NBCOT National Board for Certification of Occupational Therapy 2024 Final Review, Exams of Occupational therapy

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NBCOT National Board for Certification

of Occupational Therapy 2024 Final

Review Questions and Answers 100%

Pass | Graded A+

David Mungai [Date] [Course title]

NBCOT National Board for Certification

of Occupational Therapy 2024 Final

Review Questions and Answers 100%

Pass | Graded A+

In infant development which comes first: bilaterality or unilaterality? - Answer>> __________ precedes unilaterality in infant development When does hand dominance begin to develop? - Answer>> Hand dominance begins to develop at 3 to 6 years and is not fully defined until 6 years Can someone with receptive aphasia participate in sensory testing? - Answer>> Individuals with this disorder cannot comprehend spoken or written words or symbols. Individuals cannot understand verbal directions or respond to sensory stimuli. What is agnosia? - Answer>> Agnosia is a category of defecits where the patient lacks recognition of familiar object as perceived by the senses. This could involve all the senses and manifests with problems in body scheme such as somatognosia and anosognosia. What is somatognosia? - Answer>> Lack of awareness of one's body parts. What is anosognosia? - Answer>> Anosognosia: Transient severe form of neglect. Patient does not recognize the presence or severity

function knowledge) What is constructional apraxia? - Answer>> Unable to produce designs in 2 or three dimensions by copying drawing or constructing. What is oral apraxia? - Answer>> Difficulty in forming and organizing intelligable words though the musculature required to do so is in tact. Differs from disarthria because no muscles are affected and speech is not slurred. What is a neuroma? - Answer>> A ______ is an unorganized mass of nerve fibers resulting from a laceration (either surgical or accidental) or amputation in which the nerve regrows in unorganized bundles. Results in sharp radiating pain. By what age does an infant sit erect and unsupported for several minutes? - Answer>> By 8 to 9 months an infant can sit erect and unsupported. What is reflex sympathetic dystrophy? - Answer>> __________ is caused by trauma post-surgical inflammation infection or laceration to an extremity. Characterized by pain edema shiny skin blotchy skin and excessive sweating or dryness. What is another name for reflex sympathetic dystrophy? - Answer>> Complex regional pain syndrome.

What is a symmetric tonic neck reflex? - Answer>> When an infant's neck is extended the elbows extend and the hips flex. When the head is lowered the elbows flex and the hips extend. What is a bunny hop pattern? - Answer>> A bunny hop pattern is a result of symmetric tonic neck reflex utilization in order to elicit movement at the hips and elbows for mobility. What is a neuroma? - Answer>> A complication of nerve structure or amputation. A traumatic ______ is an unorganized mass of nerve fibers resulting from accidental or surgical cutting of the nerve. Results in sharp radiating pain. What sensory region does the radial nerve innervate on the hand? - Answer>> Radial Nerve What stage is initiated by looking at and reaching for food? - Answer>> The oral preparatory phase. What behavior would a child with poor modulation of tactile input display? - Answer>> Children with autism often are unpredictable both craving and avoiding sensory stimuli at various times. After swallowing a pureed substance you notice the individual has a wet gurgling voice. What might this indicate? - Answer>> Possible aspiration. A videoflouroscopy is often times needed to determine is this is the case.

What is democratic leadership? - Answer>> This style can be a problem-solving style. Group members feel safe to express views thoughts and feelings. According to the OT code of ethics what is defined as beneficence? - Answer>> Concern for the safety and well-being of the recipients of OT services. According to the OT code of ethics what is defined as nonmaleficence? - Answer>> Ensure recipient's safety and do no harm. According to the OT code of ethics what is defined as autonomy? - Answer>> Respect patient rights including confidentiality. According to the OT code of ethics what is defined as procedural justice? - Answer>> Comply with laws According to the OT code of ethics what is defined as veracity? - Answer>> Providing accurate information when representing the profession (don't lie) According to the OT code of ethics what is defined as duty? - Answer>> Maintain credentials and continually learn craft According to the OT code of ethics what is defined as fidelity? - Answer>> Treat colleagues and other professionals with

respect fairness and integrity. What are the normal ROM limits of cervical flexion extension and lateral flexion? - Answer>> 0-45 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of cervical rotation? - Answer>> 0-60 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of thoracic and lumbar spine flexion? - Answer>> 0-80 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of thoracic and lumbar spine extension? - Answer>> 0-30 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of lateral flexion of the spine? - Answer>> 0-40 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of rotation of the spine? - Answer>> 0-45 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder flexion? - Answer>> 0-170 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder extension? - Answer>> 0-60 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder abduction? - Answer>> 0-170 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder adduction? - Answer>> 0 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of horizontal adduction? - Answer>> 0-130 degrees

What is tardive dyskinesia? - Answer>> Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological syndrome caused by the long-term use of neuroleptic drugs. Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by repetitive involuntary purposeless movements. Features of the disorder may include grimacing tongue protrusion lip smacking puckering and pursing and rapid eye blinking. Involuntary movements of the fingers may appear as though the individual is playing an invisible guitar or piano. What is ataxia? - Answer>> ______ describes a lack of coordination while performing voluntary movements. It may appear as clumsiness inaccuracy or instability. What is bradykinesia? - Answer>> Bradykinesia means "slow movement." What is choreoathetosis? - Answer>> ____________ is a movement of intermediate speed fluctuating between the quick flitting movements of chorea and the slower writhing movements of athetosis. What is dystonia? - Answer>> ________ is a neurologic movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions usually producing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures or positions. What is Huntington's Disease? - Answer>> The classic signs of HD include the development of chorea-or involuntary rapid irregular jerky

movements that may affect the face arms legs or trunk-as well as the gradual loss of thought processing and acquired intellectual abilities (dementia). What is adiadochokinesis? - Answer>> The inability to perform rapid alternating movements such as pronation/supination. What is dysmetria? - Answer>> Dysmetria is the inability to estimate the ROM necessary to meet the target. Evident when the individual tries to touch the nose. What is nystagmus? - Answer>> Involuntary movement of the eyeballs in an up/down back/forth motion. Interferes with head control. What is dysarthria? - Answer>> Explosive or slurred speech caused by incoordination of muscles involved in speech. Classified as a neuromotor problem. What is ballism? - Answer>> Rare symptom that is produced by continuous abrupt contractions of the axial and proximal musculature of the extremity. What are intention tremors? - Answer>> Occurs during voluntary movement. Intensified at the termination of the movement and often associated with MS.

What is the rehabilitation model? - Answer>> The rehabilitation model goal is to help the patient learn to work arond or compensate for physical cognitive or perceptual limitations. What is a FIM level of "Total Assistance" or level 1? - Answer>> The person puts forth less than 25% of the effort necessary to do a task. What is a FIM level of "Maximal Assistance" or level 2? - Answer>> The person puts forth less than 50% of the effort necessary to do a task but at least 25% What is a FIM level of "Moderate Assistance" or level 3? - Answer>> The person puts forth between 50% and 75% of the effort necessary to do a task and requires no more than helping or touching. What is a FIM level of "Minimal Contact Assistance" or level 4? - Answer>> The person puts forth 75% or more of the effort necessary to do a task and requires no more help than touching. What is a FIM level of "Supervision or setup" or level 5? - Answer>> The person only needs someone to standby and cue or coax him/her (without physical contact) so that he/she can do a task. What is a FIM level of "Modified Independence"

or level 6? - Answer>> No helper is needed and the person needs an assistive device. This score can also be obtained when no help is needed but the person takes considerable time to do a task or may complete the task in an unsafe manner. What is a FIM level of "Total independence" or level 7? - Answer>> No helper is needed and the person performs the task safely within a reasonable amount of time and without assistive devices aids or changes. What FIMS score would be given to a person who needs a helper to set up items or assistive devices?, A score of "5" or "Supervision or setup" can be obtained if a helper is needed to set up items or assistive devices for the person. How tall should a door threshold be for wheelchair accessibility? - Answer>> 1/2" and should be bevelled-- should be removed if possible. What is the standard height of a wheelchair seat? - Answer>> 18". Toilets are typically 15" and should be raised to accommodate transfers. What is the minimum doorway width for a wheelchair? - Answer>> 32" What is the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill? - Answer>> Provides support groups open to clients & families with a focus on education and support for mental illness.

a lesion causing variable loss of motor and sensation function. Proprioception preserved. When should continuous reinforcement be utilized? - Answer>> When teaching new skills. When should intermittant reinforcement be utilized? - Answer>> When maintaining a behavior. What is central cord syndrome? - Answer>> Central injury to cervical spinal cord resulting in greater weakness in UEs than in LEs. What is conus medullaris syndrome? - Answer>> Assoc. with injury to the sacral cord and lumbar nerve roots. Patients present with areflexic bladder bowel and lower limbs. Sacral segments sometimes show preserved reflexes. What is cauda equina syndrome? - Answer>> Due to injury of lumbosacral nerve roots in spinal canal. Leads to areflexic bladder bowel and lower limbs. What is Brown-Sequard syndrome? - Answer>> A hemisection lesion

of the cord resulting in ipsilateral motor loss and contralateral loss of sensitivity to pain and temp. What is parasthesia? - Answer>> Sensation of tingling itching numbness or burning caused by sustained nerve pressure or reduced blood flow. What are the muscles of the rotator cuff? - Answer>> Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres Minor Should you pass a Level II fieldwork student if they are functioning below the minimal entry level? - Answer>> Students functioning below entry level should be failed. What is "close supervision" defined as? - Answer>> Close supervision is defined as "daily direct contact at the site of work" What is a program evaluation? - Answer>> A program evaluation is the compilation of the intervention results for a population of individuals. What is Durable Medical Equipment (DME)? - Answer>> Items that can withstand repeated use such as a wheelchair medical bed and walkers.

What functionality does a person with C6 SCI have? - Answer>> -Complete paralysis of legs and torso. -Able to extend wrist and flex the elbow. -Independent in transfers from toilet to wheelchair. -Able to reach forward. -Benefits from splint to promote wrist tenodesis. -Able to do some ADLs such as shaving and dressing upper body. -Assistance may be required to dress lower body. -Needs assistance to transfer from bed to wheelchair. What functionality does a person with C7 SCI have? - Answer>> -Elbow extension available -Wrist flexion available -Finger extension available -Mod I feeding -Dress Mod I to min assist -Bathing & Grooming Mod I -Toileting Mod I -Transfers Independent What is Guillain-Barre syndrome? - Answer>> An autoimmune disease in which the peripheral nerves become inflammed. Results in numbness and paralysis in the legs upper body and face. Level of independence depends on extent of paralysis. What is the best way to obtain detailed information about an individual's job requirements? - Answer>> By examing a job analysis. A job analysis is a detailed description of the physical sensory and psych demands of a job.

What postural stability must an individual demonstrate before being able to use a mobile arm support? - Answer>> Lateral trunk stability What is rotation? - Answer>> A type of in-hand manipulation that is displayed when an individual turns a nut on a bolt. What functionality does a person with C8-T1 SCI have? - Answer>> -Full UE control including fine coordination and grasp -ADLs mobility and communication are Mod I What functionality does a person with T6 SCI have? - Answer>> -Increased endurance -Larger respiratory reserve -Pectoral girdle stabilized for heavy lifting -ADLs Independent (No assistive devices) -Uses braces with great difficulty for ambulation What functionality does a person with T12 SCI have? - Answer>> -Improved endurance and trunk control. -ADLs and IADLs and independent -Mobility: Ambulates with long leg braces and crutches -Uses wheelchair for energy conservation What functionality does a person with L4 SCI have? - Answer>> -Hip flexion and knee extension -Independent in all activities plus ambulation -Bowel and bladder control is not voluntary