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Music Appreciation, Final Exam Questions
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What types are Jazz are there? Blues, Big Bands, Free Jazz, Ragtime, Dixie land Jazz. What is a blue note? A slide or drop in a pitch Who was the first great American composer and why? What was his mission? Aaron Copland, Gives us lots of big music pieces To make Americans their own nationalism music Big band jazz is also called? Swing Jazz Describe Dixie land Jazz, Blues, and Ragtime. Dixie land jazz has a clarinet
Blues – has blue notes, has a sadder poetic sound to it, it’s very emotional, repetitive poetic musical ideas. Rag time – Is just the piano, and it sounds more like a cowboy song, Describe big band/Swing Jazz and Free Jazz? Swing Jazz – has actual parts, and played by a bigger group and has little improvisation Free Jazz – influenced by our serialism movement, so it's gonna be atonal and have alot of Improve. Tell me about the Harlem renaissance.Was a movement that was trying to get it on the stage, incorporate these jazz elements into these more traditional song forms to share it, had a big push by George Gershwin What are the Ism's of the 20th century? Impressionism Symbolism Nationalism Primitivism
Break down serialism Based on established unit of music of 12 different pitches Prime – the original row 12 tone matrix Webern and Berg carry on the 12 tone tradition Neoclassicism Deliberate imitation of an earlier style within a contemporary context. Generally very tonal Absolute music Smaller ensembles Who made ragtime popular? Tell me something about him and name a song of his. Scott Joplin, one of the first American composers to gain popularity. Song, Maple Leaf Rag
Who is responsible for the 12 tone composition? What can we not call it? What do we call it? Who were his two students? Arnold Schoenberg, we can't call it major or minor cause it uses all the chords, so we call it atonal. It sounds chaotic, kinda spooky like horror movies. Webern and Bern What is Minimalism? Name a Minimalist. when did it start? A song? Reaction against the complexity of serialism, Steady pulse, a lot of repetition, short patterns very clear tonality and rhythm, John Cage Mid 1960's, one song is Riley in C
Famous Neo Romantic? Tell us 3 facts, and 2 songs. Jennifer Higdon 1962 Born in Brooklyn, NY Studied with the famous George Crumb Received the Pulitzer Prize in 2010 for her violin concerto Violin Concerto and Blue Cathedral What are film scores? And name some composers. Work they did. The sound tracks to the movie John Williams (Star Wars ep 1, 2, 3 etc. Home alone ) Hans Zimmer (Inception, Pirates of the carribean) Michael Giacchino (Up, Star trek) Tell me all about Leonard Bernstein. Brilliant Composer Accomplished pianist, composer and conductor First american to be invited to Italy to conduct an Opera Born in Massachusetts Studied at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philly
Was assistant conductor of the NY Philharminc under Serge Koussevirzky, one Sunday afternoon when the guest conductor was ill he stepped onto the conductors stand, and he was a over night success. What did Leonard Bernstein do like Gershwin? Like Gershwin, Leonard tried to incorporate Jazz in the classical World What musical is Leonard Bernstein most famous for? West Side Story What was similar to Opera? Tell me about it. How was it different? Musicals, they had costumes, singing, music, acting, dancing, chorus, scenery, costumes, etc. Difference, Opera was more tragic as Musicals were more light hearted. What is chance/aleatoric music? Music composed by random selection of elements Who was Dmitri Shostacovich Socialist Realism Rejected Modernism
Bela Bartok (1881–1945) Sergi Prokofiev Born in Russia Classical Symphony (1917) Follow our simple 4 movement structure and go back to a more simplistic style but with a contemporary spin on it Ex:'s Flutes are extending range to high D's that would not have been possible in the classical era Bela Bartok Born in Hungary Had a fascination with folk music, very nationalistic Worked with Kodaly and went around to remote villages to collect these folk melodies 1940 move the US Creates Miraculous Mandarin and Concerto for Orchestra Who made the big band or swing era popular? Duke Ellington
Riley in C? Chance music, kind of gives the musician the skeleton bones but not the order of how to put it back together, so everyone's version of this song can be different. What is the purpose of chromaticism and what does adding it do? We do it to explore colorful harmonies and it causes some dissonance as well. Tessatura When we have instruments playing a extreme virtuosity level What did Steve Reich do? Phase music/Process music: playing 2 or more identical phrases at different speeds so they gradually move out of phase. It's gonna rain (1965) is a song based on a single phrase of text Reich recorded of a preacher Gave us also Banshee Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971) Born In Russia
George Gershwin (1898–1937) Grew up in Manhattan Harlem Renaissance Well known Pianist Songs he did, Porgy and Bess – American Folk Opera and Rhapsody in blue The Banshee? When and by who? One guy presses his foot on the piano pedal and other slides his hands on the strings. Gives light to a lot of horror movie sounds. Made by Henry Cowell in 1925 Song using prepared piano? John Cage Sonatas n. 1,2,3 and 5 1936 – 1949? Heavy amount of folk music in America Who did and where did Aaron Copland study? He studied in Paris with Nadia Boulanger What was a prepared piano? Taking bolts, strings, broken glass etc. and putting them in specific spots of a piano to bring about a lot of different colors in tones.
Dmitri Shostacovich after his 1934 success? •In 1936 Stalin goes to a performance,walks out! •The next day the headlines read “Chaosinstead of music” •Criticized for following the cult ofatonality! •He composed his 5th symphony (1937) knowing that if it wasnot well received, that it would be his last…
- Luckily it regained him official favor•“a Soviet artist’s practical creativeresponse to just criticism” Shostacovich •Listening: 5thsymphony and Piano Concerto No. 2
