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NBHWC EXAM | HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY LIFE | 286 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS, Exams of Health, psychology

Arizona Western College Health, psychology

NBHWC EXAM | HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY LIFE | 286 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Well-being (Healthy People 2020) - Correct Answer: - assesses the positive aspects of a person's life, such as positive emotions and life satisfaction. - relative state where one maximizes his or her physical, mental, and social functioning in the context of supportive environments to live a full, satisfying, and productive life - focuses on disease resistance, resilience, and self-management Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) – Correct Answer: - healthy people 2020 - multi-dimensional concept that includes domains related to physical, mental, emotional, and social functioning - focuses on the impact health status has on quality of life. Healthy People 2020 Approach to Health-Related Quality of Life & Well-Being – Correct Answer: 3 complementary and related domains: 1) Self-rated physical and mental health 2) Overall well-being 3) Participation in society

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NBHWC EXAM | HEALTH RELATED QUALITY LIFE |286 QUESTIONS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Well- being (Healthy People 2020) -

Correct Answer: - assesses the positive aspects of a person's life, such as positive emotions

and life satisfaction.

- relative state where one maximizes his or her physical, mental, and social functioning in the

context of supportive environments to live a full, satisfying, and productive life

- focuses on disease resistance, resilience, and self-management

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) -

Correct Answer: - healthy people 2020

- multi-dimensional concept that includes domains related to physical, mental, emotional, and

social functioning

- focuses on the impact health status has on quality of life.

Healthy People 2020 Approach to Health-Related Quality of Life & Well-Being -

Correct Answer: 3 complementary and related domains:

1) Self-rated physical and mental health

2) Overall well-being

3) Participation in society

Ways to measure and track HRQOL (Healthy People 2020) -

Correct Answer: - Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)

Global Health

- Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS)

- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

- National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

Measure:

- PROMIS item banks include more than 1,000 self-report questions covering multiple

HRQOL domains

- 10-item global HRQOL scale was developed to assess selected physical and mental health

symptoms,

- fatigue, pain, emotional distress, and social activities

- ask about a person's experience "in general" and assess self-reported symptoms within the

last 7 days

Influences of Well-being (Healthy People 2020) -

Correct Answer: - influences = Personal factors, social circumstances, and community

environments

- Outcomes of higher well-being =

1) very healthy and full of energy

2) satisfied, interested, and engaged

3) experience a sense of accomplishment from their activities and judge their lives to be

meaningful

4) more often content or cheerful than depressed or anxious.

Partial preview of the text

Download NBHWC EXAM | HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY LIFE | 286 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS and more Exams Health, psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

NBHWC EXAM | HEALTH RELATED QUALITY LIFE |286 QUESTIONS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Well- being (Healthy People 2020) - Correct Answer: - assesses the positive aspects of a person's life, such as positive emotions and life satisfaction.

relative state where one maximizes his or her physical, mental, and social functioning in the context of supportive environments to live a full, satisfying, and productive life
focuses on disease resistance, resilience, and self-management Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) - Correct Answer: - healthy people 2020
multi-dimensional concept that includes domains related to physical, mental, emotional, and social functioning
focuses on the impact health status has on quality of life. Healthy People 2020 Approach to Health-Related Quality of Life & Well-Being - Correct Answer: 3 complementary and related domains:

Self-rated physical and mental health
Overall well-being
Participation in society Ways to measure and track HRQOL (Healthy People 2020) - Correct Answer: - Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health

Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS)
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Measure:
PROMIS item banks include more than 1,000 self-report questions covering multiple HRQOL domains
10 - item global HRQOL scale was developed to assess selected physical and mental health symptoms,
fatigue, pain, emotional distress, and social activities
ask about a person's experience "in general" and assess self-reported symptoms within the last 7 days Influences of Well-being (Healthy People 2020) - Correct Answer: - influences = Personal factors, social circumstances, and community environments
Outcomes of higher well-being =

very healthy and full of energy
satisfied, interested, and engaged
experience a sense of accomplishment from their activities and judge their lives to be meaningful
more often content or cheerful than depressed or anxious.

get along with others and experience good social relationships Measuring well-being (Healthy People 2020) - Correct Answer: 1) Physical well-being= relates to vigor and vitality, feeling very healthy and full of energy.
Mental well-being= includes being satisfied with one's life; balancing positive and negative emotions; accepting one's self; finding purpose and meaning in one's life; seeking personal growth, autonomy, and competence; believing one's life and circumstances are under one's control; and generally experiencing optimism.
Social well-being = providing and receiving quality support from family, friends, and others. Participation as a measure of HRQOL and well-being - Correct Answer: - quality of life is not directly equated to health or functional status but reflects, rather, the level of community integration or involvement, which is based on a person's level of participation, taking into account their health or functional status and the environment.

a person with a functional limitation — for example, vision loss, mobility difficulty, or intellectual disability, CAN live a long and productive life and enjoy a good quality of life.
can be assessed through a determination of the degree to which people experience barriers to full participation because of their current health state and the environment.
What is measured: education, employment, and civic, social, and leisure activities, as well as family role participation. Why is well-being useful for public health? (CDC) - Correct Answer: - more holistic (mental and physical)
measures beyond morbidity, mortality, and economic status
comes from the person's own perspective
becoming easier and more accurate to study
associated with: Self-perceived health, Longevity, Healthy behaviors, Mental and physical illness, Social connectedness, Productivity, Factors in the physical and social environment
can help policy makers shape and compare the effects of different policies
useful for multiple stakeholders involved in disease prevention and health promotion Heritable vs. environmental factors in well-being (CDC) - Correct Answer: Although a substantial proportion of the variance in well-being can be attributed to heritable factors, environmental factors play an equally if not more important role. Health Promotion (CDC) - Correct Answer: the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health Resources for Health- fundamental to well-being and the role of health promotion (CDC) - Correct Answer: Environmental and social resources for health = peace, economic security, a stable ecosystem, and safe housing.

*No sole determinant Well-being and Genes/ Personality (CDC) - Correct Answer: - genetic factors, personality, and demographic factors

emotions are heritable to some degree (may be a genetically determined set-point for emotions such as happiness and sadness)
HOWEVER, influenced by environmental factors = circumstances and social conditions do matter
Personality factors = optimism, extroversion, and self-esteem
are important, but beyond the realm of public policy goals Well-being and Age/ Gender (CDC) - Correct Answer: - In general, men and women have similar levels of well-being, but this pattern changes with age and has changed over time
younger and older adults tend to have more well-being compared to middle-aged adults. Well-being and Income/ Work (CDC) - Correct Answer: - income correlates only modestly with well-being
In general, associations between income and well-being (usually measured in terms of life satisfaction) are stronger for those at lower economic levels
Paid employment is critical to the well-being of individuals by conferring direct access to resources, as well as fostering satisfaction, meaning and purpose for some
Unemployment negatively affects well-being, both in the short- and long-term Well-being and Relationships (CDC) - Correct Answer: Having supportive relationships is one of the strongest predictors of well- being, having a notably positive effect Correlates of well-being at the national level (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Countries differ substantially in their levels of well-being
higher well-being = more economically developed, have effective governments with low levels of corruption, have high levels of trust, and can meet citizens' basic needs for food and health
Cultural factors (e.g., individualism vs. collectivism, social norms) also play a role in national estimates of well-being What is the difference between health-related quality of life, well-being, flourishing, positive mental health, optimal health, happiness, subjective well-being, psychological well-being, life satisfaction, hedonic well-being, and other terms that exist in the literature? (CDC) - Correct Answer: - health-related quality of life = linked to patient outcomes, and has generally focused on deficits in functioning (e.g., pain, negative affect)
well-being focuses = assets in functioning, including positive emotions and psychological resources (e.g., positive affect, autonomy, mastery)
positive mental health = calls attention to the psychological components that comprise well- being from the perspective of individuals interested primarily in the mental health domain; broadly inclusive of psychological assets and skills essential for well-being

Hedonic well-being = the "feeling" component of well-being (e.g., happiness)
eudemonic well-being = the "thinking" component of well-being (e.g., fulfillment).
complete mental health/ "flourishing." = People with high levels of positive emotions, and those who are functioning well psychologically and socially CDC's role in examining/ promoting well-being - Correct Answer: - collected data using the Satisfaction with Life Scale and other well-being measures on the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
led the development of overarching goals related to quality of life and well-being for the Healthy People 2020 initiative.
Health-Related Quality of Life Program has led an effort since 2007 to examine how well- being can be integrated into health promotion and how it can be measured in public health surveillance systems Travis Illness-Wellness Continuum - Correct Answer: - intending to inspire people rather than treat them
how lifestyle modification can bring a positive shift in mindset and move us to the wellness end of the continuum
focuses on building well-being through responsibility, emotional control, deep insight, and mindful, holistic awareness
3 key concepts of well-being

Wellness is a process
Presence of illness does not imply the absence of wellness and vice versa
At any point, we have the potential to push ourselves from illness to wellness Blood Pressure (CDC) - Correct Answer: pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries Arteries - Correct Answer: carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body Systolic blood pressure - Correct Answer: pressure in your arteries when your heart beats (first number) Diastolic blood pressure - Correct Answer: measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats (second number) Normal Blood Pressure - Correct Answer: 120/80 mmHg Hypertension - Correct Answer: high blood pressure High blood pressure - Correct Answer: 2003 levels = 140/90 mm Hg or higher

Measuring BP Do and Don't (CDC) - Correct Answer: 1) Don’t eat or drink anything 30 minutes before you take your blood pressure.

Empty your bladder
Sit in a comfortable chair with your back supported for at least 5 minutes before your reading.
Put both feet flat on the ground and keep your legs uncrossed.
Rest your arm with the cuff on a table at chest height.
Make sure the blood pressure cuff is snug but not too tight.
The cuff should be against your bare skin, not over clothing.
Do not talk while your blood pressure is being measured.
If using SMBP at home - Take your blood pressure at the same time every day. & Take at least two readings, 1 or 2 minutes apart. Managing High Blood Pressure (CDC) - Correct Answer: 1) Measure BP on regular basis
Manage diabetes (6 out of 10—also have high blood pressure)
Take your medicine (do not stop unless talk to doc)
Make lifestyle changes
Talk with health care team Risk factors for high BP (CDC) - health conditions - Correct Answer: 1) Elevated BP (between 120/80 mmHg and 129/80 mmHg)
Diabetes (About 6 out of 10 also have high BP) Risk factors for high BP (CDC) - Lifestyle/ behaviors - Correct Answer: 1) Unhealthy diet (high in sodium and too low in potassium)
Physical inactivity
Obesity
Too much alcohol (Women should have no more than 1/day & Men should have no more than 2/day)
Tobacco use (damage the heart and blood vessels. Nicotine raises BP, breathing in carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that your blood can carry) Risk factors for high BP (CDC) - Family History/ genetics - Correct Answer: 1) people with a family history of high blood pressure share common environments and other potential factors
Older age (9 out of 10 Americans will develop high BP)
race/ ethnicity (black people more often and earlier in life) What is diabetes (CDC) - Correct Answer: your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use the insulin it makes as well as it should = too much blood sugar stays in your bloodstream How blood sugar normally works (CDC) -

Correct Answer: Most of the food you eat is broken down into sugar (also called glucose) and released into your bloodstream. When your blood sugar goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin acts like a key to let the blood sugar into your body's cells for use as energy. Type 1 diabetes (CDC) - Correct Answer: - autoimmune reaction (the body attacks itself by mistake)

stops your body from producing insulin
5 - 10% of the people who have diabetes
usually diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults
need to take insulin daily to survive Type 2 diabetes (CDC) - Correct Answer: - your body doesn't use insulin well and can't keep blood sugar at normal levels (insulin resistance)
90 - 95% of people with diabetes
symptoms can take years to develop and hard to spot Gestational Diabetes (CDC) - Correct Answer: - develops in pregnant women who have never had diabetes
baby is more likely to have obesity as a child or teen, and more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life too
usually goes away after your baby is born but increases your risk for type 2 diabetes later in life
usually doesn't have symptoms (test you for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks) Pre-diabetes (CDC) - Correct Answer: - 96 million adults—more than 1 in 3
more than 8 in 10 of them don't know they have it
raises your risk for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke Type 1 diabetes risk factors (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Family history: parent, brother, or sister with type 1 diabetes.
Age: more likely to develop when you're a child, teen, or young adult.
whites are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than African Americans and Hispanic/Latino Americans Type 2 diabetes risk factors (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Have prediabetes
Overweight
45 years or older
Have a parent, brother, or sister with type 2 diabetes
Physically active less than 3 times a week
Have ever had gestational diabetes or given birth to a baby who weighed more than 9 pounds

Regular physical activity = at least 150 minutes a week of brisk walking or a similar activity
National Diabetes Prevention Program (participating in the program can lower your risk by as much as 58%....71% if you're over age 60) _ Managing Diabetes (CDC) - Correct Answer: - healthy eating
being active
medicines
keep BP and cholesterol in range
check blood sugar regularly and keep towards target doctor sets
manage stress (sleep, physical activity, relaxation exercises)
regular appointments with health care team
Monitor your feet, skin, and eyes to catch problems early Preventing type 2 diabetes in children - Correct Answer: - More than 75% of children with type 2 diabetes have a close relative who has it, too
Drinking more water and fewer sugary drinks
Eating more fruits and vegetables
Making favorite foods healthier
Making physical activity more fun A1C Test (CDC) - Correct Answer: - measures your average blood sugar level over the past 2 or 3 months
Normal = below 5.7% is normal
Prediabetes = between 5.7 and 6.4%
Diabetes = 6.5% or higher Fasting blood sugar test (CDC) - Correct Answer: - measures your blood sugar after an overnight fast (not eating)
Normal = 99 mg/dL or lower
Prediabetes = 100 to 125 mg/dL |
Diabetes = 126 mg/dL or higher Glucose Tolerance Test (CDC) - Correct Answer: measures your blood sugar before and after you drink a liquid that contains glucose. You'll fast (not eat) overnight before the test and have your blood drawn to determine your fasting blood sugar level. Then you'll drink the liquid and have your blood sugar level checked 1 hour, 2 hours, and possibly 3 hours afterward At 2 hours....
Normal = 140 mg/dL or lower
Prediabetes = 140 to 199 mg/dL
Diabetes = 200 mg/dL or higher Random blood sugar test (CDC) -

Correct Answer: - measures your blood sugar at the time you're tested

don't need to fast
blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL or higher indicates you have diabetes Glucose Screening Test for Gestational Diabetes (CDC) - Correct Answer: - measures your blood sugar at the time you're tested.
You'll drink a liquid that contains glucose, and then 1 hour later your blood will be drawn to check your blood sugar level.
Normal = 140 mg/dL or lower. **If your level is higher than 140 mg/dL, you'll need to take a glucose tolerance test. Factors that can contribute to obesity (CDC) - Correct Answer: - physical inactivity
dietary patterns
medication use (steroids and some antidepressants)
diseases (Cushing's disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome)
food and physical activity environment
education and skills
food marketing and promotion
genetics (Genes give the body instructions for responding to changes in its environment; results from complex interactions among multiple genes and environmental factors) Health Consequences of obesity (CDC) - Correct Answer: - All-causes of death (mortality)
High blood pressure (hypertension)
High LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, or high levels of triglycerides (Dyslipidemia)
Type 2 diabetes
Coronary heart disease
Stroke
Gallbladder disease
Osteoarthritis (a breakdown of cartilage and bone within a joint)
Sleep apnea and breathing problems
Many types of cancers
Low quality of life
Mental illness such as clinical depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders
Body pain and difficulty with physical functioning Economic and Societal consequences of obesity (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Direct medical costs = preventive, diagnostic, and treatment services
Indirect costs = sickness and death and lost productivity National Estimated cost of obesity (2008) - Correct Answer: - US Obesity-related medical care costs = $147 billion
Annual nationwide productivity costs of obesity-related absenteeism = between $3. billion ($79 per obese individual) and $6.38 billion ($132 per individual with obesity).

BMI may fail to accurately reflect body fatness in adults who have lost substantial amounts of muscle mass Types of abdominal fat (Harvard) - Correct Answer: - subcutaneous fat = located in the fatty tissue just beneath the skin; it's no friend to health, but it's no special threat either
visceral fat = located around the internal organs, and it's the true villain of the piece Hazards of Visceral fat (Harvard) - Correct Answer: - overactivity of the body's stress response mechanism
Lipotoxicity = visceral fat cells release their metabolic products directly into the portal circulation, which carries blood straight to the liver--->visceral fat cells that are enlarged and stuffed with excess triglycerides pour free fatty acids into the liver --->accumulate in cells that are not engineered to store fat (liver, pancreas, heart, and other organs) --->organ dysfunction Most accurate method for measuring body fat (Harvard) - Correct Answer: computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) *but expensive & use sophisticated equipment Waist to hip ratio - Correct Answer: - Waist (in inches) / Hips (in inches) = ratio
Chance of suffering a heart attack or stroke increases steadily as... man's ratio = above 0. women ratio = above 0.85. BMI vs. Weight Circumference (Harvard) - Correct Answer: - BMI is more complex, but waist measurement is more prone to errors than measuring height and weight
use both
BMI = best estimate of your total body fatness
Waist measurement = best estimate of your visceral fat and risk of obesity-related disease Coronary Artery (or heart) Disease (CDC) - Correct Answer: - most common type of heart disease in the United States
caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries) and other parts of the body.
Plaque is made up of deposits of cholesterol and other substances in the artery
build up can lead to atherosclerosis ATHEROSCLEROSIS (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which can partially or totally block the blood flow Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease -

Correct Answer: - Angina (most common)

For many, first clue that they have CAD is a heart attack. Heart attack symptoms (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Chest pain or discomfort (angina)- center or left side of the chest that lasts for more than a few minutes or that goes away and comes back
Weakness, light-headedness, nausea (feeling sick to your stomach)
cold sweat
Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back.
Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulder
Shortness of breath
unusual or unexplained tiredness and nausea or vomiting (more common in women) Risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Overweight
physical inactivity
unhealthy eating
smoking tobacco
family history of heart disease (especially those with history of age 50 or younger) Tests to diagnose Coronary Artery Disease (CDC) - Correct Answer: - ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram)
Echocardiogram
Exercise stress test
Chest X-ray
Cardiac catheterization
Coronary angiogram
Coronary artery calcium scan ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram) - Correct Answer: Measures the electrical activity, rate, and regularity of your heartbeat. Echocardiogram - Correct Answer: Uses ultrasound (special sound wave) to create a picture of the heart. Exercise Stress Test - Correct Answer: Measures your heart rate while you walk on a treadmill. This helps to determine how well your heart is working when it has to pump more blood. cardiac catheterization - Correct Answer: Checks the inside of your arteries for blockage by inserting a thin, flexible tube through an artery in the groin, arm, or neck to reach the heart. Health care professionals can measure blood pressure within the heart and the strength of blood flow through the heart's chambers as well as collect blood samples from the heart or inject dye into the arteries of the heart (coronary arteries).

Diabetes mellitus.
Obesity LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol - Correct Answer: "bad" cholesterol because it can cause plaque buildup in your arteries HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, - Correct Answer: "good" cholesterol because higher levels provide some protection against heart disease Heart Attack Risk Factors: Behaviors (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Eating a diet high in saturated fats, trans fat, and cholesterol
excess sodium (Because increase blood pressure)
Not enough physical activity
Drinking too much alcohol
Tobacco use (or second hand smoke) Heart Attack Risk Factors: Race/ Ethnicity - Correct Answer: Heart disease is the leading cause of death for people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, and white people. For Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and Hispanics, heart disease is second only to cancer. Stroke (CDC) - Correct Answer: - occurs when something blocks blood supply to part of the brain (ischemic stroke) or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts (hemorrhagic stroke)
Although your brain makes up only 2% of your body weight, it uses 20% of the oxygen you breathe
brain cells start to die within minutes because they can't get oxygen Signs of Stroke - Correct Answer: - Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body.
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech.
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination.
Sudden severe headache with no known cause. F.A.S.T - Correct Answer: *F—Face: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop? A—Arms: Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward? S—Speech: Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is the speech slurred or strange? T—Time: If you see any of these signs, call 9- 1 - 1 right away.

stroke treatments that work best are available only if the stroke is recognized and diagnosed within 3 hours of the first symptoms
Note the time when any symptoms first appear

Call ambulance so they can give treatment on way to hospital TIA (transient ischemic attack) - Correct Answer: - If your symptoms go away after a few minutes

sign of a serious condition that will not go away without medical help Risk Factors for Stroke: Medical Conditions (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Previous Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
High blood pressure (leading cause of stroke)
High cholesterol
Heart disease (Coronary artery disease; heart valve defects, irregular heartbeat (including atrial fibrillation), and enlarged heart chambers)
Diabetes
Sickle cell diseases ABCs of Stroke Prevention (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Aspirin: Aspirin may help lower your risk for stroke.
Blood Pressure: Control your blood pressure.
Cholesterol: Control your cholesterol.
Smoking: Quit smoking or don't start. Risk Factors for Stroke: Behaviors (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Unhealthy diet (high in saturated fats, trans fat, and cholesterol, sodium)
Physical inactivity
Obesity
Too much alcohol
Tobacco use Risk Factors for Stroke: Family History/ other factors (CDC) - Correct Answer: - Genetics and family history (Family members share genes, behaviors, lifestyles, and environments)
Age (about doubles every 10 years after age 55) *
Sex (more common in women than men; pregnancy and birth control pills) *about one in seven strokes occur in adolescents and young adults ages 15 to 49
Race/ ethnicity = Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians, and Alaska Natives (risk of first stroke = 2x black’s vs whites) Metabolic Syndrome (NIH) - Correct Answer: - group of conditions that together raise your risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and other serious health problems
also called insulin resistance syndrome
have three or more of the following conditions:

a large waistline (abdominal fat)
high blood pressure
high blood sugar levels
Low HDL levels/ Abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels

Sleep problems
Some medicines (treat allergies, bipolar disorder, depression, HIV, and schizophrenia)
Sex (older women have higher risk = menopause) infants, a low birth weight and rapid weight gain after birth can raise the risk How to prevent Metabolic Syndrome (NIH) - Correct Answer: - healthy weight

heart-healthy lifestyle changes
routine health care visits (keep track of your cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels) Treatment of metabolic syndrome (NIH) - Correct Answer: - main goal = lower your risk of heart disease and to prevent type 2 diabetes
Aim for a healthy weight.
Choose heart-healthy foods.
Get regular physical activity.
Manage stress.
Quit smoking.
Get enough good-quality sleep.
Medicines (lower blood pressure; triglycerides, good HDL, blood sugar)
Weight loss medicines or surgery Medicines to lower blood pressure (NIH) - Correct Answer: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, and beta blockers Medicines to control triglycerides and LDL - Correct Answer: - statins and niacin
Omega Fatty Acids Medicines to lower blood sugar level - Correct Answer: Insulin sensitizer Health problems causes by metabolic syndrome - Correct Answer: - Coronary heart disease
Erectile dysfunction
Heart failure
Long-term inflammation and problems with your immune system
Organ damage (pancreas, liver, gall bladder, and kidneys)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, and gestational diabetes
Problems with thinking and memory
Sleep apnea
Certain Cancers
Stroke

Type 2 diabetes Types of arthritis - Correct Answer: osteoarthritis and rheumatoid Osteoarthritis (CDC) - Correct Answer: - degenerative joint disease or "wear and tear" arthritis
most frequently in hands, hips, and knees
cartilage within a joint begins to break down and the underlying bone begins to change
affects over 32.5 million US adults Signs/ symptoms of osteoarthritis - Correct Answer: - Pain or aching
Stiffness
Decreased range of motion (or flexibility)
Swelling Risk Factors of osteoarthritis - Correct Answer: - Joint injury or overuse
Age
Gender (Women, especially after age 50)
Obesity (extra weight on joints and metabolic effects)
Genetics (Family history/ if have OA in another part of the body)
Race (Some Asian populations have lower risk for OA) Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis - Correct Answer: - review of symptoms, physical examination, X-rays, and lab tests
rheumatologist Treatment of Osteoarthritis - Correct Answer: - Increasing physical activity
Physical therapy with muscle strengthening exercises
Weight loss
Medications, including over-the-counter pain relievers and prescription drugs
Supportive devices such as crutches or canes
Surgery (if other treatment options have not been effective) Managing Osteoarthritis & Improving Quality of Life - Correct Answer: - Learn self-management skills (join a class with others who have OA)
Physical activity/ go to physical activity programs (walking, swimming, or biking; class can help build safe practices; 150 min/week)
Talk to doctor
Lose weight
Protect your joints (low impact activities) rheumatoid arthritis -

NBHWC EXAM | HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY LIFE | 286 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS, Exams of Health, psychology

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Partial preview of the text

Download NBHWC EXAM | HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY LIFE | 286 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS and more Exams Health, psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

NBHWC EXAM | HEALTH RELATED QUALITY LIFE |286 QUESTIONS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS