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Officer safety - ansa concept that combines command presence, situational awareness, and a survival mindset Command presence - ansprojecting a positive self-image that earns the respect of offenders and the public you serve; the way your carry yourself Situational awareness - ansthe understanding of the totality of your cirucmstances and surroundings, it also contributes to officer safety and requires maintaining a high level of alertness at all times Positioning - ansplacing yourself in a tactically advantageous location where you can best use your senses to determine what is occurring in your vicinity, while remaining in a safe place Complacency - ansan overly comfortable or relaxed state of mind, which may lull you into a false sense of safety and security Survival mindset - ansa mental attitude to manage stress during dangerous situations, requiring you to actively control yourself by being prepared to survive, being able to control your fees, managing your emotions, and putting your ego aside Cover - anssuch as automobile engine blocks, brick walls, dirt embankments, concrete, steel, and thick wood which can protect you from incoming gunfire Concealment - anscan provide camouflage but will not stop incoming gunfire Community-policing - anspromotes organizational strategies that support the systemic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques to proactively address public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime Organizational Transformation - ansthe orientation of command staff at all levels to support community partnerships and practice problem-solving Community-policing problem solving - ansthe proactive examination of community problems to develop and evaluate effective criminal justice responses Community-policing partnerships - ansincrease understanding and trust between you and community members which may include law enforcement, government, and community representatives Interagency agreement - ansa formalized agreement template that contains the principles of the community-policing partnership Local criminal justice partnerships can include: - anspolice departments, sheriff's offices, code enforcement, animal control State criminal justice partnerships can include: - ansFDLE, FHP, DCF, FWC Federal criminal justice partnerships can include: - ansICE, Department of Treasury & Secret Service, United States Marshals Service, FBI Planned compliance initiative - ansa planned community corrections initiative that often involve other criminal justice agencies and targets specific groups of offenders to determine if they are complying with their terms of supervision
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Community control planned compliance initiative - ansconducted at atypical hours to ensure offender compliance with house arrest and other special conditions imposed by statute or supervision order Sec offender planned compliance initiative - ansconducted for residence verification and include walk-through visual inspections and searches of living quarters to ensure compliance with conditions of supervision and to ensure that offenders are not in possession of pornography, children, or items that attract children Ride-alongs - ansrefers to a probation officer riding in a patrol car in the field with a law enforcement officer Physical signs of substance abuse can include: - ansbloodshot eyes, sudden weight loss/gain, deterioration of physical appearance, poor grooming habits, tremors, slurred speech, or impaired coordination Behavioral signs of substance abuse can include: - anspoor work and school performance, financial problems, sudden change in friends, family, and hobbies, frequently engaging in fights and illegal activities Psychological signs of substance abuse can include: - ansunexplained change in personality and attitude, sudden mood swings and irritability, lack of motivation, appearing lethargic fearful, anxious, paranoid Examples of depressants include: - ansXanax, valium, GHB Examples of stimulants include: - ansamphetamines, cocaine, crystal meth Examples of inhalants include: - ansglues, aerosols, vapors Examples of hallucinogens include: - ansLSD, PCP Substance use - anscan include having a casual drink with friends, taking a prescribed drug according to label directions, or taking aspirin daily to prevent heart disease Substance abuse - ansthe continued misuse of substances that negatively affect the mind and body and adversely affects an individual's social or occupational life and psychological or physical health Substance dependence - ansthe compulsive abuse of substances, where the use has no choice but to continue to consume the substance because of uncontrollable physical or psychosocial addiction Drug tolerance - ansoccurs when a person needs to increase the dosage of the drug to produce the same effect as the initial dosage, often leads to substance dependence Psychological dependence - ansoccurs when a person feels that he or she needs drugs to cope with problems function better in life, or feel happier Physical dependence - ansoccurs when a person is chemically and physically dependent upon the substance to maintain normal functioning, not just of the central nervous system, but of all systems Addiction - ansa state of physical or psychological dependence on a substance Withdrawal - ansrefer to the physical and mental symptoms that occur after a person stops or reduces the chronic use of a drug
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Paraphernalia related to the use of cocaine and crack can include: - ansmirrors, razor blades, pipes, scales, straws or rolled paper money, white rocks Indicators of use of cocaine and crack can include: - ansfrequent sniffing or bloody nose, increased energy, talking rapidly, paranoia, dilated pupils, hyperactivity Paraphernalia related to the use of MDMA and ecstasy can include: - ansblow pops, baby pacifiers, plastic bags, aspirin-sized various colored pills Indicators of the use of MDMA and ecstasy can include: - ansteeth grinding, seizures, euphoria, abundant energy, aggressive sexual behavior, physical touching and massaging, profuse respiration, body overheating Paraphernalia of the use of heroin can include: - anshypodermic needles, bottle caps, tin foil, pipes, tourniquets, white or brown crystalline powder or liquid Indicators of the use of heroin can include; - ansneedle marks on body, sweating, vomiting, twitching, loss of appetite, no response of pupils to light Paraphernalia of the use of prescription drugs can include: - ansOxycontin, Percocet, Valium, Xanax, and other prescription bottles Indicators of the use of prescription drugs can include: - ansappears drunk as if from alcohol but without the odor of alcohol, poor judgment, slurred speech, sleepiness, contracted pupils Paraphernalia of the use of alcohol can include: - ansempty bottles or containers, strong odors Indicators of the use of alcohol can include: - ansclumsiness, difficulty walking, slurred speech, sleepiness, poor judgment, impairment of motor skills Common methods offenders use to manufacture methamphetamine are: - ansthe one pot "shake and bake", red phosphorus, "Nazi" (anhydrous ammonia) HAZMAT - ansany substance or material that when release may cause harm, serious injury, or death to humans or animals, or may harm the environment Department of Transportation ERG - ansa resource guide that will aid you in quickly identifying specific or common hazards of materials involved during a HAZMAT incident (ERG) Class 1 Explosives - ansexposure to heat, shock or contamination could result in thermal and mechanical hazards (ERG) Class 2 gases - anscontainer may rupture violently under pressure (or as a result of a fire); may become flammable, poisonous, a corrosive, an asphyxiate, and an oxidizer; may cause frostbite (ERG) Class 3 flammable and combustible liquids - anscontainer may rupture violently from heat or fire; may be corrosive, toxic, and thermally unstable (ERG) Class 4 flammable solids - anssome are spontaneously flammable; may be water reactive, toxic, and corrosive; may be extremely difficult to extinguish (ERG) Class 5 oxidizing substances - anssupport their own combustion through using oxygen; sensitive to heat, shock, direction, and contamination (ERG) Class 6 poisons and infectious substances - anstoxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin and eye absorption; may be flammable (ERG) Class 7 radioactive substances - ansmay cause burns and biologic effects; can cause contamination of surroundings (ERG) Class 8 corrosives - anscause disintegration of contacted tissues; may be fuming, water reactive, and destructive to metals
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(ERG) Class 9 other regulated materials (ORM) - anslithium batteries, dry ice, aerosol cans, asbestos, fish meal, cotton, engines containing fuel or batteries Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - ansrequired for any hazardous substance shipped and must be located where a potential HAZMAT is stored or used and is essential for identifying and understanding information regarding a HAZMAT Which Florida Statute defines domestic violence as "any assault, aggravated assault, battery, aggravated battery, sexual assault, sexual battery, stalking, aggravated stalking, kidnapping, false imprisonment, or any criminal offense resulting in physical injury or death of one family or household member by another family or household member"? - ans741.28, F.S. 4 steps in the cycle of abuse - anstensions building, incident, reconciliation, calm What Florida Statute requires you to document the domestic violence incident with a written report? - ans741.29, F.S. Which Florida Statute outlines injunction for protection against domestic violence for people who meet the statutory definition of a family or household member who is the victim of domestic violence? - ans741.30, F.S. Which Florida Statute outlines injunction for protection against stalking pursuant for people who are the victim of stalking and also helps the parent or legal guardian of a minor child who is living at home who is seeking an injunction for protection against stalking? - ans784.0485, F.S. Which Florida Statute outlines injunctions for protection against dating violence, repeat violence, and sexual violence? - ans784.046, F.S. Which Florida Statute defines the elements of child abuse, neglect, and abandonment? - ans827, F.S. Abuse - ansany willful act or threatened act that results in any physical, mental, or sexual injury or harm that causes or is likely to cause the child's physical, mental, or emotional health to be significantly impaired Child neglect - ansoccurs when a caregiver deprives a child of, or allows the deprivation of, necessary food, clothing, shelter, or medical treatment, or allows the child to live in an environment when such deprivation or environment causes the child's physical, mental, or emotional health to be significantly impaired or to be in danger of being significantly impaired Harm - ansdeliberately inflicting physical injuries such as asphyxiation, drowning, burns, lacerations, fractures Physical injury - ansis death, permanent or temporary disfigurement, or impairment of any body part Mental injury - ansan injury to the intellectual or psychological capacity of a child as evidenced by a discernible and substantial impairment in the ability to function within the normal range of performance and behavior Culpable negligence - ansis more than a failure to use ordinary care for others; it is gross and flagrant negligence, committed with an utter disregard for safety of others; consciously doing an act or following a course of conduct the suspect must have known, or reasonably should have known, was likely to cause death or great bodily harm
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Alien - ansa citizen of another country who is not a United States and has entered the United States legally Illegal alien - ansa citizen of another country who entered the United States without inspection at a border crossing or airport with fraudulent documents; or legally entered as a nonimmigrant but then violated that statute and remained without authority What should you fill out and submit to your supervisor prior to going out into the field? - ansItinerary/Travel Log Walk-through visual inspection - ansprovides the opportunity to obtain an awareness of the offender, identify common areas, and check his or her belongings. this is performed through plain view observation and does not require that you move any objects or open closet doors to inspect for illegal items Unplanned searches - ansoften result from a walk-through visual inspection and do not require a warrant, but do however require permission from your supervisor and backup from law enforcement Warrantless planned search - ansan unannounced search used to ensure the offender's compliance with court orders and are often performed after receiving a tip from law enforcement that provides information elated to a violation of probation Which Florida Statute mandates that offenders must submit to a warrantless search by the probation officer of his or her person, residence, or vehicle? - ans948.30, F.S. Strip/line search pattern - ansusually used outside by several people where they divide the search area into lanes and have one or more people search each lane by moving in both directions, examining all areas Grid search pattern - ansoften used indoors; a variation of the strip/line search patter where searchers overlap a series of lanes in a cross pattern, making the search more methodical and thorough Pie/wheel search pattern - ansentails dividing the area into a number of wedge-shaped sections, which are usually searched using the strip/line search pattern, typically used for extremely large areas Spiral search pattern - ansusually used outside by one person. the searcher begins at a certain point and walks in increasingly large circles to the outermost boundary for the search area Zone/quadrant search pattern - ansused for vehicle searches, outdoors, or a large area. divide the area into four different sections and search each using one of the other four search patterns Conveyance search - anssearches applied to offender property such as a vehicle, RV, or boat Testimonial evidence - ansverbal evidence solicited or volunteered from a witness, victim, or offender admission Documentary evidence - answritten or printed evidence offered to prove or disprove a fact, such as an offender's written admission Physical evidence - answeapons, electronics, nothing, and any other physical items from which you can infer a violation of probation. may also include biological or toxicological evidence Child erotica - ansany material relating to children that, for an offender, serves a sexual purpose Child pornography - ansany picture, photograph, and videotape, published or unpublished, electronic or "hard copy" that depicts a child being sexually exploited or sexually abused on a captured image
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Examples of trace evidence can include: - anshairs, fibers, clothing, glass, wood, soil, dirt Examples of biological and touch DNA evidence can include: - ansblood, semen, saliva, bones, teeth, hair Examples of impression evidence can include: - ansfingerprints, tire tracks, footprints, bite marks, tool marks Examples of firearms evidence can include: - answeapons, cartridge cases, gunshot residue Examples of electronic evidence can include: - anscomputers, cell phones, thumb drives, external hard drives, CD's and DVD's, GPS devices Examples of topological evidence can include: - ansblood alcohol levels, drug test results, poisons Examples of questioned documents evidence can include: - anschecks, bank statements, address books, wire transfers, credit cards, phone bills Chain of Custody - ansdocumentation of everyone in continuous possession of the evidence a well as when, why, and what changes, if any, were made to it. also proves the evidence submitted in court is the same evidence you collected Pre-arrest briefing - ansa discussion between you and local law enforcement prior to conducting an arrest plan that provides an overview of the operational plan of the arrest Face Sheet - ansa document printed from FCIC/NCIC prior to making an arrest used to provide law enforcement with information regarding an offender and any other relevant information you feel is necessary for identification purposes or safety reasons Which Florida Statute grants authority to a probation officer to conduct a warrantless arrest? - ans948.06(1)(a), F.S. Defensive tactics - ansa system of controlled defensive and offensive body movements used by criminal justice officers to respond to a subject's aggression or resistance. these techniques are based on a combination of martial arts Protein - ansprovides energy; builds and repair body cells; is part of various enzymes, hormones, antibodies Carbohydrate - ansprovides energy needed by the brain, nervous system, red blood cells, and other cells Fat - ansprovides energy and essential fatty acids; carries other fat-soluble nutrients (vitamins); is part of cell membranes, membranes around nerves, hormones, bile (for fat digestion) What Florida Statute governs all use of force by criminal justice officers? - ans776, F.S. Which Florida Statute outlines the authority of an officer using force to make an arrest? - ans776.05, F.S. Which Florida Statute specifically addresses the use of force by state correctional and correctional probation officers? - ans944, F.S. What Florida Statute states that the Department of Corrections has jurisdiction over the supervisory and protective care, custody, and control of inmates and offenders? - ans945, F.S. Which Florida Statute states that an employee of the department is authorized to apply physical force upon an inmate only when and to the extent that it reasonably appears necessary: (1) to defend against force (2) prevent escape from institution (3) prevent damage to property
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(2) the firing of a firearm at a vehicle in which the person to be arrested is riding - ans776.06, F.S. What Florida Statute states that a correctional officer or other law enforcement officer is justified in the use of force, including deadly force, which he or she reasonably believes to be necessary to prevent the escape from a penal institution? - ans776.07, F.S. Ability - ansrefers to the subject having the means to carry out his or her intent to cause death or great bodily harm Opportunity - ansmeans the subject is capable of acting on a plan to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or others Intent - ansis a reasonably perceived, imminent threat to an officer or another person based on the subject's actions, behaviors, words, or other indicators What are the three factors for the officer to consider when deciding whether to use deadly force? - ansability, opportunity, intent Totality of circumstances - ansall the facts and circumstances known to the officer at the time, or reasonably perceived by the officer as the basis for a use of force decision What are the four factors of the decision making process, per the force guidelines? - anssubject's resistance, situational factors, officer's response, jurisdiction Survival Stress - ansa measure of anxiety caused by an appraisal of a stimulus that leads to an extreme state of arousal Appraisal - ansthe officer's evaluation and assignment of challenge or threat value to a stimulus Arousal - ansthe officer's elevated mind-body state that occurs int he presence of a perceived challenge or threat Submit - ansto completely relinquish control to another Limbic system - ansparts of the brain that are especially focused on emotion and motivation that provides a survival response to the central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system - ansthe part of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned with preparing the body to react to situations of stress or emergency Parasympathetic nervous system - anssometimes called the rest and digest system, is the part of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned with controlling the body during normal, routine situations Vasodilation - ansblood flows into the larger muscle groups providing oxygen to power flight and aid in escape Vasoconstriction - ansblood flow is restricted from the extremities and skin. the body pulls the blood away from the arms and legs into the torso. this keeps the blood near vital organs in case of emergency and also protects the arms and legs (our weapons) from losing blood in case of injury Auditory distortion - anshearing may be diminished or amplified Visual distortion - ansdue to physiological changes in the eye, vision may become distorted. officers may see darkness around the edges of their vision (tunnel vision). officers may also lose the ability to see close objets with detail (farsightedness) Eye gaze - ansthe tendency of your eyes to fixate to one location Fine motor skills - ansrefer to the muscle control required to make small, precise movements, such as unlocking handcuffs with keys Gross motor skills - ansthe movements of the large or major muscles of the body, which are used in tasks such as running, punching, or kicking
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Complex motor skills - anscombine fine and gross motor skills using hand and eye coordination timed to a single event, such as driving a car During high periods of arousal, which of the following increase? - ansgross motor skills During high periods of arousal, which of the following decrease? - ansfine motor skills, complex motor skills Perceptual time distortion - ansoccurrences seem to be faster or slower than they actually are Perceptual space distortion - ansobjects appear to be closer or farther than they actually are Heuristics - ansmental shortcuts that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently Threat Awareness Spectrum - ansis a color-coded illustration of how survival stress may affect an officer's reaction to a perceived challenge or threat Exhilaration speech - ansreflects a series of statements brought on by a euphoric feeling of accomplishment the officer experiences after prevailing in the critical incident What is the desired state of awareness and readiness of an officer while on routine duty? - anscondition yellow Condition white - ansunaware that a threat exists; attention is unfocused or preoccupied, and the officer is oblivious to potential danger in his or her environment An example of condition white can include: - ansa person drives to work and does not remember the drive (automatic pilot) Condition yellow - ansgeneral awareness of possible threats; attention is focused, and the officer scans the environment for potential threats An example of condition yellow can include: - answhile on the job, an officer is in a state of relaxed awareness and notices what is going on around him or her Condition orange - ansrecognition that a threat exists; awareness of a specific threat encourages preplanning and more intense focus. physical indicators of stress may become evident An example of condition orange can include: - ansa correctional officer observes an inmate with possible contraband and begins formulating a plan of action Condition red - ansspecific threat identified and appropriate actions taken; the threat is assigned and managed through intensified cognitive and physical reactions. survival stress functions become optimum An example of condition red can include: - ansthe patrol officer initiates the plan to engage the suspects as they exit the store Condition black - ansthreat mismanaged due to panicked stress response; survival stress functions break down and submission or freezing may occur An example of condition black can include: - ansthe patrol officer panics and may not respond effectively Critical incident amnesia - ansmay experience short and long-term memory loss after an extremely stressful situation How long do most agencies take before formal questioning or report writing begins regarding a highly stressful incident, such as an officer involved shooting? - ans24-72 hours Flash memory - ansbrief mental visualization of a past experience, a mental "snap-shot" Balance - ansa stance where your head and hips must be aligned and your wright distributed evenly between your feet Balance displacement - anscontrolling technique used to break the subject's balance through the use of leverage principles
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Communication - ansthe exchanging of information through verbal and nonverbal methods which provides valuable insight into the likelihood of cooperation and compliance of a subject; the exchange of messages, verbally and nonverbally through speech, gestures, or writing when interacting with others Dialogue - ansa controlled, non-emotional communication between an officer and a subject aimed at problem solving and communication. it is intentionally designed to gain rapport and exchange information Verbal direction - ansthe use of proper, clear, and concise commands to let a subject know what you need or expect him or her to do Touch - ansa nonthreatening, noncustodial physical contact and can be used to support or emphasize a verbal command Pressure points - anstechniques used to control behavior by using pain compliance where pressure or leverage is applied using a fingertip or thumb tip to target a nerve, joint, or sensitive area, causing pain and compliance to verbal direction. the two main components of this technique are stabilization and touch pressure Touch pressure - anstouching the location of a nerve or sensitive area and applying continual, uninterrupted pressure with the tip of the dinger or thumbnail the subject complies Stabilization - ansimmobilizing the subject's head so the subject cannot move or escape Under the jaw pressure point - answorks well to bring a seated, kneeling, or prone subject to a standing position Hollow behind the ear pressure point - ansuse on a seated or prone subject or a subject who is holding onto a fixed object Hollow behind the collarbone pressure point - ansuse this technique when you want a standing subject to sit, lie down, or move to another location Hollow of the neck pressure point - ansperformed at the jugular notch and is usually used for thwarting an attack by balance displacement Escort position - ansused to move a subject from one point to another without using pain compliance Transporters (come-along holds) - anstechniques used to move a subject from one point to another with pain compliance and/or mechanical compliance Bent wrist transporter - anstransitions from the escort position when the subject tries to resist by pulling his or her arm away Finger lock transporter - ansusually effective because you hyperextend the subject's fingers, bending them in a direction they are not meant to go Hammer lock transporter - ansa useful technique applied when subject tries to pull away from the escort position or a bent wrist or finger lock transporter Shoulder lock transporter - ansa good controlling technique because of the position in which you put the subject's arm Restraint devices - anstools, such as handcuffs, which are designed to temporarily restrain a subject's movements Handcuffs - anstemporary restraining devices used frequently to control a subject When handcuffing a subject, what position should you apply on the subject prior to handcuffing them? - ansthree-point-pin Waist chains - anstypically psd by correctional officers to secure a subject, particularly when moving an inmate from one location to another
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Leg restraints - ansalso called leg irons, are generally used along with was it chains to limit the movement of a subject Flexible restraints - ansinclude flexible cuffs which are useful for restraining single or multiple subjects and flexible leg restraints that are useful for restraining a subject who is kicking, trying to run away, or posing a safety threat Prone position - anslying facedown, on the stomach Search - ansa government intrusion into a place in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy Pat down - ansa physical frisk of a subject conducted in a predetermined pattern to locate weapons Reasonable suspicion - ansfacts or circumstances which reasonably indicate that the person as committed, is committing, or is about to commit a violation of the law Plain feel doctrine - ansstates that the officer may seize any object "whose contour or moss" he or she identifies as apparent contraband Custodial search technique - ansused when a subject is taken into custody in an unsecured environment; a complete search of the subject Quadrant search approach - ansa systematic and predetermined search pattern that divides the body into four sections horizontally and vertically Inmate search - ansprimarily designed to uncover contraband, prevent escapes, maintain sanitary standards, and eliminate safety hazards What are the three different types of inmate searches? - ansclothed, strip/unclothed, body cavity Clothed search - anscan be conducted at random by officers during the course of their daily routine in an institutional setting, applying the quadrant search approach Strip/unclothed search - ansis usually performed visually; the officer does not touch the inmate during the search Body cavity search - anssearched of inmates that may only be conducted by appropriate health services staff members in accordance with agency policy Blocks - ansreactionary techniques suing the arms, legs, or body to deflect or redirect an impending strike from a subject to areas of the body What are the three types of blocks? - ansupper area block, mid area blocker, lower area block empty-handed striking techniques - ansany impact technique using hands, arms, elbows, feet, legs, knees, or head to strike a subject in an offensive or defensive situation and includes punching, hitting, slapping, or kicking What are two methods of delivering strikes? - anspenetration and snap-back What are two different types of strikes? - ansswinging and thrusting Snap-back - ansa strike delivery method that is retracted very quickly, thus enabling multiple strikes, creating distance, setting up the next techniques, and causing distraction to the subject Distraction - ansa technique that interrupts the subject's concentration so that energy is redirected from the current focus. these techniques can be used to gain distance when held in close-quarter body holds and can assist in applying other tactics such as takedowns and transporters What are the two variables that determine the power generated in a strike? - ansamount of mass delivered with the striking weapon, the velocity (speed) at which the strike is delivered What are the 15 different types of strikes? - anspalm heel strike, knock strike, punches,
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In order to escape to the standing position from the ground defense position, what should the officer properly do? - ansdevelop a strong base with his or her arm and/or leg off the ground, keep their hand up to protect their vitals, stand up to an upright position Shrimping - ansthe movement the officer uses in a hip escape in order to move from side to side to avoid or defend against an attack Supine position - anslying on the back, face up Stalling - ansa tactical method of safely controlling a suspect until you physically recover or reassess the situation, or backup arrives What are the seven types of ground escape techniques? - ansfoundation (ground defense position), escape to the standing position, hip escapes, defend and escape from side control, full mount, rear mount, head-to-head prone attack What are the six types of ground control techniques? - ansscarf hood, arm bar, disengage from scarf hold, heard stall, follow up from the seated stall, straddle stall Intermediate weapons - anstools used when empty-handed control is ineffective, but the subject's level of resistance does not merit deadly force Impact weapon - ansany object used for striking that may disable or cause temporary motor dysfunction Temporary motor dysfunction - ansa type of incapacitation that causes temporary impairment of muscle control, such as a charley horse Weapons of opportunity - ansany item an officer has at hand that may be used as a potential impact weapon when needed, such as a flashlight, clipboard, or radio Interview stance with an impact weapon - ansa low profile stance with the weapon held partially hidden behind the leg Offensive ready stance with an impact weapon - ansa high profile stance with the weapon held at a shoulder position to enable a rapid strike What are the three common techniques when using an impact weapon? - ansimpact weapon thrust, impact weapon swing, impact weapon blocks What are the two types of impact weapon blocks? - ansscan blocks - pull across the body, power blocks - push against the attacking arm Electronic control devices (ECD) - answeapons that use a bettery-powered current of electricity and control subjects through an artificial contraction of the muscles which may cause extreme muscular tension and compete structural dysfunction What are the two primary types of chemical agents that criminal justice officers use to control resistant subjects? - ansoleo-resin capsicum, and/or orthoclorobenzal-malonintrile Pepper spray - ansalso known as OC, is an inflammatory agent that cases tearing and voluntary closing of the eyes, nasal discharge, sneezing, disorientation, and a sensation of respiratory stress What is the natural derivative of the cayenne pepper? - ansOleo0resin capsicum What is the active ingredient in OC which produces the heat felt when it makes contact with human tissue? - anscapsaicin
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Scoville Heat Units (SHU) - ansa scale in which the heat value of capsicum is measured What are the three components of the OC spray formula? - anscapsaicin (active ingredient), capsicum (mixed with propellant), liquid base Strobing - ansforceful blinking to help clear your vision and activate the tear ducts Weapon retention - ansthe act of protecting and/or regaining control of your weapon What are the two types of handgun retention techniques? - ansholstered handgun retention, drawn handgun retention Telegraphing - anssmall eye, hand or foot movements in the direction that you plan to move What are the two firearm disarming techniques? - ansfront disarming technique, rear disarming technique Evidence-based practice (EBP) - ansan approach to community corrections that focuses on using proven risk strategies for offenders. it relies on researched scientific studies to identify the programs, or interventions, which produce the most significant positive results for offenders What are the four evidence-based practice intervention principles? - ansrisk principle, need principle, treatment principle, fidelity principle (EBP) Risk principle (WHO) - ansplaces priority on providing interventions for higher risk offenders because research shows that measures aimed at lower risk offenders tend to have little impact on recidivism rates (EBP) Need principle (WHAT) - anstarget an offender's criminogenic needs Criminogenic needs - ansrisk factors or behaviors associated with failure of traditional forms of rehabilitation leading to recidivism (EBP) Treatment principle (HOW) - ansidentifies which interventions will achieve the most effective results for a particular offender (EBP) Fidelity principle (HOW WELL) - ansidentifies how effectively programs deliver interventions and emphasizes that programs should be research-based and implemented as designed Thinking for a Change (T4C) - ansa program designed by the National Institute of Corrections to help an offender learn and practice healthy behavior, social skills, and problem solving Motivational interviewing (MI) - ansan evidence based practice for motivating offenders and fostering positive behavioral changes Cognitive dissonance - ansthe idea that it is impossible for a person to hold on to two opposing principles at the same time; one must give way to the other Ambivalence - ansthe dilemma of change, uncertainty, or indecisiveness on which course to follow Discrepancy - ansa lack of agreement or balance; there is a difference between two things that should be alike Terminal values - ansdesirable end-states of existence, goals that a person would like to achieve during their lifetime Instrumental values - anspreferable modes of behavior or means of achieving terminal values What are the five stages of change? - anspre-contemplation, contemplation,
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discussed, the reasons the offender wants to address them, and any place of action, including consequences of not implementing the changes Change talk - ansrefers to indications or statements made by the offender expressing the desire to change, and may include nonverbal cues DARN-C - ansa strategy used when listening for change talk, has five components: Desire, Ability, Reason, Need, Commitment "I want to change, but I don't think I can..." is an example of: - anshigh importance vs. low confidence "I want to change and I can achieve this change" is an example of: - anshigh importance vs. high confidence "I don't think I can change, nor do I want to change" is an example of: - anslow importance vs. low confidence "I can change if I wanted to, I just don't care about changing" is an example of: - anslow importance vs. high confidence Decisional balance scale - ansdecision-making involves thinking about all the options and an evaluation of the consequences of each option, which can range from desirable to undesirable. thinking through the pros and cons of making or not making a change can help the offender make sure he or she has fully considered all options Benefit vs. concern - ans"what is the benefit of continuing the behavior?" vs. "why would continuing this behavior be problematic?" Change-beneift vs. change-concern - ans"if you made the change, how would it improve your situation?" vs. "If you made the change, how might it make your situation worse?" Fixers vs. listeners trap - ansbeing a fixer inhibits your ability to suspend judgment and to listen with the intent of really understanding the problem or issue from the offender's perspective Question answer trap - ansonly using questions that solicit closed responses, such as "yes" or "no" answers Expert trap - ansthinking that you (the officer) have all the answers and know what is best for the offender Blaming trap - ansfinding or placing blame Confrontation/denial trap - ansthesis for the officer who falls into the "fixer mode" very quickly by focusing their attention on a specific problem and offers a quick "solution" Taking sides trap - ansas you argue for one side of the argument, the offender will naturally argue for the other side, creating a rift
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A Top-Rated Comprehensive Exam Revision Guide
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Labeling trap - ansusing certain social stigmas as an excuse for behavior Premature focus trap - ansavoid rushing into a problem situation that you can see clearly as a problem before the offender has identified it as a problem Gloom and doom trap - ansnot taking the confidence (self-efficacy) issue seriously; taking up or sharing the offender's helplessness or hopelessness perception What three principles are significant elements in motivational interviewing? - ansenhance intrinsic motivation, responsivity principle, increase positive reinforcement Responsivity - anssuggests that you are aware of individual characteristics and needs when assigning offenders to programs What are the four categories of self-motivating statements? - ansproblem recognition, expression of concern, intention to change, optimism about change What are the six techniques to elicit self-motivating statements? - anselaboration, decisional balance, using extremes, looking forward and back, exploring goals, paradox What are the six advanced communication skills used when you encounter offender resistance? - anssimple reflection, amplified reflection, double-sided reflection, shifting focus, emphasizing personal choice, reframing or reflection with a twist Offenders are prohibited from bringing what with them during office visits? - ansbags, backpacks, briefcases, large purses, cell phones, and any items unrelated to supervision Why should officers discourage offenders from bringing their children with them to the probation office? - ansthere could be sex offenders in the lobby that could pose a danger to vulnerable children When escorting an offender within the probation office, what should be your positioning in relation to the offender? - ansthe officer should be behind the offender, while the offender walks in front of the officer, within close proximity If an offender admits to using illegal substances and tests positive on a drug test, what should you do? - anshave the offender sign a positive drug test statement and notify the sentencing authority If an offender does not admit to using illegal substances and tests positive on a drug test, what should you do? - anssend the specimen to the laboratory for confirmation and notify the sentencing authority
