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N547 EXAM 1 WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025
CHAPTER 1 LECTURE correct answers >> What is research? correct answers >> -diligent & systematic inquiry or investigation -validates & refines existing knowledge AND generate new knowledge What is Nursing Research? correct answers >> -scientific process -validates & refines existing knowledge AND generate new knowledge -directly & indirectly influence delivery of evidence based nursing Are philosophy & knowledge abstract or concrete? correct answers >> abstract
Is evidence based nursing abstract or concrete? correct answers >> concrete What are the three components of the abstract thought process? correct answers >> -introspection -intuition -reasoning What is introspection? correct answers >> -Turning your attention inward toward your thoughts -longer thought process What is intuition? correct answers >> -Insight or understanding that isn't logical but gut based -immediate, more organic What is reasoning? correct answers >> -Processing and organizing of ideas in order to reach conclusions -concrete reflection, critical, deliberate thought process
What are the roles of BSN nurses in research? correct answers >> -read/critically appraise studies -use research evidence in practice -assist w/ problem identification & data collection What are the roles of MSN nurses in research? correct answers >> -critically appraise/synthesize studies -develop/revise protocols, algorithms, policies for practice base on appraisal/synthesis -implement research evidence in practice -collaborate on research projects -provide clinical expertise for research What are the roles of DNP nurses in research? correct answers >> -help develop evidence based guidelines -develop/implement/evaluate/revise protocols, policies, guidelines -conduct clinical studies in collaboration w/ nurse researchers What are the roles of PHD nurses in research? correct answers >> -help develop evidence based guidelines
-develop/implement/evaluate/revise protocols, policies, guidelines -conduct clinical studies in collaboration w/ nurse researchers What are the roles of PHD nurses w/ postdoctoral education in research? correct answers >> -full researcher role w/ funded program of research -lead/participate in nursing & interdisciplinary research teams -experts in their research area -mentor PHD-prepared researchers How are (1) clinical expertise (2) best research evidence & (3) patient needs/values related in forming evidence based practice? correct answers >> clinical expertise & patient needs/values are considered & driven by the best research evidence to form EBP (see diagram on slide #12 of chapter 1 PPT) What are the ultimate goals of nursing? correct answers >> -Help your pt. -Harm prevention & reduction
- What are the diagnoses of patients treated in a typical hospital emergency room?
- What is the average home blood sugar value in ambulatory diabetic patients in one physician's practice in new york city?
- What is the daily calorie intake for 14-year-old males below the poverty level in the Los Angeles public school system? What are three examples of EXPLANATION study questions? correct answers >> 1. Do the rates of UTIs in my institution differ, depending on catheter product used?
- Why do emergency room clients state that they use the emergency room?
- Does daily average blood sugar value in ambulatory diabetic men differ depending on marital status? What are three examples of PREDICTION study questions? correct answers >> 1. What is the occurrence rate of UTIs in diabetic, versus non-diabetic hospitalized women with temporary urinary catheters?
- What are the variations in emergency room use on different days of the week, at different times?
- Is the incidence of death in elders suffering hip fracture lower with prompt surgical intervention?
What are three examples of CONTROL study questions? correct answers >> 1. If the BRX antibiotic-impregnated catheter is utilized for diabetic women post-operatively, does the rate of UTI decrease?
- Can use of the emergency room for urgent care illness be decreased by a 24-hour urgent care center adjacent to the hospital?
- Does thrice-weekly aqua-exercise by elderly females slow bone loss? What are the four research methods? correct answers >>
- Quantitative research: counts & measures; reports findings w/ statistics
- Qualitative research: observes & interviews; reports findings as a narrative
- Outcomes research: quantitative; focused on quality of care
- Intervention research: quantitative; tests a product or strategy CHAPTER 2 LECTURE correct answers >>
What were the major nursing research advancements in the 1970s? correct answers >> -Focus on nursing process -1st nursing diagnosis conference (NANDA) -studies about implementation & outcomes of nursing care What were the major nursing research advancements in the 1980s-1990s? correct answers >> -focus on conduct of clinical nursing -Wiche & Curn Projects: promoted use of research-based nursing interventions -NCNR: support clinical nursing research -Emergence of outcomes research -"Evidence-based" term first used What were the major nursing research advancements in the 21st century? correct answers >> -central vision: conducts quality studies to guide practice -strong focus on EBP -funding expanded for research to include: illness tx, health promotion/prevention -AHRQ, NINR, ANA organizations promote research for EBP
What is the scientific method? correct answers >> Incorporates all procedures scientists have used, currently use, or may use in the future to pursue knowledge What is quantitative research? correct answers >> - objective, systematic, & formal process -obtains numerical data -predominant research method in nursing currently What is qualitative research? correct answers >> - subjective, systematic, interactive process -holistic approach -describes life experiences & gives them meaning -informed by: naturalistic, interpretive, humanistic philosophy What determines whether to it is qualitative or quantitative research? correct answers >> -what is the problem being studied? -what is the purpose of the study?
- descriptive What is descriptive research? correct answers >> Purpose: explore, describe phenomena in real life situations Conclusions:
- discover a new meaning
- describe what exists
- determine frequency with which something occurs
- categorize information What is correlational research? correct answers >> Purpose: examine relationship between 2+ variables, determines type (positive/negative) & degree (strength) of relationship Conclusions:
- explain nature of relationship (NOT: to determine cause & effect) What is quasi-experimental research? correct answers >> Purpose: examine cause/effect relationship among independent & dependent variables
Less powerful than experimental research because it involves a lower level of control in one of the areas of:
- randomization (common)
- Controlled manipulation of independent variable
- control of experimental situation (control or comparison group) What is experimental research? correct answers >> Purpose: examine cause/effect relationship between independent & dependent variables (in controlled conditions) Main characteristics:
- randomization
- Controlled manipulation of independent variable
- control of experimental situation (control or comparison group) What are the characteristics of qualitative research? correct answers >> 1) Generates knowledge about meaning through discovery
- Inductive and dialectic reasoning
Describe intervention research: correct answers >> investigates effectiveness of a nursing intervention in achieving desired outcome or outcomes in a natural setting What is the best research evidence for practice? correct answers >> -summary of highest quality, empirical knowledge in specific area of healthcare, developed from synthesis of quality studies -generated from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, & evidence based practice What is a systematic review? correct answers >> - structured, comprehensive synthesis of research literature -based on randomized controlled trials (sometimes includes a meta-analysis) What is meta-analysis? correct answers >> -statistically pooling results from previous studies into a single quantitative analysis -provides one of the highest levels of evidence about an intervention's effectiveness
What is an integrative review? correct answers >> - structured, systematic review -incorporates all types of study designs What is meta-synthesis? correct answers >> -systematic compiling & integration of qualitative study results -expands understanding & develops a unique interpretation of study findings in selected area (focus on interpretation rather than combining of study results) What is mixed-methods systematic review? correct answers
-synthesizing both quantitative & qualitative studies What are the EBP guidelines? correct answers >> - Rigorous, explicit clinical guidelines based on the best research evidence available -developed by team/panel of expert researchers; clinicians; consumers, policymakers, and economists How many levels of evidence are there on the rating system for hierarchy of evidence? correct answers >> seven levels
What is the purpose, pros, and cons of BASIC RESEARCH? correct answers >> Purpose: generate & refine theory and build constructs Pros: findings more theoretical in nature; generalizable to various settings/populations Cons: Findings often not directly useful in practice Example: a study to describe of the chemical structure of cocaine. (to decide how/why people use cocaine, discover the addictive properties) What is the purpose, pros, and cons of APPLIED RESEARCH? correct answers >> Purpose: directly influence or improve clinical practice; to solve problems, to make decisions Pros: Used to test theories and validate its usefulness in practice Cons: findings relevant to specific problems, making them less generalizable to other settings/populations Example: determine effectiveness of a nurse-managed tele- monitoring program on blood pressure of urban African Americans
How are basic & applied research related? correct answers
-complimentary approaches to generate knowledge
- basic knowledge is first discovered by basic research
- new knowledge tested in practice using applied research Define "rigor" in terms of research correct answers >> - Standard of discipline, accuracy, precision, & objectivity -Strict attention to rules and procedures Why is rigor important in research? correct answers >> allows us to have confidence in findings of the research What is the purpose of "control" in research? correct answers >> -"rules" to decrease the possibility of error in research (i.e. Confounding variables) -Decreasing errors in the research = more confidence that findings are accurate reflection of reality Why is control important? correct answers >> -Without adequately considering/controlling confounding variables, we lack confidence in the study findings
