NEONATAL
INFECTIONS/PNE
UMONIA
Yaricxa Lux
RCT 2613 Neonatal/Pediatrics Management
10/18/2023
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Neonatal Pneumonia: Etiology, Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Lecture notes of Neonatology
An in-depth analysis of neonatal pneumonia, a respiratory infection of the lungs that can cause poor gas exchange and is the single largest infectious cause of death in children worldwide. It discusses the etiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal pneumonia, including the most common bacterial isolates, transmission methods, and predisposing risk factors. The document also references reputable sources such as the centers for disease control and prevention and the world health organization.
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2022/2023
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NEONATAL
INFECTIONS/PNE
UMONIA
Yaricxa Lux RCT 2613 Neonatal/Pediatrics Management 10/18/
NEONATAL
INFECTIONS/PNEUMONIA
(^) A respiratory infection of the lungs that can cause poor gas exchange. (^) Classified as an acute respiratory infection (^) According to the CDC pneumonia is the single largest infectious cause of death in children worldwide.
ETIOLOGY CONT.
(^) Pneumonia in neonates is transmitted in 3 ways: (^) Intrauterine (Transplacental) – Occurs at gestation and is a result of clinical or subclinical infections and hematogenous transplacental transmission to the uterus. (^) Ascending Vertical Transmission - Occurs during birth through aspiration of contaminated amniotic fluid in the vaginal tract. (^) Postnatal (Nosocomial or Community Acquired) - acquired after birth from the newborn being in direct contact with the mother, healthcare personnel, or invasive equipment and/or respiratory equipment.
ETIOLOGY CONT.
(^) Pre-disposing risk factors (^) Premature infants (^) Low birth weight infants <2500 g (^) Prolonged rupture of membranes (^) Maternal peripartum fever, chorioamnionitis, urinary tract infection, previous delivery with GBS.
DIAGNOSIS
(^) There are several ways to diagnose pneumonia in neonatal patients: (^) Chest radiograph : Pleural effusions, consolidation, pneumatocele (^) Clinical lab work : CBC for leukopenia and leukocytosis, sputum cultures, temperature instability (^) Gas exchange: O desaturations
TREATMENTS
(^) Treatment for pneumonia includes (^) Antibiotics : ampicillin and gentamicin (^) Antiviral therapy : Acyclovir (^) Oxygenation : Maintaining adequate PaO2 and SpO (^) Adequate ventilation : Chest physiotherapy, suctioning (avoid deep suctioning)