib Mid portion of superior border of lib below Assist in inspiration and expiration by elevating and depressing ribs
Internal Intercostals Intercostal Nn.^ Ant intercostals, post
intercostals, musculophrenic and costocervical Aa. Superior surface of costal cartilages and ribs, sternum to angle of ribs to internal intercostals membrane Costal cartilage and rib above Maintain intercostals spaces during inspiration and expiration, depress ribs in forced expiration
Transverse Thoracis Upper 6 intercostal Nn.^ Anterior intercostals,
internal thoracic A. Posterior sternal surface and xiphoid process Inner surfaces of costal cartilages of ribs 2 to 6 Depress costal cartilages, muscle of expiration
Table 4: Shoulder Girdle Musculature
Muscle Nerve Supply Blood Supply Proximal
Attachment(s)
Distal Attachment(s) Action(s)
Levator Scapulae Dorsal Scapular – C5;
C3/
Dorsal Scapular Artery Posterior Tubercles of Transverse Processes of C1 – C Superior Part of Medial Border of Scapula Elevates scapula and tilts glenoid inferiorly
Rhomboid Major Dorsal Scapular N
C4/
Dorsal Scapular A. Spinous Processes T5 - T12 Medial Border of Scapula inferior to spine Retract Scapula and rotate the glenoid inferiorly
Rhomboid Minor Dorsal Scapular N
C4/
Dorsal Scapular A. Nuchal Lig. And Spinous Processes of C7 and T Medial Border of Scapula at the base of the spine Retract and Stabilize Scapula
Serratus Anterior Long Thoracic N.^ Scapular anastomosis^ Lateral surface of 8 upper ribs^ Anterior aspect of medial border
of scapula Rotates, protracts and holds scapula against thoracic wall
Deltoid Axillary N.
C5/
Deltoid Branch of Thoracoacromial A. Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle Acromion Spine of Scapula Deltoid Tuberosity Ant: flexes and medially rot. Mid: abducts humerus Post: extends and lat rot.
Suprapinatus Suprascapular N.
C4/5/
Suprascapular A. Supraspinous fossa Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus Initiates humeral abduction Stabilizes
Infraspinatus Suprascapular N.
C5/
Suprascapular and Circumflex Scapular Aa. Infraspinous fossa Middle facet on greater tuberosity of humerus Externally (Laterally) rotate humerus Stabilize
Teres Minor Axillary N.
C5/
Subscapular and Circumflex Scapular Aa. Superior part of lateral border of scapula Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus Externally rotate humerus Stabilize
Teres Major Lower Subscapular N.
C6/
Subscapular and Circumflex Scapular Aa. Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula Medial lip of bicipital groove Adduct and medially rotate
Subscapularis Upper and lower
Subscapular N. C6/ Subscapular A. Subscapular fossa Lesser tuberosity of humerus Medially rotate Adduct Stabilize
Table 5: Brachium Musculature
Muscle Nerve Supply Blood Supply Proximal
Attachment(s)
Distal Attachment(s) Action(s)
Coracobrachialis Musculocutaneous N.
C5/6/
Muscular branches of brachial A. Tip of coracoid process Medial third of medial surface of humerus Assists flex and adduct arm
Biceps brachii Musculocutaneous N.
C5/
Muscular branches of brachial A. Short: tip of coracoid process Long: supraglenoid tubercle Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis Supinates forearm and flexes supinated forearm
Brachialis Musculocutaneous N.^ Muscular branches of
brachial A. and recurrent radial A. Distal half of anterior surface of humerus Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna Major forearm flexor – flexes in all positions
Triceps brachii Radial N.
C6/7/
Branches of deep brachial A. Long: infraglenoid tubercle Lateral: posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove Medial: posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove Proximal end of olecranon process and fascia of forearm Chief extensor of forearm, long head stabilizes head of abducted humerus
Anconeus Radial N.
C7/8 and T Middle collateral branch of deep brachial A. Recurrent interosseous A. Lateral epicondyle Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna Assists in extension, stabilizes, abducts ulna during pronation
Pronator quadratus Anterior interosseous N.
from median N. C8/T Anterior interosseous A. Distal ¼ of anterior surface of ulna Distal ¼ of anterior surface of radius Pronates forearm Deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
Table 7: Antebrachial Extensor Musculature
Muscle Nerve Supply Blood Supply Proximal Attachment(s) Distal Attachment(s) Action(s)
Brachioradialis Radial N.
C5/6/
Radial recurrent A. Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge Lateral surface of distal end of radius Elbow flexion
Extensor carpi
radialis longus
Radial N. C6/ Radial A. Lateral supracondylar ridge Base of 2nd^ metacarpal Extend and abduct (radially deviate)
Extensor carpi
radialis brevis
Deep branch of radial N. Radial A. Lateral epicondyle Base of 3rd^ metacarpal Extend and abduct (radially deviate)
Extensor digitorum Posterior interosseous N.
C7/8, the continuation of deep branch of radial N. Interosseous recurrent and posterior recurrent A. Lateral epicondyle Extensor expansions of medial 4 digits Extends medial 4 digits at MCP Extends wrist
Extensor digiti
minimi
Posterior interosseous N. C7/8, the continuation of deep branch of radial N. Interosseous recurrent A. Lateral epicondyle Extensor expansion of 5th^ digit Extends 5th^ digit at MCP and all IP joints
Extensor carpi
ulnaris
Posterior interosseous N. C7/8, the continuation of deep branch of radial N. Ulnar A. Lateral Epicondyle and posterior border of ulna Base of 5th^ metacarpal Extends and adducts (ulnar deviation)
Supinator Deep branch of radial N.
C5/
Recurrent interosseous A. Lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa and crest of ulna Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius Supinates
Abductor pollicis
longus
Posterior interosseous N. C7/8, the continuation of deep branch of radial N. Posterior interosseous A. Posterior surfaces of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane Base of 1st^ metacarpal Abducts thumb and extends at CMC
Extensor pollicis
brevis
Posterior interosseous N. C7/8, the continuation of deep branch of radial N. Posterior interosseous A. Posterior surfaces of radius and interosseous membrane Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at CMC
Extensor pollicis
longus
Posterior interosseous N C7/8; Continuation of deep branch of radial N. Posterior interosseous A. Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane Base of distal phalanx of thumb Extends distal phalanx of thumb at CMC and IP
Extensor indicis Posterior interosseous N.
C7/8, the continuation of deep branch of radial N. Posterior interosseous A. Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Extensor expansion of 2nd^ digit Extends 2nd^ digit and helps to extend hand
Table 8: Hand & Wrist Musculature
Muscle Nerve Supply Blood Supply Proximal
Attachment(s)
Distal Attachment(s) Action(s)
Abductor pollicis
brevis
Recurrent branch of median N. C8/T Superficial palmar branch of radial A. Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid and trapezium Lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb Abducts and assists opposition of the thumb
Flexor pollicis brevis Recurrent branch of
median N. C8/T Superficial palmar branch of radial A. Flexor retinaculum and trapezium Lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb
Opponens pollicis Recurrent branch of
median N. C8/T Superficial palmar branch of radial A. Flexor retinaculum and trapezium Lateral side of metacarpal 1 Draws metacarpal 1 forward and medially
Adductor pollicis Deep branch of ulnar N.
C8/T
Deep palmar arch Oblique head – bases of metacarpals 2 and 3; capitate and trapezoid; transverse head – anterior surface of metacarpal 3 Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Adducts and flexes thumb
Palmaris brevis Superficial palmar branch
of ulnar N. C Superficial palmar arch Palmar aponeurosis Skin on ulnar border of palm Deepens the hollow of the hand
Abductor digiti
minimi
Deep branch of ulnar N. C8/T Deep palmar branch of ulnar A. Pisiform, tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger Abducts the little finger
Flexor digiti minimi
brevis
Deep branch of ulnar N. C8/T Deep palmar branch of ulnar A. Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger Flexes the proximal phalanx of the little finger
Opponens digiti
minimi
Deep branch of ulnar N. C8/T Deep palmar branch of ulnar A. Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate Medial border of metacarpal V Draws metacarpal 5 forward to face the thumb
Table 10: Gluteal Musculature
Muscle Nerve Supply Blood Supply Proximal
Attachment(s)
Distal Attachment(s) Action(s)
Tensor fascia lata
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris
Table 11: Posterior Thigh Musculature
Muscle Nerve Supply Blood Supply Proximal
Attachment(s)
Distal Attachment(s) Action(s)
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Table 12: Adductor Thigh Musculature
Muscle Nerve Supply Blood Supply Proximal
Attachment(s)
Distal Attachment(s) Action(s)
Adductor longus
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Table 14: Posterior Leg Musculature
Muscle Nerve Supply Blood Supply Proximal
Attachment(s)
Distal Attachment(s) Action(s)
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Popliteus
Flexor digitorum
longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Table 15: Anterolateral Leg Musculature
Muscle Nerve Supply Blood Supply Proximal
Attachment(s)
Distal Attachment(s) Action(s)
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis
longus
Extensor digitorum
longus
Peroneus tertius
Table 16: Foot Musculature
Dorsal Interossei (4)
Extensor hallucis
brevis
Extensor digitorum
brevis
