Download NASM CPT Final Exam Questions and Answers: Anatomy, Physiology, and Biomechanics and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NASM CPT Final Exam
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Correct Answers
Proprioception - Correct answer-The body's ability to to sense the relative position of adjacent parts of the body Ex: when walking our feet give us proprioception about the type of surface we are on. Mechanoreceptors - Correct answer-specialized structures that recognize pressure in tissue and transmit signals to sensory nerves. Muscle Spindles - Correct answer-sensory receptors in the muscles that are parallel to the muscle fibers and are sensitive to change in muscle length. Spindles stretch with muscle and sends information to CNS. helps to prevent muscles from stretching too far or too fast Golgi Tendon Organs - Correct answer-sensory receptors that are located at the point where the skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendon. Sensitive to change in tension at the rate of change causes the muscle to relax Epimysium - Correct answer-connective tissue UNDER fascia that acts as an outer layer of the whole muscle Perimysium - Correct answer-connective tissue acts as an outer layer of fascicles Endomysium - Correct answer-between the individual muscle fibers Type 1 Muscle Fiber - Correct answer-"slow-twitch", smaller in size, lessforce
produced, long-term contractions (stabilization) Type 2 Muscle Fiber - Correct answer-fast twitch, larger, quick to fatigue, force and power exercises Agonist - Correct answer-PRIME MOVER, main muscles ex: chest press-> pectoralis major Synergist - Correct answer-ASSIST PRIME MOVER, ex: chest press -> ant deltoid, triceps Stabilizer - Correct answer-stabilizes while prime mover and assist work.
Gluconeogenesis - Correct answer-glucose form from non carb sources like amino acids
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - Correct answer-Energy storage and transfer unit in the cells. When chemical bonds that hold it together are broken, energy is released Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) - Correct answer-molecule produced by ATP ATP-PC system - Correct answer-simpliest and fastest, occurs without oxygen (anaerobic), provides energy for high intensity, short-duration ex: power and strentgh Glycosis System - Correct answer-produces lots of energy for 30-50 sec. Typical bc it falls in the time frame of 8-12 reps Oxidative System - Correct answer-most complex B- oxidation - Correct answer-breakdowns triclgycerides into free fatyy acids to produce more ATP Myth of Fat Burning Zone - Correct answer-higher intensity workouts require greater contribution from fat despite the increase in need of fuel source from carbs Biomechanics - Correct answer-internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effect produced Superior - Correct answer-above a reference point inferior - Correct answer-below a reference point Proximal - Correct answer-reference closest to the center of the body or reference Distal - Correct answer-refernence furthest away Anterior - Correct answer-Reference in front of the body Posterior - Correct answer-Reference in the back of the body Medial - Correct answer-Refernence to the midline of the body Lateral - Correct answer-Reference to the outside of the body Contralateral - Correct answer-refers to a position on the opposite side of the body Ipsilateral - Correct answer-positioned on the same side of the body
Frontal Plane - Correct answer-movements lateral ex: side lunge, side lat raises Transverse Plane - Correct answer-divides body in upper and lower halves Adduction - Correct answer-movement TOWARD the midline of the body Abduction - Correct answer-movement AWAY from the midline of the body Isotonic - Correct answer-Constant muscle tension ex: eccentric, concentric Isometric - Correct answer-constant muscle length isokinetic - Correct answer-The speed of movement is fixed. Usually seen in Rehab facilities Force - Correct answer-characterized by how much and direction, influenced applied by one object to another. Torque - Correct answer-a force that produces rotation Training Zone 1 - Correct answer-walking or jogging; Builds aerobic base and aids in recovery Maximal HR x .65 (.75) Training Zone 2 - Correct answer-Group Exercise classes, spinning; Increases Aerobic and Anerobic Endurance Maximal HR x .76 (.85) Training Zone 3 - Correct answer-Sprinting; Builds high end work capacity Maximal HR x .86 (.96) Estimated Maximal Heart Rate - Correct answer-220- age Body Mass Index - Correct answer-weight proportional to height BMI= [weight (lbs)/height (inchxinch)] x 703 YMCA 3 minute Step Test - Correct answer-96 steps per minute for 3 minutes. Record HR for 60 sec and locate recovery pulse on chart and determine which training zone Rockport Walk Test - Correct answer-clients walks a mile on treadmill and HR and
time are recorded after. Use formula Pronation Distortion Syndrome (ASHA) - Correct answer-Short muscles: gastrocnemius, soleus, adductors, hip flexor complex, biceps femoris
Upper Extremity test: Bench - Correct answer-warm up light 8- reps add weight perform 3-5 reps, rest, and increase weight
Lower Extremity test: Squat - Correct answer-... Flexibility - Correct answer-the ability to move a joint through its complete range of motion Extensibility - Correct answer-Soft tissues ability to be elongated or stretched Dynamic ROM - Correct answer-combination of flexibility and the nervous system's ability to control the rom effficiently Neuromuscular Efficiency - Correct answer-the ability of the nervous system to recruit the correct muscles (agonist, antagonist, synergist, and stabilizers) to produce force (concentric), reduce force (eccentric), and dynamically stabilize (isometric) the body in all 3 planes of motion. Postural Distortion Patterns - Correct answer-Predictable patterns of muscle imbalances Relative Flexibility - Correct answer-the body's tendency to seek the path of least resistance Muscle Imbalance - Correct answer-Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint Cause: postural stress, repetitive movement, lack of core strentgh Reciprocal Inhibition - Correct answer-simultaneous contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of its ANTAGONIST EX: Bicep curls- biceps brachii contract while triceps brachii relaxes Altered Reciprocal Inhibition - Correct answer-a tight AGONIST causes a decrease in the function of it ANTAGONIST EX: tight hip flexor (psoas) would decrease neural drive of the hip extensor (gluteus maximus) Synergistic Dominance - Correct answer-when the synergist take over for a weak prime mover. May cause faulty movement patterns EX: tight hip flexor -> decrease glute -> increase force from synergist (hamstring complex, adductor magnus). Arthrokinematics - Correct answer-motion of the joints Arthrokinetic Dysfunction - Correct answer-biomechanical and neuromuscular dysfuction leading to altered joint motion
Pattern Overload - Correct answer-constantly repeating the same pattern of motion, which could place abnormal stress on the body Davis's Law - Correct answer-states that soft tissue models along the lines of stress Static Stretching - Correct answer-traditional; the process of passively taking a muscle to the point of tension and holding the stretch for a minimum of 30 seconds. Active- Isolated Stretch - Correct answer-suggested for pre-activity warm up; process of using agonist and synergist to dynamically move the joint into range of motion. 5- 10 reps/ 1-2 seconds Dynamic Stretching - Correct answer-uses the force production and the momentum of the body to take a joint through the full ROM ex: prisoner squates, multiplanar lunges Myofascial Release (FOAM ROLL) - Correct answer-by applying gentle force to a knot the muscle fibers are altered from a bundled bunch to a straighter line. Cardiorespiratory Fitness - Correct answer-The ability of the respiratory system to supply oxygen-rich blood to skeletal muscles during physical activity Integrated cardiorespiratory training - Correct answer-planned training programs that improve physiological, physical, and performance adaptations Intensity - Correct answer-The level of demand that a given activity places on the body Maximal Oxygen Consumption - Correct answer-the highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion FITTE - Correct answer-Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Enjoyment Overtraining - Correct answer-excessive volume and a lack of proper rest and recovery Drawing-in-maneuver - Correct answer-used to recruit the local core stabilizers by drawing the navel in toward the spine Bracing - Correct answer-when the abdomin, lower back, and butt muscles are all contracted at the same time
Local Stabilization System - Correct answer-provides support from vertebrae to vetebrae EX: Transversus abdominis, internal oblique, pelvic floor muscles, diaphragm
and adapts to stress Stages: Alarm Reaction, Resistance DEvelopment, Exhaustion Specific adaptation to imposed demands (SAID) Principle - Correct answer-states that the body will adapt to the specific demands being placed on it
Acute Variables - Correct answer-important components that specify how each exercise is to be performed Training Volume - Correct answer-AMOUNT of physical training performed in a specified period. Training Frequency - Correct answer-number of training sessions performed during a specific period (usually 1 week) Training Duration - Correct answer-timeframe from the start of the workout to the end OR length of time (weeks) spent in one phase of training Nutrition - Correct answer-process by which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and repair of tissues Calorie - Correct answer-expression of energy, equal to 1,000 calories Essential Amino Acids - Correct answer-1. Isoleucine 2. Leucine
- Lysine 4.Methionin e
- Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Valine Types of Carbohydrates - Correct answer-Monosaccharide: single sugar units connected to make glucose Disaccharides 2 sugar units (sucrose [sugar], lactose[milk] Polysaccharides: longs chains of mono. Complex carbs(starch/fiber) Daily recommendation for Fiber - Correct answer-38 g/day -> young men, 25 g/day -> young women Fatty Acids - Correct answer-Saturated: risk for heart disease, raise bad cholesterol Unsaturated: increase good cholesterol Monounsaturated: ONE double bond, olive & canola oil Polyunsaturated: >One double bond, cold water fish Lipids (Fats) - Correct answer-most concentrated energy source.
(add 8 ounces of water for every 25 lbs over ideal weight) Altering Body Composition: FAT LOSS - Correct answer-< 10% of calories from sat fats, increase physical activity, dec food and bev calories, limit alcohol, 4-6 meals a day, avoid processed food Altering Body Composition: LEAN MASS - Correct answer-postworkout window- ingest protein and carbs within 90 minutes, spread protein throughout the day, 4- meals a day Ergogenic Aids - Correct answer-enhances athletic performance. Creatine- Typical dosage 20 grams per day for 5-7 days then 2-5 grams per day for maintenance. Increase in 4-5 lbs, maintenance safe for 2-5 years Ex: Creatine, builds muscle mass, strentgh, and anerobic performance. Stimulants Stages of change - Correct answer-Maintenance, Action, Preparation, Contemplation, Precontemplation SMART goals - Correct answer-Specific: detailed description of goal Measurable: quantifiable goals Attainable: right mix that are challenging but in reach Realistic: the individual truly believes it can be done Timely: A specific date of completion Cognitive Strategies - Correct answer-aim to change a client's thoughts and attitudes toward exercise and physical activity Positive Self-Talk - Correct answer-help clients come up with a positive list pertaining to exercise Exercise Imagery - Correct answer-the process created to produce internalized experience to support
