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Correct Answers 2025 - 2026
According to the SCOFF eating disorder assessment, what is the minimum number of positive answers which might indicate an eating disorder?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5 ✔✔B. 2
Vitamin B9 ✔✔Folic Acid (Folate)
According to the scope of practice for a Nutrition Coach, which is an example of an appropriate resource for determining daily caloric intake?
a. ADA calculations based on age, gender, and activity level
b. The Nutrition Coach cannot assist with daily caloric intake.
c. Body type and cultural preferences
d. Dietary Guidelines for Americans ✔✔d. Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Which term describes how a body of knowledge is based on observation and experience?
NASM CNC Exam | Questions with 100%
a. Reliable
b. Repeatable
c. Empirical
d. Falsifiable ✔✔c. Empirical
Scientists find that a protein supplement increases lean mass in the elderly. However, they caution that the results may not apply to other populations, like younger people. What term best describes what the scientists are referring to?
a. Reliability
b. External validity
c. Test-retest reliability
d. Selection bias ✔✔b. External validity
Scientists gather 20 studies looking at the relationship between protein intake and lean body mass, and then they statistically analyze them together as a group. What type of study is this?
a. Narrative review
b. Meta-analysis
c. Randomized controlled trials
d. Observational research ✔✔b. Meta-analysis
This is research in which a researcher observes ongoing behaviors to determine correlation.
External Validity ✔✔the ability to generalize the results of a study
Systematic Review ✔✔a review where scientists systematically gather all research on a topic & evaluate it based on predefined criteria and rules
test-retest reliability ✔✔ability to get similar results when something is measured under the same conditions
Reliability ✔✔consistency of a measure
Validity ✔✔the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Selection Bias ✔✔sample of people in the study are not a representative of larger population that scientists are looking to make inferences about
Cross-Sectional studies ✔✔- variables in a group at a specific point in time
- population based
- "one-time snapshot"
Case-Control Studies ✔✔- determine if exposure to something is associated with an outcome
- scientists identify people with outcome & without
- uses data that was already collected or occurs in the past
Cohort Studies ✔✔group followed overtime
Which term encompasses the weight of the scientific evidence, field observations, and individual client needs?
a. Primary research
b. Scientific method
c. Evidence-based practice
d. Science ✔✔c. Evidence-based practice
Scientists perform a diet study in which they assign half the people to a continuous dieting group and the other half to an intermittent fasting group. Which term best describes this study design?
a. Crossover
b. Parallel
c. Observational
d. Factorial ✔✔b. Parallel
How many dimensions of wellness are there? ✔✔6 dimensions
What are the 6 dimensions of wellness? ✔✔emotional, occupational, physical, social, intellectual, and spiritual
a. Leptin
b. Cholecystokinin
c. NPY Neuropeptide Y
d. Ghrelin ✔✔a. Leptin
ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?
a. One
b. Four
c. Three
d. Two ✔✔c. Three
Due to losses in lean body mass as people get older, RMR declines by up to _% per decade for men and
_% for women ✔✔2 ; 3
The storage form of glucose is ✔✔glycogen
Which hormone is referred to as the hunger hormone because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage?
a. Leptin
b. Ghrelin
c. NPY Neuropeptide Y
d. Cholecystokinin ✔✔b. Ghrelin
Which organ produces and releases insulin?
a. Kidney
b. Pancreas
c. Liver
d. Thyroid ✔✔b. Pancreas
A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids is referred to as which of the following?
a. Glycolysis
b. Glucagon
c. Gluconeogensis
d. Glycogenolysis ✔✔c. Gluconeogensis
For an individual engaged in vigorous resistance training 5-6 days per week, what would be the most optimal protein prescription?
a. 0.4 g/kg body weight
b. 2.0 g/kg body weight
c. 0.8 g/kg body weight
a. Electrolytes
b. Triglycerides
c. Bones
d. Adipose tissue ✔✔c. Bones
What is dehydration synthesis?
a. Removal of 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen from 2 different molecules when the 2 molecules are joined together
b. Muscle protein synthesis occurring during a dehydrated state
c. When proteins help to regulate fluid balance by drawing water out of tissues into the blood stream
d. Consuming protein without a beverage ✔✔a. Removal of 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen from 2 different molecules when the 2 molecules are joined together
Can post-workout protein consumption increase muscle glycogen synthesis? ✔✔Yes, when consumed with carbohydrates.
Which is most likely to impact longevity?
a. Calorie restriction may enhance longevity.
b. Protein restriction will enhance longevity.
c. Protein restriction will inhibit longevity.
d. Calorie restriction may inhibit longevity. ✔✔a. Calorie restriction may enhance longevity
Ketogenic amino acids may become which 2 molecules that can be used to produce ATP?
a. Acetyl-CoA and glucose
b. Acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate
c. Acetyl-CoA and pyruvate
d. Glucose and fructose ✔✔b. Acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate
Is it ever okay for a sedentary person to eat a high protein diet?
a. Yes, there is usually no issue with a sedentary person consuming a diet high in protein up to 2.2 g/kg body weight.
b. Yes, but only a little over the RDA, up to 1.2 g/kg body weight.
c. Yes, but only a moderately high protein diet up to 1.6 g/kg body weight.
d. No, a sedentary person should never consume a high protein diet. ✔✔a. Yes, there is usually no issue with a sedentary person consuming a diet high in protein up to 2.2 g/kg body weight.
What are enzymes?
a. Protein-based structures which transport other compounds between cells
b. Protein-based structures which transmit electrical signals throughout the nervous system
c. Protein-based structures which catalyze chemical reactions
d. Protein-based structures which primarily eliminate pathogens ✔✔c. Protein-based structures which catalyze chemical reactions
a. High-fructose corn syrup
b. Inulin
c. Lactose
d. Dextrose ✔✔b. Inulin
What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for men in the U.S.? grams ✔✔35 grams
Because of the catabolic nature of exercise, insulin release is largely suppressed during an exercise bout. How does glucose, consumed during a workout, then enter the cell?
a. The body relies upon non-insulin mediated glucose uptake.
b. The body relies upon norepinephrine mediated glucose uptake.
c. The body relies upon insulin mediated glucose uptake.
d. The body relies upon epinephrine mediated glucose uptake. ✔✔a. The body relies upon non-insulin mediated glucose uptake.
What forms maltose? ✔✔Glucose and glucose
According to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), how many calories from added sugar are recommended for men on a daily basis?
a. A limit of 200 calories
b. A limit of 150 calories
c. A limit of 100 calories
d. A limit of 250 calories ✔✔b. a limit of 150 cal
What is the molecular structure for glucose? ✔✔C6H12O
What are the current estimated daily intakes of fiber for men and women in the U.S.? ✔✔18 grams for men; 15 grams for women
Examples of Starches ✔✔Grains, corn, rice, barley, vegetables, beans, and wheat
Examples of Sugars ✔✔Sweets (candy), sugar (cane sugar), fruit, and milk
Monosaccharides ✔✔Single sugar molecules
Disaccharide ✔✔pairs of sugar units; the three nutritionally important ones to humans are sucrose, maltose, and lactose.
-simple sugar
Polysaccharides ✔✔They define glucose chains longer than 10 units in length, but they can be as large as several thousand glucose units in length.
Oligosaccharides ✔✔sugar units ranging from 3 to 10 units in length and are largely indigestible to humans.
Which complex carbohydrate chain contains straight-chain structures? ✔✔Amylose
What is the recommended amount of added sugar suggested by the American Heart Association for American adult women? ✔✔A limit of 6 added teaspoons
Glycemic index is a ranking of a food's effect on ✔✔blood glucose (blood sugar) 2 hours after the consumption of that food
Glycemic load is ✔✔the combined effect of both a carbohydrate's glycemic index (GI) score and the amount of that carbohydrate consumed
Current daily fiber intake recommendation for men in the US ✔✔35 grams
How much glycogen can the adult liver store? ✔✔50 grams per kg
What is the current RDA for carbs for adults? ✔✔130 grams
What is the vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver? ✔✔Hepatic portal vein
What is the function of a micelle? ✔✔Facilitation of the absorption of monoglycerides, free fatty acids, and fat-soluble vitamins.
What is the function of low-density lipoproteins? ✔✔Transportation of cholesterol to cells of the body.
What is the role of lipoprotein lipase? ✔✔It is the enzyme that breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol for the cell to use.
AMDR fat recommendation - % of total calories ✔✔20-35%
Adequate Intake for omega 3 fatty acids for men & women ✔✔1.6 g (men); 1.1 g (women)
What is the BEST information to share with a client about coconut oil intake? ✔✔Coconut oil probably has a neutral effect on heart health.
Key role of phospholipids? ✔✔They are the main component of the cell's membrane and protect the inside of the cell.
Saturated fats are ✔✔fatty acids that have maximum number of hydrogen molecules and contain only a single bond between the carbon atoms.
Good source of DHA ✔✔salmon
What are both chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins responsible for transporting in the bloodstream? ✔✔Triglycerides
What is the function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)? ✔✔To deliver cholesterol to the liver
What is the ideal range of protein consumption per meal to maximize muscle growth? ✔✔0.4 to 0. g/kg
What rate of body weight gain per month is considered a realistic rate of weight gain for advanced trainees looking to increase lean body mass? ✔✔0.25 to 0.5%
What are the guidelines for carbohydrate intake for strength or power athletes? ✔✔5 to 6 g/kg/day
Which of the following accounts for the smallest percentage of total daily energy expenditure?
✔✔Thermic effect of food
What activity factor adjustment should be made for people who engage in a moderate level of physical activity? ✔✔1.
What should the fat target be set at for endurance athletes? ✔✔1 g/kg/day
What is a method for re-establishing an energy deficit after a plateau? ✔✔Choose foods with similar volume but fewer calories.
B. J. Fogg's behavior model proposes that three elements must converge in order for a behavior to happen. What are these three elements? ✔✔Motivation, ability, and a prompt
The new/revised nutrition facts label requires the nutrient content of four micronutrients to be listed.
These micronutrients are listed in which of the following groups? ✔✔Calcium, vitamin D, potassium, and iron
Body Mass Index (BMI) does which of the following in order to provide information about the body?
✔✔Report body mass while also taking height into account.
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein? ✔✔10 to 35%
The average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals
in a particular life stage and gender group is known as ✔✔Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fats? ✔✔20 to 35%
Objective goals are ✔✔completed within a specific amount of time
Subjective goals are ✔✔general statements that are not easily measurable or objective
outcome goals ✔✔focus on an end result in the form of a competition
Autonomous motive ✔✔changing because an individual wants to change
Self-efficacy is mediated by how many sources? ✔✔ 4
Motivational regulation ✔✔varies along a continuum and is reflective of the level to which a behavior is integrated into an individual's values or identity
