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What is self-efficacy? ANSWERV V An individual's’ belief in their capabilities to carry out a specific task in order to achieve a desired outcome Jose is recommended to cut out regular soda consumption. Replacing it with water is ideal, but swapping in diet/zero-calorie soft drinks is also allowed. What behavioral intervention does this strategy reflect? ANSWERY V Restriction Where appropriate, which type of exercise should be prioritize? ANSWERY ¥ Multi-joint exercises Which of the following is true regarding resistance training and weight loss? ANSWERV J Resistance training may maintain or reduce the loss of FFM during weight loss. What may help to better regulate energy intake? ANSWERV V High energy expenditure/high physical activity What is calorie density? ANSWERV ¥ The amount of calories per weight or volume of food What is the asymmetric model of set point theory? ANSWERV V The body's signals to resist an energy deficit are stronger than to resist an energy surplus. In which ways can resistance training increase TDEE? ANSWERV ¥ Energy expended during training session, increase in RMR during recovery, and possible improvement in NEAT What role do genes play in the obesity epidemic? ANS WERV ¥V A combination of genes can determine a person's susceptibility to becoming obese in the modern-day food environment. Why is adopting new cating habits more effective than advising the client to stop certain behaviors? ANSWERV V New eating habits will prevent poor dietary behaviors. Alternate day fasting is superior to daily calorie restriction for which outcome? ANSWERV V Weight loss Gina is a 51-year-old woman who has been working with you for the past 2 weeks. During a training session, she says that lately she has been snacking a great deal at night after dinner. She asks you for advice. What would be the most appropriate response as a coach? ANSWERV¥ Ask Gina to review her reasons for snacking and her earlier intake. Is she snacking because she is hungry, bored, or stressed? Did she cat cnough at dinner? Which movement pattern does research suggest is predictive of the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in individuals who practice physical exertion? ANSWERYV ¥ Squatting Which of the following statements best describes the role of a WLS in a fitness setting? ANSWERV ¥ The WLS is a fitness specialist and a coach to clients who are secking significant weight loss. Angela is on a weight loss plan and needs to consume fewer calories to be in a caloric deficit? What is one recommended strategy? ANSWERV ¥V Replace simple carbohydrate foods such as rice and pasta with whole vegetables. In which cases is it likely a good idea to avoid taking body weight measurements? ANSWERVV With clients who report negative emotion, stress, or feelings of stigma based on body composition evaluation How is uptake of cortisol into tissue affected by obesity? ANSWERV V Uptake is increased. Bill is a client you have been working with over the past 6 weeks. At your recent session, he expressed feeling frustrated that he has hit a plateau and seems unable to lose any more weight. He asks you to give him a meal plan with macronutrient targets to follow. What would be the appropriate response to Bill? ANSWERV V Express understanding of his frustration and explain that it is not within your scope of practice to provide a meal plan but that you can review factors in his diet that may be contributing to a plateau. Which of the following happens to NEAT with weight loss? ANSWERV V It decreases more than expected based on the weight loss alone. Which of the following represents the largest portion of energy expenditure in most people? ANSWERV ¥V RMR What is integrated training? ANSWERV V A strategy that combines all forms of exercise in a systematic and progressive fashion. What term describes the feeling of fullness that persists after eating a meal? ANSWERV J Satiety The rates of youth obesity have increased how much since the 1970s? ANSWERV ¥ 4-fold What is happening to the rates of obesity around the world? ANSWERV V They are increasing. Why might it be problematic to use the "1 Ib. fat = 3,500 kcal rule" to set weight loss targets? ANSWERYV ¥ The rule often overestimates the amount of weight loss that will occur. Being able to relate to another person's feelings or emotions by "putting yourself in someone else's shoes," refers to which term? ANSWERV ¥ Empathy What mechanism drives the blunting of the reward system among people with obesity? ANSWERY ¥ Downregulation of dopamine receptors What are the two primary, modifiable factors that play a key role in weight management? ANSWERV ¥ Physical activity and diet A long-term client has indicated that every morning on arriving to work he goes to the breakroom for coffee and is often tempted by donuts that co-workers routinely bring in. Enjoying the taste of the donuts every morning would be an example of which of the following? ANSWERV ¥ Reward If a client has no exercise history, then what should a fitness professional recommend? ANSWERY ¥ Gradually introduce the client to exercise and progress the workload over time. What term is used to describe muscles on each side of a joint having altered length-tension relationships. ANSWERV ¥ Muscle imbalance How does decision fatigue affect an individual's decision making? ANSWERV V They have a tendency to choose the simplest option rather than the best option. The majority of calories in the average U.S. dict are contributed by what class of foods? ANSWERV ¥ Ultraprocessed foods Vanessa is recommended to avoid/limit consuming meals at airports on the days she travels. What behavioral intervention does this strategy reflect? ANSWERV V Restriction Michael started a resistance training program without a change in diet. Which of the following is most likely to happen? ANSWERV ¥ Michael experiences an increase in FFM and a loss in fat. Body weight remains stable. What is the recommended intake for sodium? ANSWERV V Less than 2300mg per day Which of the following is true regarding the impact of cardiorespiratory training on TFM? ANSWER ¥ Studies show mixed results, with some showing better maintenance of FFM while others do not. What percentage of TDEE does TEPA make up? ANSWERV ¥V 15 to 50% depending on activity levels The behavioral dimension of body image would cause which of the following to happen? ANSWERV*V A client decides to increase their exercise intensity and make healthier food choices due to having poor body image. Steve is a former football player with a BMI of 41 kg/m2. During the overhead squat assessment, he indicates some pain in his knees but says he can push through the pain. What should the Weight Loss Specialist do? ANS WERV Vv Consider modifying the assessment with a reduced squat depth to see if that minimizes pain. Which of the following dietary assessments has the advantage of allowing the client to provide what they interpret as their typical food and beverage intake over the course of a day’? ANSWERVV Usual Intake of Food and Beverage What is the righting reflex? ANS WERV V Wanting to "make things right" when a problem is identified What is an example of a non-quantified energy restriction method? ANSWERV ¥ Limiting portion sizes Which type of self-esteem refers to how someone feels about their relationships with others, including peers and significant others? ANSWERV ¥ Social self-esteem Angela is recommended to limit her snacking frequency to 2 snacks per day. Special attention to be paid during busy work times and when preparing snacks for the family. What behavioral intervention does this strategy reflect? ANSWERV ¥ Restriction A client wants to begin a new eating plan before the holidays begin so they don't gain weight. What strategy would you recommend to the client to help them adhere with the new eating plan? ANSWERV ¥ Dietary self-monitoring An approach to diet that is characterized by all-or-nothing thinking or that labels foods as "bad" can be described as an example of what? ANSWERV ¥ Rigid dietary restraint What percent of current food intake occurs outside the home? ANSWERV V 0.6 Anti-depressants are used among what percent of U.S. individuals aged 12 or older? ANSWERVV 0.13 When working with an obese client, which of the following may cause circumference measurement errors? ANSWERV ¥ The inability to identify anatomical landmarks Vanessa is 5'10" and weighs 195 pounds. Her movement assessment revealed several deviations from optimal patterns. What should the Weight Loss Specialist tell her about the findings? ANSWERV V That these assessments are used to identify whenever a movement differs from an ideal pattern and helps inform programming decisions Which of the following is a common characteristic of people who have successfully maintained their weight loss in the long-term? ANSWERV V High levels of physical activily After reviewing the answers provided on the Sleep Questionnaire, it appears that a new weight loss client has trouble falling and staying asleep and may only get a few hours of sleep per night on average. What should the Weight Loss Specialist do with this information? Select one: ANSWER V Confirm the answers with the client and suggest they follow-up with their physician about how to improve their overall sleep experience. As a Nutrition Coach, you'll do the following: ANSWERV ¥ Have an actionable, proven method for helping clients reach their personal health and wellness goals with your professional guidance. Leverage nutrition education to increase client success, reduce turnover, and maximize adherence. Work with face-to-face or online clients. By successfully completing this chapter, the Nutrition Coach will have the ability to do the following: ANSWERV ¥ Describe the role of'a Nutrition Coach. Identify professional expectations for Nutrition Coaches. Define scope of practice for the nutrition professional. Differentiate among related nutrition professions and the expectations and limitations of each. Determine when to refer clients to another professional. Scope of Practice ANSWERV ¥V The actions, procedures, and processes thal a professional is allowed to undertake in keeping with the terms of the professional's license or credential. Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) ANSWERV V This term is used interchangeably with a Registered Dietitian (RD) and it is also a legally protected designation. Certified ANSWER ¥ Certification is granted to a person who has participated in an educational course (either live or online) and successfully completed a standardized test: written, practical, or both. Nutritionist ANSWERV V A generic term for someone who provides nutrition counseling - certification and licensing parameters are vague. The healthcare system incorporates the following disciplines: ANSWERV V Hospitals, emergency clinics, and trauma centers Ambulatory care centers, including personal physicians and specialists Therapists, including physical therapists. cardiac rchab professionals, massage therapists, and bariatric specialists Ancillary facilities, including dentists and ophthalmologists Behavioral health specialties, including psychiatrists, psychologists, addictions specialists, and social workers Alternative medicine practitioners (licensed), including chiropractors, acupuncture physicians, and massage therapists Long-term care, including home health and hospice Health and fitness specialties, including personal trainers, performance specialists, Nutrition Coaches, and group exercise instructors The Nutrition Coach CANNOT ANSWERY ¥ Provide specific meal plans and daily menus. Prescribe specific supplements or recommend vitamins and/or mineral dosages. Suggest drastic caloric restriction. Promote fasting, detoxification, or other extreme nutritional practices. Prescribe diets that omit or severely restrict certain food groups. In anyway, go against recommendations of licensed healthcare professionals. Provide detailed nutritional plans for athletes who participate in extreme training programs (Le., Lronman triathletes or ultra-marathoners). Prescribe dietary plans for those with chronic health conditions (i.¢., diabetes or heart c). diss Provide nutrition therapy to treat or prevent disease. Provide exercise prescriptions or detailed programming (unless already certified as a personal trainer). The Nutrition Coach CAN ANSWERY V Evaluate current eating plans and provide general guidance. Recommend the client discuss supplement use with their personal registered dietitian nutritionist, physician, or pharmacist. Promote caloric guidelines outlined by the USDA's MyPlate, the United Kingdom's Eatwell Guide, or other acceptable entities. Recommend gradual dietary modifications and consistent dietary practices. Discuss the importance of a balanced intake of macronutrients. Refer back to the client's personal healthcare provider when necessary. Offer nutritional guidelines for anyone wanting to participate in typical athletic pursuits (i.e. masters swimming or a 10K run). Provide guidance for healthy populations. Offer advice on eating behaviors and/or macronutrients that are known to reduce the risk of disease or slow disease progression. Offer exercise and physical activity guidelines. A few examples of key items to cover could include questions around the following: ANSWERY ¥ Client nutritional goals Personal stumbling blocks The SCOFF Questions ANSWERV ¥ Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full? Do you worry that you have lost Control over how much you eat? Have you recently lost more than One stone (14 Ibs) in a 3-month period? Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are too thin? Would you say that Food dominates your life? Hypoglycemia ANSWERV ¥ A condition of an abnormally low blood glucose (blood sugar) level in the blood. What is an open-ended question? ANSWERV/V A question that cannot be answered with a yes or no and requires more detail The roles and responsibilities of a WLS fall into four key areas in program design. These are: ANSWERV ¥ Assessment, Education, Implementation, and Intervention Which of the following assessments is self-guided and consists of risk stratification and a decision tree to help determine if participating in physical activity or a fitness assessment is considered safe? ANSWERY ¥ Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire They found out what worked for them; there was no universal change. ANSWERV / According to the National Weight Control Registry, what change did every participant make to successfully maintain weight loss? Jose consumes two 500m! bottles of cola per day. What is a recommended strategy to reduce his caloric intake from sugary beverages? ANSWERV ¥ Switch to dict soda In most calorie-restricted diets that lead to weight loss, approximately how much of the weight lost is from the loss of lean body mass (LBM)? ANSWERV ¥ 0.25 What is the purpose of the Arrange step in the 5 A's framework? ANSWERV ¥ To establish accountability established through regular (weekly) follow-up on progress. In terms of social influence, which of the following describes when people change their behavior to behave more like other people? ANSWERV V Conformity The median age of the U.S. population has risen by how many years since 1970? ANSWERVV 10 Fat soluble vitamins are often lower in obese individuals for what reason? ANSWERV 4 Sequestered into fat tissue BMI may miss what percent of people who are considered medically overfat when their BMI is below 30? ANSWERVV About 50% One of the roles of a WLS is to be a coach to clients on their weight loss journey. Which of the following best describes the role of a coach in this context? ANSWERV V A fitness professional who is a mentor and guide to the client, helps the client identify and address obstacles in their weight loss goals, and provides support and accountability through the client's journey Which of the following are the main objectives of the client intake process? ANSWERV / To gain insight on where the client is mentally and physically What percent body fat is considered essential for women? ANSWERV V 10 to 13% What is TEF? ANSWERV ¥ The energy expended to digest food Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between RMR and body weight change? ANSWERV ¥ A person with a low RMR relative to body size is not more likely to gain weight than someone with a high RMR relative to body size. What are the five key areas to address when implementing a weight loss program for a client? ANSWERVV¥ The client's needs and schedule, program timeline, measurement parameters, education timeline, and modification options What are the three components of evidence-based practice? ANSWERV V Research evidence, professional expertise, and client preferences. John has been losing weight but he is fecling extremely hungry. Which of the following steps might John take to help mitigate some of his hunger? ANSWER¥ ¥ Decrease intake of ultra-processed foods. Which of the following would be a reason to assess a new client's sleep pattern? ANSWERY ¥ To determine if a client's sleep pattern is a potential barrier to weight loss What is the purpose of the Assess step in the 5 A's framework. ANSWERV ¥ To collect baseline information about the client and to identify their willingness to pursue weight loss. What disease has a 250% higher risk of occurring among people with obesity? ANSWERV V Diabetes Which of the following is a typical metabolic adaptation to dicting? ANSWERV 4 Decrease in the hormone leptin When is the most appropriate time to reduce a client's target caloric intake? ANSWERV / If there is no change (< 0.5% drop) in body weight for at least 2 consecutive weeks How does weight stigmatization affect willpower in persons with obesity? ANSWERV V It lowers willpower and increases the likelihood of maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. Aficr determining what potential changes to a clicnt's dict could be made, what action should the fitness professional take? ANS WERV/ V Translate these targets into food-based recommendations that the client can understand and implement. What percent of people with obesity show a normal metabolic profile? ANSWERV V < 10% What condition dictates the avoidance of sclf-myofascial techniques. ANS WERV 4 Peripheral neuropathy 
