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superficial extrinsic muscles of
back
Connect the upper limbs (appendicular skeleton) to the trunk
(axial skeleton)
TERM 2
superficial posterior axio-appendicular
muscles
DEFINITION 2
trapezius & latissimus dorsi
TERM 3
trapezius
DEFINITION 3
large triangular shaped muscle
TERM 4
origin of trapezius
DEFINITION 4
Occipital bone to spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
TERM 5
insertion of trapezius
DEFINITION 5
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula
FUNCTION: descending (superior) part of
trapezius
elevates scapula
TERM 7
FUNCION: middle part of trapezius
DEFINITION 7
retracts the scapula (pulls posteriorly)
TERM 8
FUNCTION: ascending (inferior) part
DEFINITION 8
depresses the scapula & lowers the shoulder
TERM 9
innervation of trapezius
DEFINITION 9
Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve XI; CN XI) for motor;
C3-C4 spinal nerves for pain & proprioception
TERM 10
blood supply of trapezius
DEFINITION 10
transverse cervical artery
blood supply: latissimus dorsi
thoracordorsal artery
TERM 17
triangle of auscultation
DEFINITION 17
small gap in the musculature between trapezius, latissimus
dorsi, and the scapula that can be used to auscultate (listen
to) the lungs in the thoracic cavity when the trunk is flexed
and the scapula protracted.
TERM 18
deep posterior axioappendicular
muscles
DEFINITION 18
rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, & elevator scapulae
TERM 19
rhomboid major &
minor
DEFINITION 19
Lie deep to trapezius; separation between them is not always
distinct, but usually minor is narrow & thick (superior), and
major is wider & flat (inferior)
TERM 20
origin: rhomboid major
DEFINITION 20
T2-T5 spinous processes
insertion: rhomboid major
medial border of scapula inferior to the scapular spine
TERM 22
function: rhomboid major &
minor
DEFINITION 22
Retraction & downward rotation of the scapula; fix scapula to
thoracic wall
TERM 23
innervation: rhomboid major &
minor
DEFINITION 23
Dorsal scapular nerve
TERM 24
blood supply: rhomboid major &
minor
DEFINITION 24
Dorsal scapular artery
TERM 25
origin: rhomboid minor
DEFINITION 25
nuchal ligament; C7-T1 spinous processes
innervation: levator scapulae
Dorsal scapular nerve and C3-C4 cervical nerves
TERM 32
blood supply: levator scapulae
DEFINITION 32
Dorsal scapular artery
TERM 33
intermediate extrinsic muscles of
back
DEFINITION 33
serratus posterior superior & serratus posterior inferior
TERM 34
serratus posterior superior
DEFINITION 34
Thin muscle located deep to the rhomboids
TERM 35
origin: serratus posterior superior
DEFINITION 35
Nuchal ligament and C7-T3 spinous processes
insertion: serratus posterior superior
Superior borders of ribs 2-
TERM 37
function: serratus posterior superior
DEFINITION 37
Proprioception; elevates ribs (during respiration)
TERM 38
innervation: serratus posterior superior
DEFINITION 38
2nd-5th intercostal nerves (T2-T5 spinal nerves)
TERM 39
serratus posterior
inferior
DEFINITION 39
Thin muscle located deep to latissimus dorsi
TERM 40
origin: serratus posterior
inferior
DEFINITION 40
T11-L2 spinous processes of the T11-L2 vertebrae
spleius muscle
aka L. "bandage"; Thick, flat muscle that lies on the lateral &
posterior sides of the neck (deep to trapezius)
TERM 47
origin: spleius muscle
DEFINITION 47
C7-T6 spinous processes
TERM 48
insertion: spleius muscle
DEFINITION 48
Splenius cervicis C1-C3/C4 transverse processes Splenius
capitis occipital bone & mastoid process
TERM 49
function: spleius muscle
DEFINITION 49
Acting unilaterally, laterally flexes neck & rotates head;
acting bilaterally, extendshead & neck
TERM 50
innervation: spleius muscle
DEFINITION 50
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
erector spinae muscles
names
Illiocostalis (lateral column), longissimus (intermediate
column), spinalis (medial column)
TERM 52
erector spinae
muscles
DEFINITION 52
Located along sides of vertebral column between the spinous
processes & angles of the ribs.
TERM 53
origin of erector spinae
muscles
DEFINITION 53
Broad tendon that arises from the posterior part of the iliac
crest, posterior sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, and sacral and
inferior lumbar spinous processes
TERM 54
insertion: iliocostalis
DEFINITION 54
angles of ribs; cervical transverse processes
TERM 55
insertion: longissimus
DEFINITION 55
between tubercles & angles of ribs; thoracic & cervical
transverse processes; mastoid process
back
sprain
an injury in which only ligamentous tissue, or the attachment of
ligament to bone, is involved. It results from excessively strong
contractions related to movements of the vertebral column, such
as excessive extension or rotation. involves stretching or
microscopic tearing of muscle fibers, especially the erector spinae
muscles, due to weight not properly balanced on the vertebral
column. This is the most common cause of low back pain.
TERM 62
back spasm
DEFINITION 62
a sudden involuntary contraction of one or more muscle
groups. This protective mechanism occurs after an injury or
in response to inflammation (e.g., of ligaments). Can cause
cramps, pain, involuntary movement and a distortion of the
vertebral column.
TERM 63
rotatores: origin
DEFINITION 63
transverse processes
TERM 64
rotatores: insertion
DEFINITION 64
spinous processes of vertebrae superiorly
TERM 65
main action of rotatores
DEFINITION 65
Stabilizes vertebrae; proprioception
innervation: rotatores
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
TERM 67
multifidus: description
DEFINITION 67
Short, deep muscle with superomedial orientation; Spans 2-
vertebral levels
TERM 68
multifidus: origin
DEFINITION 68
Sacrum, ilium, transverse processes
TERM 69
multifidus: insertion
DEFINITION 69
Spinous processes of vertebrae 2-4 segments superiorly
TERM 70
multifidus: main action
DEFINITION 70
Acting unilaterally:contralateral rotation; Stabilizes vertebrae
erector spinae: innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
