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Subjective Information ✔✔Information that is gathered from a prospective client to give the health and fitness professional feedback regarding personal history such as occupation, lifestyle and medical background.
Program Design ✔✔A purposeful system or plan put together to help an individual achieve a specific goal.
Biomechanics ✔✔A study that uses principals of physics to quantitatively study how forces interact within a living body.
Dietary Supplement ✔✔A substance that completes or makes an addition to daily dietary intake.
Proprioceptively enriched environment ✔✔An unstable (but controlled) environment where exercises are performed that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms
Reactive Training ✔✔Exercises that use quick, powerful movements involving an eccentric contraction immediately followed by an explosive concentric contraction.
Obesity ✔✔Fastest growing health problem in the US
The Nervous System ✔✔It is a conglomeration of billions of cells forming nerves that are specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body
nervous system, skeletal system and muscular system ✔✔kinetic chain
Heart ✔✔Muscular pump that rhythmically contracts to push blood throughout the body
Dynamic Joint Stabilization ✔✔The ability of the kinetic chain to stabilize a joint during movement.
Speed ✔✔The ability to move the body in one intended direction as fast as possible.
Superior ✔✔Positioned above a point of reference.
Dynamic Range of Motion ✔✔The combination of flexibility and the nervous system's ability to control this range efficiently.
General Adaptation Syndrome ✔✔The kinetic chain's ability to adapt to stresses placed on it.
Multisensory Condition ✔✔Training environment that provides heightened stimulation to proprioceptors and mechanoreceptors.
Cardiorespiratory system ✔✔A system comprised of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Rate of Force Production ✔✔Ability of muscles to exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time.
Acute Variables ✔✔Important components that specify how each exercise is to be performed.
Inferior ✔✔Positioned below a point of reference.
sensory function ✔✔The ability to sense changes in either external or internal environments
Neromuscular efficiency ✔✔The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to work synergistically and control the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) ✔✔The average daily nutrient intake level that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals who are in a particular life stage and gender group.
Controlled Instability ✔✔Training environment that is unstable as can safely be controlled by an individual.
Blood Vessel ✔✔A hollow tube that allows blood to be transported to and from the heart
General Warm-Up ✔✔A low intensity exercise consisting of movements that do not necessarily relate to the more intense exercise that is to follow.
Deconditioned ✔✔A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and/or a lack of core and joint stability
Specific Warm-Up ✔✔Low intensity exercise consisting of movements that mimic those that will be included in the more intense exercise that is to follow
Mediastinum ✔✔The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest, except the lungs.
Motor function ✔✔Neuromuscular response to sensory information
Dynamic Functional Flexibility ✔✔Multiplanar soft tissue extensibility with optimal neuromuscular efficiency throughout the full range of motion.
Anterior (or Ventral) ✔✔On the front of the body.
Alarm Reaction ✔✔The initial reaction to a stressor.
Osteopenia ✔✔The precursor to osteoporosis. indicated by reduced bone mass.
Capillaries ✔✔The smallest blood vessel that is the location where substances such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are exchanged between tissues
Set ✔✔A group of consecutive repetitions.
Muscle Imbalance ✔✔Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint
Osteoporosis ✔✔Condition in which there is a decrease in bone mass and density as well as an increase in the space between bones, resulting in porosity and fragility.
Posterior (or dorsal) ✔✔On the back of the body.
Postural distortion patterns ✔✔Predictable pattern of muscle imbalances
The Central Nervous System ✔✔Sensory/Afferent neurons transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to
Medial ✔✔Positioned near the middle of the body
Exhaustion ✔✔Prolonged stress or stress that is intolerable and will produce this distress to the system.
Prime mover ✔✔The muscle that acts as the main source of motive movement
Relative Flexibility ✔✔The tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance during functional movement patterns
Periodization ✔✔Division of a training program into smaller, progressive stages
Arthritis ✔✔Inflammatory condition that mainly affects the joints.
Motor/efferent neurons ✔✔Transmits information from cns to effector sites
Lateral ✔✔Refers to a position relatively farther away from the midline of the body or towards the outside of the body.
Repetition Tempo ✔✔Power: explosive (x/x/x) Strength: Moderate (2/0/2) Stabilization: Slow, emphasizing eccentric, concentric, and isometric muscle groups. (4/2/1)
Altered Reciprocal Inhibition ✔✔The concept of muscle inhibition, caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist.
Proprioception ✔✔The cumulative neural input to the central nervous system from mechanoreceptors that senses position and limb movement
Arteries ✔✔Vessels that transport blood away from the heart
Central Nervous System ✔✔Composed of the brain and spinal cord & it interprets information
Rheumatoid Arthritis ✔✔Degenerative joint disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues.
Ventricles ✔✔_____ are chambers located inferiorly on either side of the heart.
Cancer ✔✔Any of various types of malignant neoplasms, most of which invade surrounding tissues, may spread to several sites and are likely to recur after attempted removal.
relay info to and from brain ✔✔12 cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and sensory receptors
Ipsilateral ✔✔Positioned on the same side of the body
Mechanical Specificity ✔✔Refers to the weight and movements placed on the body.
Intermuscular Coordination ✔✔The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow all muscles to work together with proper activation and timing between them.
Agility ✔✔The ability to accelerate, decelerate, stabilize, and change direction quickly, while maintaining proper posture
Arthrokinematics ✔✔The motions of joints in the body
Arthrokinematic Dysfunction ✔✔Altered forces at the joint that result in abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication at the joint
Sagittal Plane ✔✔An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.
Neuromuscular Specificity ✔✔Refers to the speed of contraction and exercise selection.
Quickness ✔✔The ability to react and change body position with maximum rate of force production, in all planes of motion, from all body positions, during functional activities.
Restrictive lung disease ✔✔The condition where ability to expand lungs is decreased
Training Intensity ✔✔An individuals level of effort, compared with their maximal effort, which is usually expressed as a percentage.
Strength ✔✔The ability of the neuromuscular system to produce internal tension to overcome an external force.
Expiration ✔✔The exhalation of air during the process of breathing
Extension ✔✔The Straightening of a joint, causing the angle to the joint to increase.
Lipids ✔✔A group of compounds that includes triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, and sterols.
Frontal Plane ✔✔An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves.
Golgi Tendon Organs ✔✔Sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change. musculotendinous junction. sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change. causes relaxation to prevent xs stress/injury.
Bioenergetics ✔✔Looks at how chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy
Autogenic Inhibition ✔✔The process when neural impulses that sense tension is greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles.
Aerobic ✔✔An action that occurs in the presence of oxygen
Pattern Overload ✔✔Constantly repeating the same pattern of motion, which may place abnormal stresses on the body.
Joint Receptors ✔✔In and around joint capsule. Responds to pressure, acceleration and deceleration of joint. signals extreme joint positions. Initiates reflexive inhibitory response in surrounding muscles.
Abduction ✔✔Movement of a body part away from the middle of the body (in the frontal plane).
Axial skeleton ✔✔skull, rib cage, vertebral column 80 bones
Adenosine triphosphate ✔✔Cellular structure that serves as a storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body for energy
Static stretching ✔✔The process of passively taking a muscle to the point on tension and holding the stretch for a minimum of 20 sec
Stability ✔✔The ability of the body to maintain postural equilibrium and support joints during movements.
Inspiration ✔✔The inhalation of air during the process of breathing
Anaerobic ✔✔An action that is not dependent on oxygen for proper execution
External Rotation ✔✔Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body.
Strength Endurance ✔✔The ability of the body to repeatedly produce high levels of force for prolonged periods.
Hypertrophy ✔✔Enlargement of skeletal muscle fibers in response to overcoming force from high volumes of tension
Active isolated Stretching ✔✔The process of using agonists and synergists to dynamically move the joint into a range of motion
Bones ✔✔These form junctions that are connected by muscles and connective tissue.
Maximal Strength ✔✔The maximum force that a muscle can produce in a single, voluntary effort, regardless of velocity.
Joints ✔✔Sites where movement occurs as a result of muscle contraction.
Training Frequency ✔✔The number of training sessions performed during a specified period (usually 1 week)
Arterioles ✔✔Small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries
Training Duration ✔✔The time frame of a workout (including warm-up and cool-down) or the length of time spent in one phase of training.
