Download NASM CNC Chapter 5: Metabolism and Energy Expenditure and more Exams Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity!
NASM CNC Chapter 5 Latest Update
Graded A+
Metabolism ✔✔A chemical process that converts food into energy
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ✔✔Provides energy for muscles, nerve impulses, and chemical reactions that support human life
Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) ✔✔Estimated calories needed per day based on age, sex, height, weight, and physical activity level
Calorie ✔✔Amount of energy a food can provide after being broken down
Thermodynamics ✔✔How energy is transferred from one place to another and from one form to another
First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Conservation of Energy) ✔✔Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed
Energy ✔✔Ability to do work
Potential Energy ✔✔Stored for later
Kinetic Energy ✔✔Used for work
Energy balance ✔✔Balance of calories consumed minus calories burned
Energy In (Energy Intake) ✔✔Total calories consumed in a given period of time
Energy Out (Energy Expenditure) ✔✔Calories burned through digestion, activity, or non- exercising movements
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR); Basal metabolism ✔✔Number of calories burned when the body is at rest
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) ✔✔Increase in energy expenditure after eating a meal
Lipolysis ✔✔Breaking stored triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol
Glycogenolysis ✔✔Breaking down glycogen into glucose
Gluconeogenesis ✔✔formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate carbon substrates (lactate, glycerol, glucogenic amino acids)
Hyperthyroidism ✔✔Excess TH
Hyopthyroidism ✔✔Reduction in TH levels
Cortisol ✔✔Stress hormone produced by adrenal glands
Testosterone ✔✔key hormone for metabolism of all three macronutrients
Leptin ✔✔Hormone produced by adipose cells that decreases appetite
Ghrelin ✔✔Hormone released by the stomach that increases hunger
Cholecystokinin (CCK) ✔✔Hormone released in the gastrointestinal system that is responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) ✔✔A hormone produced in the hypothalamus that helps stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, which increases hunger and fat storage
Neuropeptide Molecules ✔✔Small protein-like molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other
Insulin ✔✔A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps to decrease blood sugar
Hyperglycemia ✔✔High blood sugar
Glucagon ✔✔A hormone that increases blood sugar levels
Food processing ✔✔Any procedure that alters food from its natural state
Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) ✔✔Ratio between amount of carbon dioxide produced in metabolism and oxygen used
Beta-oxidation ✔✔Breaking down fat for energy, which does not directly produce ATP
Energy metabolism ✔✔Process of generating energy (ATP) from nutrients we consume
