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NASM Personal Training
Certification Exam with correct
answers
Muscle imbalances - Correct answer ✔alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint Obesity - Correct answer ✔The condition of being considerably overweight, and refers to a person with a body mass index of 30 or greater, or who is at least 30 pounds over his or her recommended weight What is the BMI of a typical obese individual? - Correct answer ✔30 or greater Refers to a person with a body mass index of 25-29.9 or who is between 25- 30 pounds over the recommended weight - Correct answer ✔overweight These are also known as cholesterol and triglycerides and are carried in the bloodstream by protein molecules known as HDL and LDL - Correct answer ✔blood lipids
chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fats and proteins - Correct answer ✔diabetes mellitus a state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability - Correct answer ✔deconditioned the cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body positions and limb movement - Correct answer ✔proprioception an unstable physical situation in which exercises are performed that cause the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms (Examples include using stability balls and single-leg squats versus traditional) - Correct answer ✔proprioceptively enriched movement smaller divisions of training progressions that fall within the three building blocks of training - Correct answer ✔phases of training a muscle's ability to contract for an extended period - Correct answer ✔muscular endurance the ability of the neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion - Correct answer ✔neuromuscular efficiency
the ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response - Correct answer ✔integrative function the neuromuscular response to the sensory information - Correct answer ✔motor function the functional unit of the nervous system - Correct answer ✔neuron These neurons transmit nerve impulses from effector sites via receptors to the brain and spinal cord -- respond to touch, sound, light and other stimuli - Correct answer ✔sensory neurons transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another - Correct answer ✔interneurons transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites - Correct answer ✔motor neurons the portion of the nervous system the consists of the brain and spinal cord - Correct answer ✔central nervous system cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body - Correct answer ✔peripheral nervous system
sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion and pressure in body tissues - Correct answer ✔mechanoreceptors receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change - Correct answer ✔muscle spindles receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change - Correct answer ✔golgi tendon organs receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and declaration of the joint - Correct answer ✔joint receptors the body's framework, composed of bones and joints - Correct answer ✔skeletal system provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs - Correct answer ✔bones junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs - Correct answer ✔joints portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column - Correct answer ✔axial skeleton
a dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all bone - Correct answer ✔periosteum the central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored - Correct answer ✔medullar cavity cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bone - Correct answer ✔articular cartilage flattened or indented portions of bone, which can be muscle attachment sites - Correct answer ✔depressions projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach - Correct answer ✔processes a series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord - Correct answer ✔vertebral column 1st seven vertebrae starting at the top of the spinal column - Correct answer ✔cervical spine twelve vertebrae located in the upper/middle back behind the ribs - Correct answer ✔thoracic spine
five vertebrae of the low back below the thoracic spine - Correct answer ✔lumbar spine triangular bone located below the lumbar spine - Correct answer ✔sacrum located below the sacrum, more commonly known as the tailbone - Correct answer ✔coccyx more specific term for joint motion - Correct answer ✔anthrokinematics joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body - Correct answer ✔synovial joints this joint is a non-axial joint and is the simplest moving of all joints - Correct answer ✔gliding joint these joints because the condyle of one bone fits into the cavity of another bone to form the joint - Correct answer ✔condyloid joints uniaxial joint allowing movement predominantly in only the sagittal plane - Correct answer ✔hinge joint this joint is only found in the carpometacarpal joint in the thumb, allowing movement in two planes of motion - Correct answer ✔saddle joint
the deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers - Correct answer ✔endomysium connective tissue that attach muscle to bone and provide as an anchor for muscles to produce force - Correct answer ✔tendons the functional unit of a muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin - Correct answer ✔sarcomere the contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation - Correct answer ✔neural activation a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it activates - Correct answer ✔motor unit chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction the transmit impulses from nerve to muscle - Correct answer ✔neurotransmitters Type 1 muscle fibers, also known as _________________ muscle fibers have a high oxidative capacity and don't fatigue as easily - Correct answer ✔slow- twitch Type 2 muscle fibers, also known as _________________ muscle fibers have a low oxidative capacity and fatigue easily - Correct answer ✔fast-twitch
these hormones help prepare the body for activity and are participants in the "fight or flight" reflex - Correct answer ✔catecholamines in both men and women, this hormone plays a major role in the growth and repair of tissue - Correct answer ✔testosterone this hormone is referred to as a catabolic hormone and is associated with tissue breakdown - Correct answer ✔cortisol this hormone is primarily an anabolic hormone that is responsible for most growth and development during childhood up until puberty - Correct answer ✔growth hormones these hormones or responsible for carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism - Correct answer ✔thyroid hormones a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction - Correct answer ✔heart the space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs - Correct answer ✔mediastinum a specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate; aka the "pacemaker" of the heart - Correct answer ✔SA Node
the smallest blood vessels, and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and tissues - Correct answer ✔capillaries vessels that transport blood from the capillaries toward the heart - Correct answer ✔veins small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries - Correct answer ✔arterioles the very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins - Correct answer ✔venules a system of organs that collects oxygen form the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream - Correct answer ✔respiratory system skeletal structues and soft tissues that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration - Correct answer ✔respiratory pump the process of actively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body - Correct answer ✔inspiration the process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body - Correct answer ✔expiration
the process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body - Correct answer ✔diffusion the highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion - Correct answer ✔Maximal Oxygen Consumption ; VO max the study of energy in the human body - Correct answer ✔bioenergetics all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself -- process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used and disposed of the body - Correct answer ✔metabolism the examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise - Correct answer ✔exercise metabolism the material or substance on which an enzyme acts - Correct answer ✔substrates organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which are an important source of energy - Correct answer ✔carbohydrates a simple sugar manufactures by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein - Correct answer ✔glucose
the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces - Correct answer ✔biomechanics positioned above a point of reference - Correct answer ✔superior positioned below a point of reference - Correct answer ✔inferior positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference - Correct answer ✔proximal positioned farthest from the center of the body - Correct answer ✔distal on the front of the body - Correct answer ✔anterior/ventral on the back of the body - Correct answer ✔posterior/dorsal positioned near the middle of the body - Correct answer ✔medial positioned toward the outside of the body - Correct answer ✔lateral positioned on the opposite side of the body - Correct answer ✔contralateral
positioned on the same side of the body - Correct answer ✔ipsilateral divides the body into left and right halves - Correct answer ✔sagittal plane a bending in which the joint segments decrease - Correct answer ✔flexion a straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases - Correct answer ✔extension extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion - Correct answer ✔hyperextension divides the body into front and back halves - Correct answer ✔frontal plane movement away from the midline - Correct answer ✔abduction movement towards the midline - Correct answer ✔adduction divides the body into top and bottom halves - Correct answer ✔transverse planes rotation towards the middle of the body - Correct answer ✔internal rotation
when a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length - Correct answer ✔isometric muscle action when a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion - Correct answer ✔isokinetic muscle action an influence applied by one object to another, which results in acceleration or deceleration of the second object - Correct answer ✔force the resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length - Correct answer ✔length-tension relationship muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint - Correct answer ✔force-couple movement of the bones around the joints - Correct answer ✔rotary motion a force that produces rotation - Correct answer ✔torque motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli - Correct answer ✔motor behavior
how the CNS integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response - Correct answer ✔motor control integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements - Correct answer ✔motor learning the change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan - Correct answer ✔motor development groups of muscles that are recruited by the CNS to provide movement - Correct answer ✔Muscle synergies the cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movement - Correct answer ✔proprioception the cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement - Correct answer ✔sensorimotor integration the use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning - Correct answer ✔feedback
