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NBDHE Pharmacology Exam 2025 | National Board
Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE) | Dental
Hygiene | Dentistry | Questions and Correct
Answers | Just Released
What LA has the shorted duration? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- mepivicaine What anesthetic is safe in pregnancy? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- lidocaine What is the most common LA in dentistry? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- lidocaine What is the MRD for lidocaine? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------3mg/lb. max of 500mg MRD for epi in a healthy individual ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------.2mg
MRD for Epi in an immunocomp individual ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- .04mg (about 2 cartridges) T/F epi is contraindicated in a pt with controlled hypertension ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------false. What LA is 4% (compared to the typical 2%) ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- articaine One 2% lido carpule has how many milligrams of lidocaine? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------36mg How many mg of epi in a 1:100,000 lido/epi carpule? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------0.018mg How is maximum carp dose calculated? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- weight x 3mg/lb= # milligrams #milligrams / 36mg in a carp= # of carps for pt
What dangerous syndrome is found in children with the flu or chic pox who take aspirin? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Reyes syndrome What may happen at high doses of aspirin? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- tinnitus Brand name acetaminophen ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Tylenol Effects of acetaminophen ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Analgesic Antipyretic What does Tylenol not do? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------It is not anti- inflammatory Adverse effects of Tylenol ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Hepatoxicity Analgesic drug of choice for children ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Tylenol
Analgesic drug for patients on anticoagulants ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---Tylenol Analgesic drug for patients with ulcers ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Tylenol Analgesic of choice for post NSPT pain ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Tylenol Dangers of high doses of acetaminophen ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- hepatoxicity and liver necrosis Ibuprofen is known as a ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------NSAID Adverse effects of ibuprofen includes ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- gastric upset, and interference with clotting Brand names of ibuprofen ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------advil and motrin
Potency is related to ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------dose. Potency is greater when a dose is smaller Efficacy is ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the maximum response of a drug regardless of dose What is first past effect? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------When orally administered drugs pass through the hepatic portal which reduces the amount effective drug. this requires large doses of a drug What drug administration route is used to deliver protein products? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Subcutaneous The TB skin test is an example of what route of drug administration? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Intradermal The study of how we drug enters the body, circulates in the body and leaves the body ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------pharmacokinetics What organ is involved in absorption of oral drugs? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------small intestine
What is the most important site for metabolism of drugs? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the liver What is the most important organ that is involved in excretion? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------kidneys What terminates drug effects? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------elimination What steps do intra-vascular drugs bypass? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- absorption and first pass What drugs are known to move across biological membranes by diffusion? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Lipid soluble drugs Metabolism is also known as ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Bio transformation
The Post ganglionic neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system is ------- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Norepinephrine What drugs mimic the sympathetic nervous system? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------Adrenergic drugs What diseases should avoid adrenergic drugs? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----angina, uncontrolled hypertension and uncontrolled hyperthyroidism What is dopamine used to treat? And what class of drugs is it? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Shock, Low blood pressure, parkinson's. adrenergic Andrenergic blocking drugs are used to treat ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --High blood pressure, angina, glaucoma and myocardial infarction Propanolol is also known as: And it is a ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Inderal Nonselective beta blocker to treat hypertension
Atenolol is also known as: And it is a ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Tenormin Selective beta blocker to treat hypertension Lopressor is also known as And it is a ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Metoprolol selective beta blocker to treat hypertension pilocarpine is an example of a: what two diseases can it treat? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cholinergic drug. It increases saliva flow in patients with sjogrens can also tx glaucoma what type of drugs are used to treat hypertension and angina? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------adrenergic blocking what drugs are contraindicated for angina, uncontrolled hypertension and hyperthyroidism? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------adrenergic drugs
what are the parameters for a schedule 2 drug? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------no refills, must be hand delivered with a signature what are the parameters for a schedule 3 drug? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------can be phoned in but can only have 5 refills in 6 months narcan is an ______________________ (drug class) ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------opioid antagonist most common antibiotic in dentistry ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- penicillin bactericidal ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------kills bacteria bacteriostatic ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------stops bacteria from reproducing resistance ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the ability of a microorganism to be unaffected by a drug
spectrum ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the range of activity of a drug synergism ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------When the combination of two antibiotics produces a greater effect than would be expected if their individual actions were added antagonism ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------when the combination of two antibiotics produces a lesser effect than would be expected. How does penicillin work? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------It is bacteriocidal it destroys the bacterial cell wall What is the most likely antibiotic to produce an anaphylactic allergic reaction? ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------penicillin is Penicillin safe for pregnant patients ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------yes what is augmentin? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------penicillin and clavulanic acid
antibiotic that can be found in crevicular fluid ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---tetracyclines what antibiotic is similar to penicillin? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- cephalosporins what two antibiotics have cross-allergenicity? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---cephalosporins and penicillin what are the drugs that are used together to treat TB? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------Rifampin isoniazid pyrazinamide ethambutol what 2 drugs may be used in TB prevention only? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------Rifampin or isoniazid
what is the 1st alternative if pt is allergic to amoxicillin for premed? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------clindamycin what is a rare adverse reaction of clindamycin? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----pseudomembranous colitis what antibiotic may have an antibuse effect with alcohol? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------metronidazole (flagyl) flagyl is ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------metronidazole What is used in treatment of ANUG and perio infections? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------metronidazole and tetracycline premed for a shunt or a stent? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------shunt what immuncompromised patients may require premed? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Iv drug users, AIDs, uncontrolled diabetes
what family of anesthetic is used in dentistry mostly? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--- --------------amides where are amides metabolized? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the liver where are esthers metabolized? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------blood plasma what LA has the longest duration? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- bupivicaine (marcaine) what LA has an increased risk of paraesthesia, especially in the mandibular block? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------articaine (septocaine) mepivicaine is aka ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------carbocaine prilocaine is aka ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------citanest lidocaine is aka ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------xylocaine
bupivicaine is aka ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------marcaine articaine is aka ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------septocaine what dental drug should not be used in patients taking tricyclic antidepressants? name a tricyclic antidepressant ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Elavil (amitriptyline) _______% of patients have gingival enlargement with phenytoin(dilantin) --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 50 what is the effect of phenobarbital? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- sedation what can be used to treat trigeminal neuralgia? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------carbamazepine
