NEOPLASIA
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Neoplasia Nomenclature and Cancer Pathogenesis, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Medical Sciences
Information on the nomenclature of different types of tumors, including mixed tumors, teratomas, choristomas, and hamartomas. It also discusses the differentiation between benign and malignant cells, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ. The document further explains the molecular basis of multistep carcinogenesis, tumor cell kinetics, tumor angiogenesis, mechanisms of invasion and metastasis, chemical carcinogenesis, immunosurveillance, grading and staging of tumors, and laboratory diagnosis of cancer using histologic and immunohistochemistry methods.
Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research
2022/2023
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NEOPLASIA
NOMENCLATURE
All tumors have 2 basic
components:
1. The “transformed”
neoplastic cells
2. The supporting stroma
Some tumors appear to have more
than 1 parenchymal cell types:
1. Mixed Tumors
2. Teratomas
Mixed Tumor
Derived from 1 germ cell layer that
differentiates into more than 1
parenchymal cell type.
Ex: Mixed Salivary Gland Tumor
contains epithelial cells as well as myxoid
stroma & cartilage–like tissue. All elements
arise from altered differentiation of ductal
epithelial cells
Teratomas
Made up of a variety of parenchymal cell
types representative of more than 1 germ
cell layer, usually all 3.
They arise from totipotential cells that
retain the ability to form endodermal,
ectodermal, & mesenchymal tissues.
Such tumors are principally in the testis &
ovary.
Teratomas
Choristoma
Ectopic, sometimes nodular, rests of
nontransformed tissues.
Ex: Pancreatic cells under the small
bowel mucosa
Choristoma
Hamartomas of the Lung
Characteristic Benign Malignant
- Differentiation Closely mimic corresponding normal cells a. Nuclear & Cellular Pleomorphism b. Hyperchromatism c. Nuclear-cytoplasmic Ratio = 1: d. Abundant Abnormal Mitotic Figures e. Tumor Giant Cells f. Presence of Nucleolus
- Rate of Growth Mostly slow- growing Mostly expand rapidly
- Local Invasion Expansile growth & do not breach capsule Invasive , infiltrating, & destroying surrounding normal tissues
- Metastasis No Yes
Differentiation
Histology Benign
Differentiation
Histology Malignant
Differentiation
Benign Malignant
MALIGNANT CELL ATLAS