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NCE Exam 2025 | National Counseling Exam
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A special education child has considerable difficulty writing words because of physical limitations. Periodically, the teacher reinforces the child with a smile and an encouraging word. This is an example of reinforcement A. variable interval B. variable ratio C. fixed interval D. fixed ratio ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A variable interval A new, multifaceted career assessment and information system has been developed, a part of which will replace the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The developer is the Department of Labor and it is expected to see wide usage in the Career One-Stop Centers. This system is called A. DISCOVER B. Improved Career Decision Making Model C. ONET D. Harrington-O'Shea ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. ONET Experts in substance abuse counseling report the widespread existence of one or more codependents in the family of the substance abuser. Core issues in treating substance abuse include
A. age, education, and social class. B. dual diagnosis, denial, and motivation. C. family, support group, and extended family. D. faith, spirituality, and belief in God. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B. dual diagnosis, denial, and motivation. One of Annika's clients is a high school sophomore referred by an assistant principal for truancy and disruptive behavior. During their second session, the student inadvertently tells Annika that he earns "spending money" selling marijuana to other students. At this point in the session, Annika lets the student know she will need to tell the principal about this activity. The student gets angry and accuses her of being a "snitch." Annika reminds the student that A. the student handbook forbids drugs on campus. B. marijuana is a gateway drug to more serious drugs. C. he signed a disclosure form when counseling began indicating the counselor's need to report. D. students who purchased marijuana from this client are at risk for expulsion. ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. he signed a disclosure form when counseling began indicating the counselor's need to report. In conducting a group, both content and process are important. During each session, one can designate a warm-up, action, and closure portions. In general, one would want the following combination of content/process and warm- up/action/closure. A. More content in warm-up and more process in closure. B. Equal amounts of content and process in all three portions.
A group of 100 individuals completed two tests. Their scores on both tests are plotted on a chart. If the slope of the regression line (line of best fit) angles from top left to bottom right, the counselor reviewing this data could conclude there is a ____________ correlation between the two variables measured. A. zero B. positive C. negative D. parametric ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. negative A researcher designs an experimental study on a college campus which focuses on sexual harassment and date rape. An experimental and a control group of 50 freshmen were randomly selected. The experimental group spent one hour for each of six weeks in discussion groups in September and October. In April, the researcher designed a survey to measure any differences in knowledge and behavior between the two groups pertaining to sexual harassment and date rape. Unfortunately, many students were not available to complete the instrument. Potential internal validity issues in this study include A. attrition and instrumentation. B. seleCtion of subjects and experimenter bias. C. mortality and maturation. D. Hawthorne effect and experimenter bias. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- C. mortality and maturation.
In her career development theory, Linda Gottfredson identified four stages of development experienced by children. During the second stage, children begin to rule out some jobs as not appropriate for them. This stage is characterized by an orientation of children to A. sex roles. B. internal, unique characteristics of self. C. size and power. D. social valuation. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. sex roles. Jaime, a sixteen year old sophomore, has developed a pattern of skipping classes. His homework is seldom completed and when it is, it does not represent his ability level. His parents have begun to look for an appropriate counselor for him. Although they don't know all the approaches available, Jaime might be helped best with a counselor using theoretical concepts from A. behavioral and existential. B. person-centered and rational emotive behavior. C. Adlerian and psychoanalytic. D. Gestalt and reality. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D. Gestalt and reality. A sixth-grader has lost interest in school work. Her attitude is evident in her statement, "What's the use? It doesn't matter what I do, I still get bad grades." Her attitude may reflect A. external locus of control. B. internal locus of control. C. academic deficiencies.
Counseling by computer is increasing in popularity. In addition to potential ethical issues around counselor qualifications and confidentiality, the counseling relationship is most hindered by the absence of A. proxemic behavior. B. facial expressions. C. interplay between verbal and nonverbal messages. D. dress. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. interplay between verbal and nonverbal messages. At a treatment center for delinquent girls, one of Carmen's clients expresses considerable rage toward her probation officer for "putting me in this place." The girl has a plan to harm the probation officer when she gets an opportunity. Carmen believes she is justified in breaking confidence and warning the probation officer because of the A. Buckley amendment. B. 72-hour hold law. C. mandatory disclosure rule. D. Tarasoff case. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D. Tarasoff case. An elementary school counselor is designing a career development program to be implemented during the next school year. One of the student competencies the counselor would like to address at the elementary school level is A. skills in making career transitions. B. deciding on a career. C. knowledge of the importance of the self-concept.
D. skills to locate and interpret career information. ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------C. knowledge of the importance of the self-concept. Before writing an article for publication in a specific journal, the researcher should A. examine copies of that journal before writing the manuscript. B. identify at least two additional journals for simultaneous submission. C. find a co-author. D. contact the journal editor. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. examine copies of that journal before writing the manuscript. There are a number of strategies useful in facilitating change or the implementation of a program. One of these strategies is based on Kurt Lewin's field theory and requires the identification of critical and facilitating actors as well as prevailing and restraining variables. This strategy is called A. Delphi technique. B. force-field analysis. C. conflict resolution. D. nominal group activity. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. Delphi technique. Cognitive therapy for the treatment of depression has been in existence for many years. As he performed psychotherapy, Aaron Beck, the principal architect of cognitive therapy, identified "automatic thoughts" his clients exhibited. He did not believe that these negative automatic thoughts "caused depression." Beck
C. oral stage. D. genital stage. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. anal stage. Counselors are expected to share with clients at the initial session information about counseling goals, techniques, counselor qualifications, and counseling limitations. This information is called A. duty to warn. B. release of information. C. professional liability statement. D. statement of disclosure. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D. statement of disclosure. A counseling group begins with ten individuals. By the end of the third session, two members have dropped from the group for a variety of reasons. One of the remaining members knows of an individual who would like to join the group. The member asks the group leader if this is possible and he tells her no. It is likely that this is a _____________ group. A. closed B. homogeneous C. working D. structured ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. closed Awareness by career counselors of the cultural values and environment of minority group members they counsel will make such counseling more effective.
Which of the following is generally NOT true in regard to ethnic groups in this country? A. Minority group members are likely to experience discrimination and prejudice in employment. B. The concept of "last hired, first fired" often applies to minority group members. C. The absence of role models encourages minority group members to accept non-traditional employment. D. There is a sense of wariness and distrust by minority group members of new employment and training programs. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. The absence of role models encourages minority group members to accept non- traditional employment. A behavioral counselor is working with a client who complains of anxiety. Together the counselor and the client examine both the antecedents and consequences of the behavior (anxiety). Understanding the nature of operant conditioning, the counselor and the client decide to eliminate the unwanted behavior through extinction by A. aversive counterconditioning B. implosion or flooding C. punishment D. thought stopping ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B. implosion or flooding A counselor is developing a genogram during the second session in family counseling. As the clients talk of their family backgrounds, the counselor realizes that the wife in counseling is actually her second or third cousin of which the
Research suggests that television may be an important socializing force on children. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Observation of television violence has been shown to increase aggression in viewers. B. The most effective positive models on television are those who resemble parents and teachers. C. Television may affect children's world view in such a way that they see the world as mean and scary. D. Television has little potential to teach children positive, prosocial behaviors. ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D. Television has little potential to teach children positive, prosocial behaviors. On a college campus, a group of minority students has been protesting their treatment alluding to harassing comments by whites and what they believe to be discrimination in the grading system by their professors. Eleven of these students have come to the campus counseling center and want to begin a group experience to arrive at some answers and find solutions. The most appropriate theoretical orientation of the counselor assigned to lead the group is A. behavioral B. psychoanalytic C. gestalt D. client-centered ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. Behavioral Which of the following is NOT an axis dimension of the DSM-IV? A. Age of syndrome appearance. B. Medical condition
C. Clinical disorder D. Psychosocial and environmental problems. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---A. Age of syndrome appearance An employment counselor uses the General Aptitude Test Battery which means nine aptitudes important for different jobs. His clients are typically uneducated. Because the counselor is concerned how his clients' scores stack up against others and how they would perceive their aptitudes, he interprets the scores to each of his clients A. ipsatively B. using national norms. C. using local norms. D. in relationship to other tests ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. ipsatively In the last few years several national surveys have been conducted inquiring about career related issues. These surveys, typically conducted with adults, rely on self-report data to draw conclusions in a variety of areas. In general, an accurate statement that can be drawn from these recent surveys is A. the vast majority of workers hold jobs for which they carefully planned. B. over fifty percent of the workers indicated that they planned to change jobs during the next three years. C. the majority of workers would try to gather more information about their options if they were to start their career over again. D. there is a small need for career counselors. ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----C. the majority of workers would try to gather more information about their options if they were to start their career over again
A school counselor is interested in determining whether seniors who have jobs receive lower grades on national test scores than those who do not work. Let's assume that in May of the school year he finds that approximately 250 seniors worked this past school year and 250 did not. He compares their GPA, class rank information, and ACT scores. If all these indicators were lower for the seniors who worked, the counselor would be tempted to say that having a job causes the lower indicators. He would be wrong to say that because this study is A. a causal-comparative investigation B. an experiment C. a survey D. a descriptive study ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. causal- comparative investigation Historically, there were many influences on the development of the testing movement. Which one of the following was NOT an early influence? A. Civil rights movement. B. Compulsory school attendance C. World War I. D. Advances in statistical methodology ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. Civil rights movement Gender role socialization occurs in most cultures and includes the development of role stereotypes which may be rigid and fixed. Imitation and identification with a same-sex model facilitates the learning of gender roles. Gender role socialization
A. is primarily based on heredity B. seldom occurs within the family. C. becomes a basic component of our self-concept. D. is usually complete by six years of age. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. becomes a basic component of our self-concept Jason, the sole source of income in the family, suffers unemployment unexpectedly. As the unemployment continues, a variety of consequences are likely to ensue for him, his wife, and children. Research suggests that A. the next job Jason finds will probably be better than the last one. B. the children should not be told of their father's unemployment in order to reduce their anxiety. C. it is unlikely that Jason will experience the grief cycle. D. as unemployment continues, his wife will slowly pull away from her circle of friends. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D. as unemployment continues, his wife will slowly pull away from her circle of friends. In a behavioral group context, which of the following are key terms? A. Self-monitoring and contracts. B. 'Here and now' and blocks to energy. C. Value judgement and positive addiction. D. Catharsis and ego integrity. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A. Self- monitoring and contracts
psychoeducational class (18-20 students). There was also a possibility of an interaction between gender and the kind of service they received. The appropriate statistical technique to use in this situation was A. one-way analysis of variance B. factorial analysis of variance. C. t-test D. multivariate analysis of variance. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B. factorial analysis of variance A 45-year old woman is returning to the labor market after an absence of nearly 20 years. She does not know what work she should apply for because she claims she has no skills. Besides dealing with self-concept and confidence issues the career counselor will attempt to help the woman identify A. obsolescence factors B. "empty nest" issues C. a mentor D. transferable skills ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D. transferable skills Accreditation of counselor training programs requires that counseling theories are taught followed by a developmental process of skill building and applications in practica and internship. A key component of accreditation is evaluation of this skill development. The body which accredits more counselor training programs than any other is A. American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy B. Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Program
C. American Psychological Association D. North Central Association of Schools and Colleges ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------B. Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs CACREP Antidepressants are used to treat a variety of "affective disorders" Lithium could be one drug prescribed for those who have been diagnosed as A. schizophrenic B. phobic C. alcoholic D. bipolar depressive ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D. bipolar depressive Linda, an applicant for a graduate program in business is a client of a mental health counselor. One day the counselor receives a call from the university where Linda is applying and asks for a recommendation for her. She listed the counselor as a reference on her graduate school application. An appropriate response by the counselor is A. tell the university that she will encourage Linda to share everything she wants with the university directly. B. knowing Linda is very excited to enroll in that program, tell the university she would be an excellent student. C. tell the university what questions they might ask Linda if they interview her. D. tell the university Linda must sign a release of information agreement before any information can be provided. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D. tell the university Linda must sign a release of information agreement before any information can be provided.
