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Muscles of the Thigh and Hip: Anatomy, Innervation, and Function, Cheat Sheet of Anatomy

Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research InstituteAnatomy

A detailed overview of the muscles of the thigh and hip region, including their origin, insertion, nerve supply, and actions. It covers major muscles such as the adductor magnus, gluteus maximus, hamstring muscles (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris), as well as the short lateral rotators (piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, and obturator externus). The information presented includes the anatomical details, nerve supply, and the primary functions of these muscles in the movement and stabilization of the hip and knee joints. This comprehensive coverage of the thigh and hip musculature would be valuable for students and professionals studying human anatomy, kinesiology, and sports medicine.

Typology: Cheat Sheet

2023/2024

Available from 09/27/2024

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ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION
1. Adductor magnus (Hybrid muscle bcoz of its double nerve supply – Largest muscle of medial
compartment of thigh)
a. Inferolateral part of the
ischial tuberosity
b. Ramus of the ischium
c. Lower part of inferior
ramus of the pubis
a. Medial margin of
gluteal tuberosity
b. Linea aspera
c. Medial supracondylar
line
d. Adductor tubercle
Double nerve supply
Adductor part – Post.
Division of obturator
nerve
Hamstring part – tibial
part of sciatic nerve.
Adductor part adduction
of thigh .
Hamstring part helps in
extension of the hip and
flexion of knee joint.
2. Gluteus maximus (Large quadrilateral, powerful muscle. Covering mainly the posterior surface
of pelvis. It comprises red muscle fibers)
Outer slope of dorsal
segment of iliac Crest.
Posterior gluteal line.
Posterior part of gluteal
surface of ilium behind
the posterior gluteal line.
Apple neurosis of erector
spinea.
Dorsal surface of lower
part of sacrum.
Side of Coccyx.
Sacrotuberous ligament.
Fascia covering gluteus
medius.
The deep fibres of the
lower part of the muscle
are inserted into the
gluteal tuberosity (1/4th1
part.)
The greater part of the
muscle is inserted into
the iliotibial track, (3/4th
part.)
Inferior gluteal nerve,
(L5., S1, 2
chief extensor of the Thai
at the hip joint. This
action is very important
in raising from a sitting
position.
It is essential for
maintaining the erect
posture.
Other actions Are:
Lateral rotation of the
thigh.
Abduction of the Thai.
By upper fibers.
Along with the extensive
fascia Latae, the Muscles
stabalizes the knee
through the indomitable
truck.
HAMSTRING MUSCLES
3. Semitendinosus (It is so named because it is a muscular in upper part and has a long tendon of
insertion. It lies posterior medially in the thigh and superior to the semimembranosus)
From the inferomedial
impression on the upper
part of the initial
tuberosity in common
with the long head of
bicep femoris.
Into the upper part of the
medial surface of the
tibia, behind the sartorius
and the gracilis.
Tibial part of sciatic
nerve. (L5, S1, 2)
Three flexor of deli and
medial rotator of the leg
in semi flexed knee.
Week and Center of the
Hip.
pf3
pf4

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ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

  1. Adductor magnus (Hybrid muscle bcoz of its double nerve supply – Largest muscle of medial compartment of thigh) a. Inferolateral part of the ischial tuberosity b. Ramus of the ischium c. Lower part of inferior ramus of the pubis a. Medial margin of gluteal tuberosity b. Linea aspera c. Medial supracondylar line d. Adductor tubercle Double nerve supply Adductor part – Post. Division of obturator nerve Hamstring part – tibial part of sciatic nerve. Adductor part adduction of thigh. Hamstring part helps in extension of the hip and flexion of knee joint. 2. Gluteus maximus (Large quadrilateral, powerful muscle. Covering mainly the posterior surface of pelvis. It comprises red muscle fibers) Outer slope of dorsal segment of iliac Crest. Posterior gluteal line. Posterior part of gluteal surface of ilium behind the posterior gluteal line. Apple neurosis of erector spinea. Dorsal surface of lower part of sacrum. Side of Coccyx. Sacrotuberous ligament. Fascia covering gluteus medius. The deep fibres of the lower part of the muscle are inserted into the gluteal tuberosity (1/4th part.) The greater part of the muscle is inserted into the iliotibial track, (3/4th part.) Inferior gluteal nerve, (L5., S1, 2 chief extensor of the Thai at the hip joint. This action is very important in raising from a sitting position. It is essential for maintaining the erect posture. Other actions Are: Lateral rotation of the thigh. Abduction of the Thai. By upper fibers. Along with the extensive fascia Latae, the Muscles stabalizes the knee through the indomitable truck. **HAMSTRING MUSCLES
  2. Semitendinosus** (It is so named because it is a muscular in upper part and has a long tendon of insertion. It lies posterior medially in the thigh and superior to the semimembranosus) From the inferomedial impression on the upper part of the initial tuberosity in common with the long head of bicep femoris. Into the upper part of the medial surface of the tibia, behind the sartorius and the gracilis. Tibial part of sciatic nerve. (L5, S1, 2) Three flexor of deli and medial rotator of the leg in semi flexed knee. Week and Center of the Hip.

4. Semimembranosus (It the sole name because it has a flat tendon of origin. It lies posterior medially in the thigh deep to the semitendinosus) From the superhero lateral impression on the upper part of the ethical tuberosity. Into the groove on the posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia expansions from the tendered, from the oblique popliteal ligament and the fascia covering the Popliteus. Tibial part of this chaotic novel. She flexor of the knee and medial rotator of the leg in semi flex knee weak extensor of the hip. 5. Biceps femoris (Lies posterior laterally in the thigh) Long head - From the inferomedial impression on the upper part of the ischial tuberosity in common within semi tendinosis, and also from the lower part of the sacrotuberous ligament. Short head from the lateral lip of the linea aspera between the adductor Magnus and the vastus lateralus from the upper 2/3. The lateral supracondylar light add from the lateral intermuscular septum. The tendon is folded around by. The fibular collateral ligament. It is Inserted Into the head of the fibula in front of its apex, or styloid process. Long head bite. Tibial part of sciatic nerve. Short head by common peroneal part of sciatic nerve. (L5, S1, 2) Chief flexor of the knee and lateral rotator of knee in semi flex knee weak extensor of the hip. 6. Adductor Magnus (Largest muscle of back of the thigh) Lower lateral part of Ishmael Tuberosity. Ramus of the Ishchium Lower part of the inferior Ramus of the pubis Medial margin of gluteal tuberosity. Linea Aspira. Medial Supracondylar line. Adductor tubercle. Double Nerve supply. Adductor Part - posterior division of obturator nerve. Hamstring part - Tibial part of sciatic nerve. Adductor part causes adduction of the thigh. Ischial part helps an extension of hip and flexion of knee.

region) Pelvic surface of obturator membrane. Pelvic surface of the body of the ischium, ischial tuberosity, ischiopubic rami and ilium below the pelvic brim. Obturator fascia. The tendon of the opturator internus, leaves the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen. Here it bends at a right angle along around the lesser sciatic notch and runs laterally to be inserted into the medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur. Nerve to obturator internus L5, S1, 2. Lateral rotators of thigh at the hip joint 13.Obturator externals (triangular in shape, covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis) Outer surface of obturator membrane. Outer surface of the bony, margins of obturator foramen. The muscle ends in a tendon which runs upwards and laterally behind the neck of the femur to reach the gluteal region where it is inserted into the trochanteric fossa (on medial sode of thr greater trochanter ) Posterior division of obturator nerve L2, 3, 4). Lateral rotators of Thigh at the hip joint.