Muscles of the Lower Extremity

MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS MUSCLE GROUP

Abductor digiti minimi Lateral plantar nerve Abducts and flexes 5th digit Foot - Layer 1

Abductor hallucis Medial plantar nerve Abducts and flexes 1st digit Foot - Layer 1

Adductor brevis Obturator nerve Adducts thigh at hip, weak hip flexor Thigh - Medial

Adductor hallucis Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

Adducts 1st digit, maintains

transverse arch of foot

Foot - Layer 3

Adductor longus Obturator nerve (anterior division) Adducts thigh at hip Thigh - Medial

Adductor magnus

Adductor part: obturator nerve

Hamstring part: sciatic nerve (tibial

division)

Adductor part: adducts and flexes

thigh

Hamstring part: extends thigh

Thigh - Medial

Articularis genus Femoral nerve

Pulls suprapatellar bursa superiorly

with extension of knee

Thigh - Anterior

Biceps femoris

Long head: sciatic nerve (tibial

division) (L5–S2)

Short head: sciatic nerve (common

fibular division)

Flexes and laterally rotates leg,

extends thigh at hip

Thigh - Posterior

Dorsal interossei (four muscles) Lateral plantar nerve

Abduct 2nd through 4th toes, flex

metatarsophalangeal joints, and

extend phalanges

Foot - Layer 4

Extensor digitorum brevis and

extensor hallucis brevis

Deep fibular nerve

Aids the extensor digitorum longus in

extending of 4 medial digits at the

metatarsophalangeal and

interphalangeal joints

Foot - Dorsum

Extensor digitorum longus Deep fibular nerve

Extends lateral four digits and

dorsiflexes foot at ankle

Leg - Anterior

Extensor hallucis longus Deep fibular nerve

Extends great toe, dorsiflexes foot at

ankle

Leg - Anterior

Fibularis peroneus brevis Superficial fibular nerve

Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes

foot at ankle

Leg - Lateral

Fibularis peroneus longus Superficial fibular nerve

Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes

foot at ankle

Leg - Lateral

Fibularis peroneus tertius Deep fibular nerve

Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and aids in

eversion of foot

Leg - Anterior

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Superficial branch of lateral plantar

nerve

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit Foot - Layer 3

Flexor digitorum brevis Medial plantar nerve Flexes 2nd through 5th digits Foot - Layer 1

Flexor digitorum longus Tibial nerve

Flexes lateral four digits and

plantarflexes foot at ankle; supports

longitudinal arches of foot

Leg - Posterior

Flexor hallucis brevis Medial plantar nerve Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit Foot - Layer 3

Flexor hallucis longus Tibial nerve

Flexes all joints of great toe, weakly

plantarflexes foot at ankle

Leg - Posterior

Gastrocnemius Tibial nerve

Plantarflexes foot at ankle joint,

assists in flexion of knee joint, raises

heel during walking

Leg - Posterior

Gluteus maximus Inferior gluteal nerve

Extends flexed thigh, assists in lateral

rotation, and abducts thigh

Gluteal region

Gluteus medius Superior gluteal nerve

Abducts and medially rotates thigh at

hips; steadies pelvis on leg when

opposite leg is raised

Gluteal region

Gluteus minimus Superior gluteal nerve

Abducts and medially rotates thigh at

hips; steadies pelvis on leg when

opposite leg is raised

Gluteal region

Gracilis Obturator nerve

Adducts thigh, flexes and medially

rotates leg

Thigh - Medial

Page 1 of 2

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MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS MUSCLE GROUP

Abductor digiti minimi Lateral plantar nerve Abducts and flexes 5th digit Foot - Layer 1 Abductor hallucis Medial plantar nerve Abducts and flexes 1st digit Foot - Layer 1 Adductor brevis Obturator nerve Adducts thigh at hip, weak hip flexor Thigh - Medial Adductor hallucis Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve Adducts 1st digit, maintains transverse arch of foot Foot - Layer 3 Adductor longus Obturator nerve (anterior division) Adducts thigh at hip Thigh - Medial Adductor magnus Adductor part: obturator nerve Hamstring part: sciatic nerve (tibial division) Adductor part: adducts and flexes thigh Hamstring part: extends thigh Thigh - Medial Articularis genus Femoral nerve Pulls suprapatellar bursa superiorly with extension of knee Thigh - Anterior Biceps femoris Long head: sciatic nerve (tibial division) (L5–S2) Short head: sciatic nerve (common fibular division) Flexes and laterally rotates leg, extends thigh at hip Thigh - Posterior Dorsal interossei (four muscles) Lateral plantar nerve Abduct 2nd through 4th toes, flex metatarsophalangeal joints, and extend phalanges Foot - Layer 4 Extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis Deep fibular nerve Aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending of 4 medial digits at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints Foot - Dorsum Extensor digitorum longus Deep fibular nerve Extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes foot at ankle Leg - Anterior Extensor hallucis longus Deep fibular nerve Extends great toe, dorsiflexes foot at ankle Leg - Anterior Fibularis peroneus brevis Superficial fibular nerve Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle Leg - Lateral Fibularis peroneus longus Superficial fibular nerve Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle Leg - Lateral Fibularis peroneus tertius Deep fibular nerve Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and aids in eversion of foot Leg - Anterior Flexor digiti minimi brevis Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit Foot - Layer 3 Flexor digitorum brevis Medial plantar nerve Flexes 2nd through 5th digits Foot - Layer 1 Flexor digitorum longus Tibial nerve Flexes lateral four digits and plantarflexes foot at ankle; supports longitudinal arches of foot Leg - Posterior Flexor hallucis brevis Medial plantar nerve Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit Foot - Layer 3 Flexor hallucis longus Tibial nerve Flexes all joints of great toe, weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle Leg - Posterior Gastrocnemius Tibial nerve Plantarflexes foot at ankle joint, assists in flexion of knee joint, raises heel during walking Leg - Posterior Gluteus maximus Inferior gluteal nerve Extends flexed thigh, assists in lateral rotation, and abducts thigh Gluteal region Gluteus medius Superior gluteal nerve Abducts and medially rotates thigh at hips; steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised Gluteal region Gluteus minimus Superior gluteal nerve Abducts and medially rotates thigh at hips; steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised Gluteal region Gracilis Obturator nerve Adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg Thigh - Medial Page 1 of 2

Muscles of the Lower Extremity

MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS MUSCLE GROUP

Iliacus Femoral nerve Flexes hip and stabilizes hip joint; acts with psoas major Posterior abdominal wall Iliacus (Iliopsoas) Femoral nerve Flexes thigh at hips and stabilizes hip joint, acts with psoas major Thigh - Anterior Inferior gamellus Nerve to quadratus femoris Laterally rotates extended thigh at the hip Gluteal region Lumbricals Medial one: Lateral three^ medial plantar nerve : lateral plantar nerve Flexes proximal phalanges at MTP joint, extends phalanges at PIP and DIP joints Foot - Layer 2 Obturator externus Obturator nerve Laterally rotates thigh, stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum Thigh - Medial Obturator internus Nerve to obturator internus Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip Gluteal region Pectineus Femoral nerve and sometimes obturator nerve Adducts and flexes thigh at hip Thigh - Medial Piriformis Ventral rami of L5, S1, S2 Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip Gluteal region Plantar interossei (three muscles) Lateral plantar nerve Adduct digits (2–4) and flex metatarsophalangeal joint and extend phalanges Foot - Layer 4 Plantaris Tibial nerve Weakly assists gastrocnemius Leg - Posterior Popliteus Tibial nerve (L4–S1) Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur on fixed tibia Leg - Posterior Psoas major Ventral rami of first four lumbar nerves Acting superiorly with iliacus, flexes hip; acting inferiorly, flexes vertebral column laterally; used to balance trunk in sitting position; acting inferiorly with iliacus, flexes trunk Posterior abdominal wall Psoas major (Iliopsoas) Ventral rami of first lumbar nerve Acting superiorly with iliacus, flexes hip; acting inferiorly, flexes vertebral column laterally; used to balance trunk in sitting position; acting inferiorly with iliacus, flexes trunk Thigh - Anterior Quadratus femoris Nerve to quadratus femoris Laterally rotates thigh at hip Gluteal region Quadratus plantae Lateral plantar nerve Corrects for oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus tendon, thus assists in flexion of toes Foot - Layer 2 Rectus femoris (quadriceps) Femoral nerve Extends leg at knee joint and flexes thigh at hip joint Thigh - Anterior Sartorius Femoral nerve Abducts, laterally rotates, and flexes thigh; flexes knee joint Thigh - Anterior Semimembranosus Sciatic nerve (tibial division) Flexes leg, extends thigh Thigh - Posterior Semitendinosus Sciatic nerve (tibial division) Flexes leg, extends thigh Thigh - Posterior Soleus Tibial nerve Plantarflexes foot at ankle, stabilizes leg over foot Leg - Posterior Superior gemellus Nerve to obturator internus Laterally rotates extended thigh at the hip Gluteal region Tensor fasciae latae Superior gluteal nerve Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh at hip; helps to keep knee extended Gluteal region Tibialis anterior Deep fibular nerve Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and inverts foot Leg - Anterior Tibialis posterior Tibial nerve Plantarflexes foot at ankle and inverts foot Leg - Posterior Vastus intermedius (quadriceps) Femoral nerve Extends leg at knee joint Thigh - Anterior Vastus lateralis (quadriceps) Femoral nerve Extends leg at knee joint Thigh - Anterior Vastus medialis (quadriceps) Femoral nerve Extends leg at knee joint Thigh - Anterior Page 2 of 2

Muscles of the Lower Extremity, Lecture notes of Human Physiology

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MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS MUSCLE GROUP

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