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Scientists take 5000 people and have them fill out questionnaires on their dairy intake. They then compare cancer rates between people with high intakes and low intakes. What type of study is this? ✔✔observational
Scientists gather 20 studies looking at the relationship between protein intake and lean body mass, and then they statistically analyze them together as a group. What type of study is this? ✔✔meta-analysis
A scientist proposes that sugar is inherently fattening, independent of its calorie content. If that proposal is true, then that would mean that high sugar diets should increase fat gain independent of their calorie content. What term describes this potential consequence? ✔✔prediction
Which observational study design allows scientists to hypothesize a potential causal association? ✔✔cohort study
How many essential amino acids are there? ✔✔ 9
For an individual engaged in light aerobic exercise 2-3 days per week, what would be the most optimal protein prescription? ✔✔1.4 g/kg body weight
What are the essential amino acids? ✔✔Histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, valine
NASM CNC Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Updated & Verified 2025- 2026
Which two monosaccharides combine to make lactose? ✔✔glucose and galactose
How many sugar units are contained in oligosaccharides? ✔✔3-10 sugar units
What is a chylomicron? ✔✔A lipoprotein that delivers triglycerides to the cells
What acute effect does drinking alcohol have on the heart? ✔✔Decreases left ventricle contractility and increases heart rate
What effect can alcohol metabolism have if liver glycogen is low? ✔✔Sever hypoglycemia
Deficiencies in vitamin B1 lead to which of the following? ✔✔Beriberi
What is the common name for vitamin B3? ✔✔Niacin
With which of the following does motivational interviewing start? ✔✔collaboration
"I want to increase my intake of vegetables from two servings to three servings per day," is an example of which kind of goal? ✔✔performance goal
What type of goal cannot result in a failure to be reached? ✔✔Do your best goal
High-fructose corn syrup usually contains what percentage of fructose? ✔✔55-65%
The link between nonnutritive sweeteners and obesity in observational research can be explained by which of the following? ✔✔reverse causality
The greatest concern of consumers of organic foods is the perception that organic foods are which of the following? ✔✔healthy
A client's weight loss progress is very slow. The client is reporting a low calorie intake of 1200 per day. Their Nutrition Coach decides to increase the client's calorie intake to give the person a diet break. Suddenly, the client starts to lose weight again. Which of the following best describes why this happened? ✔✔The client had a more attainable calorie intake and was better able to adhere to the diet.
A client's weight loss has stalled after about 12 weeks of weight loss. Which item is most likely to be true? ✔✔The client has lost some adherence to the diet.
What is a limitation of the Mifflin St Jeor equation for estimating resting metabolism? ✔✔It does not account for a person's body composition.
What is considered the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for dietary fat for adults? ✔✔20-35%
What is the division of a training program into smaller, progressive stages? ✔✔Periodization
Which of the following accounts for the smallest percentage of total daily energy expenditure? ✔✔thermic effect of food
Which of the following can a Nutrition Coach provide? ✔✔Nutritional advice and behavioral modification
Which term refers to a hypothesis or set of hypotheses for which a large body of high quality evidence has been accumulated? ✔✔theory
Does the Dietary Guidelines for Americans adjust RDAs according to a person's activity level? ✔✔No, they are only based on body size.
What factor can raise a food's GI score? ✔✔Ingesting food in a liquid state
Which sweetener is not considered a mono- or disaccharide and is extracted from chicory root? ✔✔inulin
According to the USAUDIT-C, harmful alcohol consumption is indicated by which score? ✔✔7 for males and 5 for females
What enzyme, that is responsible for the break down of hydrogen peroxide, indirectly contributes to ethanol metabolism? ✔✔catalase
What is the primary cause of exertional rhabdomyolysis? ✔✔An intense exercise session.
Which of the following grains is naturally gluten-free? ✔✔corn
Which of the following foods is limited to low amounts in a typical Mediterranean diet? ✔✔red meat
Nonnutritive sweeteners may be associated with weight gain because of what psychological phenomenon? ✔✔Brain activation patterns
Switching from conventional to organic produce significantly reduces biomarkers of pesticide exposure in as little as how many days? ✔✔5-7 days
Gluten increases intestinal permeability by interacting with which one of the following molecules? ✔✔Zonulin
Which item represents a reason for poor long-term weight maintenance statistics? ✔✔Impaired satiety signals
Which item refers to the amount of calories provided from a food, in relation to how much energy and time it took to get it? ✔✔optimal foraging theory
What activity factor adjustment should be made for people who engage in a moderate level of physical activity? ✔✔1.
Scientists perform a study looking at the effects of caffeine on vertical jump performance. On one day, they give all the subjects caffeine followed by vertical jump tests. Two weeks later, they give all the subjects a placebo followed by the same vertical jump tests. Which term best describes this study design? ✔✔Crossover
Scientists randomly assign subjects to a low or high carbohydrate group and then look at changes in body weight over 3 months. Which item represents the independent variable in this study? ✔✔Diet type
What is the leading contributor to preventable death? ✔✔heart disease
What percent of daily energy expenditure is accounted for by the process of consuming food? ✔✔0.
Between 1969/1971 and 1999/2001, global food consumption per person has risen by how much? ✔✔400 kcal per person per day
Which complex carbohydrate chain contains straight-chain structures? ✔✔amylose
The acidic chyme leaving the stomach must be neutralized before any digestion can occur in the small intestine. What compound neutralizes this chyme? ✔✔sodium bicarbonate
What is an example of trans fat? ✔✔vegetable shortening
What is the definition of saturated fat? ✔✔Saturated fats are fatty acids that have maximum number of hydrogen molecules and contain only a single bond between the carbon atoms
Which of the following is the best approach to build and implement effective programming? ✔✔Develop a program that meets individual client needs.
Empathy is known to be an important component of building a successful coach-client relationship. Which of the following best describes being empathetic in communication? ✔✔Being empathetic takes practice and intentional effort.
During which stage of listening must the coach ask clarifying questions and be careful not to make assumptions? ✔✔Understanding stage
Which of the following is the most important tool in becoming a better listener and communicator? ✔✔The ability to ask quality questions
In terms of providing feedback to a client throughout a program, which of the following is the best approach? ✔✔Provide feedback based on client needs and efficacy.
Which of the following can be described as a lack of harmony in the client-coach relationship? ✔✔dissonance
How many Motivational Interviewing strategies are there? ✔✔ 5
"I want to look and feel better," is an example of which kind of goal? ✔✔Subjective goal
How many grams of fat does a 'Low Fat' product labeled on the Nutrition Facts panel have? ✔✔3 grams of fat or less per serving
A client says she has a difficult time estimating an appropriate portion of starch when she dines out at restaurants. What might the Nutrition Coach recommend she use as a visual approximation? ✔✔A cupped palm-size portion
An individual who eats three meals plus one to two snacks per day, and whose calorie needs range from 1500 - 1800 per day, may want to limit snacks to approximately what range of calories? ✔✔150-
How might clients who use a meal delivery service increase the nutritional value of their meals? ✔✔Add extra vegetables to the meal.
According to global estimates, what is the prevalence of gluten-related disorders? ✔✔0.
Blood pressure, along with which of the following may be beneficially affected by calorie-equated exchange for fructose when compared to other carbohydrates? ✔✔Glycemic control
How many nonnutritive sweeteners have been approved for use by the FDA? ✔✔ 8
Toxins and toxicants accumulate in humans primarily within which of the following? ✔✔fat
What method of pest control is used least in organic agriculture? ✔✔to use pesticides
Because of the catabolic nature of exercise, insulin release is largely suppressed during an exercise bout. How does glucose, consumed during a workout, then enter the cell? ✔✔The body relies upon non- insulin mediated glucose uptake.
During exercise, stored molecules of carbohydrates are broken down to glucose to serve as a fuel. What term defines the breakdown of stored glycogen? ✔✔glycogenolysis
According to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), how many calories from added sugar are recommended for men on a daily basis? ✔✔A limit of 150 calories
When would the body undergo the process of gluconeogenesis? ✔✔During periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake, the body can produce glucose from certain non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids.
What is an example of saturated fat? ✔✔Palm oil
In which of the following key processes is chromium involved? ✔✔insulin signaling
What is the maximal recommended daily intake of mercury? ✔✔2 μg/kg
What percent of magnesium in the human body is found in bone tissue? ✔✔0.
What is the recommended serving amount of fruit per day based on USDA Guidelines? ✔✔ 4
A client has repeatedly exhibited a pre-exercise USG range between 1.028 and 1.032. How would a Nutrition Coach interpret this finding? ✔✔The client needs to increase their fluid intake between training bouts.
For what type of activities would beta alanine be beneficial? ✔✔High-intensity exercise lasting 30 seconds to 10 minutes
Which of the following is one of the symptoms a medical professional will look for with anorexia nervosa? ✔✔restriction of calories
Basic food safety guidelines remain important when meal prepping. Cooked fish should be consumed no later than how many days following preparation? ✔✔Two to three days after preparation
Which of the following is produced in the lowest quantity during fructose metabolism? ✔✔fatty acids
Which item best represents a psychological barrier to dietary adherence? ✔✔Tenacity of eating habits
What activity factor adjustment should be made for people who are considered sedentary? ✔✔1.
What are the guidelines for carbohydrate intake for strength or power athletes? ✔✔5-6 g/kg/day
In which of the following key processes is chromium involved? ✔✔Insulin signaling
