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Muscle Development: Understanding Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle, Summaries of Animal Anatomy and Physiology

A summary of muscle development, focusing on the structural features and organization of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It covers the types of muscle fibers, the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments, and the presence of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle. The document also includes information on the location and appearance of these muscle types in various tissues and organs.

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

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Muscle Tissue
Lab 9 Muscle Tissue
IUSM 2016
I. Introduction
II.Learning Objectives
III. Keywords
IV. Slides
A. Types of Muscle
1. Striated
a. Skeletal
b. Cardiac
2. Smooth
B. Muscle Development (Skeletal)
V. Summary
SEM of partly unraveled skeletal muscle cell exposing the densely packed myofibrils within.
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Muscle Tissue

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary SEM of partly unraveled skeletal muscle cell exposing the densely packed myofibrils within.

Muscle Tissue

1. Muscle is a highly cellular and vascular tissue

specialized for contraction via the interaction of

myofilaments (between thin and thick filaments );

it is responsible for movement of the body and for

changes in the size and shape of internal organs.

2. There are three basic types of muscle tissue

( skeletal , smooth , and cardiac ) classified according

to appearance of their contractile cells and location.

3. Striated muscle is formed during development by the

fusion of small individual muscle cells called

myoblasts into larger, multinucleated myotubes.

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary

Keywords

A-band

Cardiac muscle

Endomysium

Epimysium

Fascicles

I-band

Intercalated disc

Muscle fiber

Myoblast

Myocardium

Myocytes

Myofibrils

Myotube

Perimysium

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Satellite cell

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Striated muscle

Striations

T tubule

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary

Slide 7: Larynx, Trichrome

look here to see

skeletal muscle in

longitudinal-section

look here to see

skeletal muscle in

cross-section

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary

skeletal muscle

surface of tongue;

what specific type

of tissue is this?

Slide 70: Tongue, H&E

skeletal muscle (or visceral striated muscle, as seen in the tongue) is generally responsible for voluntary

movement within the body, mainly of the skeleton but also other structures such as the eyes and upper

esophagus for swallowing; it is composed of long multinucleated cells called muscle fibers which generally

extend the entire length of a muscle from tendon to tendon (up to 2ft long in the sartorius muscle in the thigh)

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary Slide 70: Tongue, H&E

skeletal muscle

in longitudinal-section

skeletal muscle

in cross-section

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary Slide 8: Tongue, Trichrome

skeletal muscle

in longitudinal-section

skeletal muscle

in longitudinal-section

skeletal muscle fiber

in cross-section

fibroblast of the

endomysium CT

nucleus of a muscle fiber

displaced to the periphery,

directly under the sarcolemma

numerous capillaries can be seen in the

endomysium between the muscle fibers

using the know size of an RBC, estimate

the diameter of an adjacent muscle fiber

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary Slide 17 (464): Skeletal Muscle, H&E

cross-striations (fine lines) are the alternating dark and light bands formed by the arrangement of the

myofilaments of the sarcomere (best seen in electron micrographs); the dark bands are the A-bands

(overlapping actin and myosin filaments) and the light bands are the I-bands (actin filaments); the visible

striations are the reason both skeletal and cardiac muscle are classified as striated muscle

nuclei of skeletal muscle

fibers are displaced to the

periphery of the cells directly

beneath the sarcolemma

a few nuclei of fibroblasts,

forming the endomysium

or perimysium, may be

seen but can be difficult to

identify; the nuclei of

endothelial cells of

capillaries can also be seen

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary Slide 139: Heart, H&E

intercalated discs are highly specialized cell-to-cell adhesion junctions found in cardiac muscle; they

physically bind cells together to create long muscle fibers, so the force of contraction is transmitted between

the cells; they also promote the spread of action potentials from cell to cell via gap junctions

intercalated disc

(thick, dark lines)

“branching” of fibers

is characteristic of

cardiac muscle

cross-striations

(thin, faint lines)

round, centralized

nucleus of cardiac

muscle is distinct from

the multinucleated

peripheral, elongated

what is this nuclei of skeletal muscle

“wear and tear”

pigment found

near the nuclei

in cardiac fibers?

myofibrils

(parallel to fiber direction)

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary Slide 66: Esophagus, H&E

look in the inner layer to

see smooth muscle in

longitudinal-section

lumen

look in the outer layer to

see smooth muscle in

cross-section

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary Slide 66: Esophagus, H&E

skeletal muscle

fiber

(cross-section)

smooth muscle

fiber

(cross-section)

the upper 1/3 of the esophagus is under voluntary control so has skeletal muscle ( voluntary muscle ); the

lower 2/3 is under involuntary control so has smooth muscle ( visceral muscle ); on this slide, from the

middle portion of the esophagus, the transition between the two muscle types can be seen

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary Slide 66: Esophagus, H&E

unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle makes its own surrounding CT, so fibroblasts are much more rare;

however, scattered throughout the tissue, the nuclei of endothelial cells (simple squamous epithelium)

may be seen lining capillaries

cross-section

longitudinal

capillary

capillary

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary Slide 159: Fetal Mouse Head

look in the oral cavity at the

tongue to see developing

skeletal muscle

vertebrae

endochondral

ossification

developing brain

cartilaginous

nasal septum

newly-forming woven

bone of the mandible

Slide Overview

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Muscle

  1. Striated a. Skeletal b. Cardiac
  2. Smooth B. Muscle Development (Skeletal) V. Summary Slide 159: Fetal Mouse Head

during embryonic development, mesenchymal myoblast cells fuse to form multinucleated myotubes ,

which will later further differentiate to form mature, striated skeletal muscle fibers

myotubes

myoblasts are the

skeletal muscle

precursor cells found

interspersed amongst

the myotubes