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Nasm Nutrition (Carbohydrates)
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Carbohydrates are often referred to as ✔✔sugars and starches, or as simple and complex carbohydrates.
Examples of starches ✔✔grains, corn, rice, barley, vegetables, beans, and wheat,
Examples of sugars ✔✔sweets (candy), sugar (cane sugar), fruit, and milk
True or False: All carbohydrates are plant-derived ✔✔True
Monosaccharides ✔✔Single sugar molecules
Disaccharides ✔✔pairs of sugar units
Polysaccharides ✔✔longer sugar unit chains
Oligosaccharides ✔✔sugar units ranging from 3 to 10 units in length
Monosaccharides are ________ sugars ✔✔simple
Dissacharides are ________ sugars ✔✔simple
Oligosaccharides are ______ sugars ✔✔complex
Polysaccharides are ______ sugars ✔✔complex
disaccharides are comprised of three nutritionally important molecules ✔✔sucrose, lactose, and maltose
glucose + glucose ✔✔maltose
glucose + fructose ✔✔sucrose
glucose +galactose ✔✔lactose
Certain vegetables (e.g., artichoke, leeks, or sweet potatoes)
insoluble fiber ✔✔fiber that does not dissolve in water and is not broken down by bacteria in the large intestine
insoluble fiber benefits ✔✔Digestive health, Reduces risk of cancer,
Weight loss
examples of insoluble fiber ✔✔Whole-grain wheat, Celery, Brown rice, Quinoa, Apple peels, Broccoli
diverticulosis ✔✔when pockets of collected stool called diverticula form in the walls of the digestive tract, forcing the inner layer of the intestinal wall to push through its outer lining.
In their natural growing state, whole grains consist of the entire seed, known as a__________. ✔✔Kernel
The kernel consists of three parts ✔✔the bran, germ, and endosperm
Bran ✔✔outermost layer of the kernel and is designed to protect the kernel from the environment. It contains B vitamins, antioxidants, and fiber
Germ ✔✔the embryo of the kernel and contains B vitamins, minerals, some protein, and healthy fats.
endosperm ✔✔the largest portion of the kernel. It contains starchy carbohydrates, some protein, and small amounts of vitamins and minerals.
functional fiber ✔✔nondigestible carbohydrates either isolated from natural sources or synthesized; these may be added to foods and dietary supplements
Glycogen ✔✔The storage molecule of carbohydrate found in animals and located in muscle and liver cells.
Glycogenolysis ✔✔The process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units
hepatic portal vein ✔✔A vein connecting the capillary bed of the intestines with the capillary bed of the liver. This allows amino acids and gluocse absorbed from the intestines to be delivered first to the liver for processing before being transported throughout the circulatory system.
Cirrhosis ✔✔chronic degenerative disease of the liver
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ✔✔accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol
Two primary hormones, ______ & ______, are responsible for preserving blood glucose. ✔✔insulin and glucagon
_______ is a hormone released from the pancreas ✔✔insulin
T or F: Insulin serves to lower blood sugar levels and prevent hyperglycemia ✔✔True
Glucagon ✔✔A hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells that increases blood glucose concentration
Glycolgenolysis ✔✔breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways.
type 1 diabetes ✔✔disorder in which the body cannot produce enough insulin
Catabolic ✔✔The breakdown of nutrients to release energy.
glycemic index ✔✔a method of classifying foods according to their potential for raising blood glucose
T or F: Removing fiber can increase a food's GI score. ✔✔True
glycemic load ✔✔quantity of the food consumed
What is the vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver? ✔✔Hepatic portal vein
What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a medium GI food? ✔✔GI score between 56 and 69
Which health benefit is attributed to soluble fiber? ✔✔Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease by binding to cholesterol particles
What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a high GI food? ✔✔GI score over 69
When would the body undergo the process of gluconeogenesis? ✔✔During periods in which ketones levels become depleted, the body can produce glucose from other carbohydrate sources like glycogen.
What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for men in the U.S.? ✔✔35 grams of fiber daily
What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for women in the U.S.? ✔✔28 grams of fiber daily
What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a low GI food? ✔✔GI score under 55
How much glycogen can the adult liver store? ✔✔25 grams per Kg
Which complex carbohydrate chain contains straight-chain structures? ✔✔Amylose
What disease associated with large intakes of fructose in inactive people has recently gained more attention as a health concern? ✔✔Non-alcoholic liver disease
What is the recommended amount of added sugar suggested by the American Heart Association for American adult women? ✔✔A limit of 6 added teaspoons
In which part of the body does carbohydrate digestion begin? ✔✔It begins in the mouth with salivary amylase.
The United States consumes more sugar than any other country in the world. From the options provided, what food category represents the largest source of sugar intake in the U.S. diet? ✔✔Beverages
