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Anatomy of Muscles: Types, Structures, and Functions, Lecture notes of Human Biology

An overview of different muscle types (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth), their structures, similarities, and functions. It covers cell structure, body location, stimulation to contract, and terms related to each type. Skeletal muscles are striated, voluntary, and attach to the skeleton, while smooth muscles are non-striated, involuntary, and located in the walls of visceral organs. Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart and are striated and involuntary.

What you will learn

  • What is the role of cardiac muscles in the body?
  • How do skeletal muscles differ from smooth muscles?
  • What are the three main types of muscles?

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

gangesha
gangesha 🇺🇸

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Muscles:
I. Types
a. Skeletal
b. Cardiac
c. Smooth
II. Differ in
a. Cell structure
b. Body location
c. How they are stimulated to contract
III. Similarities
a. Elongated
i. Reason they are called muscle fibers
b. shorten and contract
c. terminology
i. myo and mys mean muscle
ii. sarco means flesh
IV. Skeletal muscle (terms to remember skeletal, striated
and voluntary)
a. Fibers packed together to make skeletal muscle
b. Attach to the skeleton
c. Cover bones to make contours smooth
d. Fibers are
i. Cigar shaped
ii. Multinucleate
iii. Some up to 1 foot in length
iv. So large they can be seen with the naked eye
1. antigravity muscles
2. example hip
e. known as striated
i. fibers appear striped
pf3

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Muscles: I. Types a. Skeletal b. Cardiac c. Smooth II. Differ in a. Cell structure b. Body location c. How they are stimulated to contract III. Similarities a. Elongated i. Reason they are called muscle fibers b. shorten and contract c. terminology i. myo and mys mean muscle ii. sarco means flesh IV. Skeletal muscle (terms to remember skeletal, striated and voluntary) a. Fibers packed together to make skeletal muscle b. Attach to the skeleton c. Cover bones to make contours smooth d. Fibers are i. Cigar shaped ii. Multinucleate iii. Some up to 1 foot in length iv. So large they can be seen with the naked eye

  1. antigravity muscles
  2. example hip e. known as striated i. fibers appear striped

ii. only muscle that is under conscious control f. can contract with great force g. tires very easily h. must rest after short periods of activity i. bundled together with connective tissue Endomysium (sheathing on outside of muscle fibers) Perimysium covering on a group of fibers (several sheathed fibers wrapped together) Fibers wrapped together form a fascicle Bind many fascicles together to with an outer coat called an epimysium Bind these together into cordlike tendons or sheet like aponeuorses --these connect to bones, cartilage or each other. V. Smooth muscle (terms to remember….visceral, nonstriated and involuntary) a. No striations b. Involuntary c. Location i. Walls of visceral organs

  1. stomach
  2. urinary bladder
  3. respiratory passages d. propels substances along a tract e. microscopic i. spindle-shaped ii. single nucleus iii. sheets or layers
  4. one circular the other longitudinally f. can work for long and slow periods g. take care of “housekeeping” activities i. move food through digestive tract ii. force feces out of distal digestive tract iii. can work tirelessly