National Programme for Control of Blindness(NPCB), Slides of Nursing

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NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR

CONTROL OF BLINDNESS(NPCB)

Dr. NAVYA KRISHNA 1 ST YEAR PG DEPT. OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE

OUTLINE

• DEFINITIONS
• BURDEN
• GOALS & OBJECTIVES
• STRATEGIES
• ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
• DISTRICT BLINDNESS CONTROL SOCIETY (DBCS) - ACTIVITIES OF NPCB - NEW INITIATIVES UNDER THE PROGRAM - EXTERNALLY AIDED PROJECTS - VISION 2020

TYPES OF BLINDNESS

1.Economic Blindness 2.Social Blindness 3.Manifest Blindness 4.Absolute Blindness 5.Curable Blindness 6.Preventable Blindness 7.Avoidable Blindness

• Visual Acuity:-
  • Sharpness of vision, measured as maximum distance a person can see a certain object, divided by the maximum distance at which a person with normal sight can see the same object
• Economic blindness:-
  • Inability of a person to count fingers from a distance of 6 meters or 20 feet.

• Curable blindness:-
  • That stage of blindness where the damage is reversible by prompt management e.g. cataract
• Preventable blindness:-
  • The loss of vision that could have been completely prevented by institution of effective preventive or prophylactic measures.eg:- xerophtalmia,Trachoma Avoidable blindness: -
• The sum total of preventable or curable blindness is often referred to as avoidable blindness.

Comparison of WHO and NPCB definitions

WHO-ICD VISUAL ACUITY NPCB LOW VISION Category (1) <6/18 - 6/60 Low vision Category (2) <6/60 - 3/60 Economic blindness BLINDNESS Category (3) <3/60 – 1/60 Social blindness Category (4) <1/60-perception of light Manifest blindness Category (5) No perception of light Absolute blindness

• Globally, uncorrected refractive errors are the main cause of moderate and severe visual impairment.
• Cataracts remain the leading cause of blindness in middle and low income countries.
• 80 % of all visual impairment can be prevented or cured.
• Prevalence is highest in African continent (avg. of 1.2%) followed by Asia (0.75%) and Latin America (0.5%).

• Prevalence of blindness i. > 50 years was 8.5%. ii. childhood blindness is 0.8/1000.
• In children 5 to 15 years of age the Visual Impairment is 6.4% I am not able to read properly

Causes of Blindness in India

Major causes of Blindness

• Cataract
• Uncorrected refractive errors
• Glaucoma
• Corneal opacity Causes of Childhood Blindness - Uncorrected refractive errors - Vitamin A deficiency - Developmental Cataract - Retinal conditions - Optic Atrophy - Congenital Anomalies

PROGRAMME

INDIA was the first country in the world to launch National level Blindness control program.

• 1976 : NPCB launched as 100% centrally sponsored programme.
• 1994-95: Programme decentralized with formation of District blindness control society(DBCS) in each district.

GOALS

• To reduce the prevalence of blindness from 1.49% (1986-89) to <0.3% by 2020.
• To establish an infrastructure efficiency to cater new cases of blindness each year to prevent future backlog.

• To enhance Community Awareness on eye care and lay stress on preventive measures.
• Increase and expand Research for prevention of blindness and visual impairment.
• To secure participation of Voluntary Organizations/Private Practitioners in eye Care.

STRATEGIES

• Continued emphasis on free Cataract Surgeries.
• Emphasis on Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Corneal transplantation, Vitreo retinal surgeries, Childhood Blindness.
• Active screening of population above 50 years of age.
• Screening of school children for identification and treatment of Refractory errors