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NERC Prep - Bal, Int, & Trans Test-Practice questions for the NERC exam |
Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated 202 5 /202 6 (Graded A+)
b. NERC Operating Committee - ✔✔What group can approve a change in the Disturbance Recovery Period for an Interconnection? a. NERC Interconnection Working Group b. NERC Operating Committee c. NERC Regional Council d. NERC Disturbance Analysis Working Group c. Check targets and equipment - ✔✔What is the first thing an operator should do after a relay operation? a. Check power system stabilizers b. Notify adjacent Transmission and Balancing areas c. Check targets and equipment d. Notify their PSE that the transmission path is out of service c. Tie Lines - ✔✔For the ACE equation to work properly, dynamic schedules, pseudo ties, frequency calculations, and all must be metered. a. Communications b. Transformers c. Tie Lines d. Generation c. Energy Emergency Alert Level I - ✔✔What Energy Alert Level would the following example be categorized as? "A Balancing Authority, Reserve Sharing Group, or Load Serving Entity foresees, or is experiencing conditions where all available resources are committed to meet firm load, firm transactions, etc, and requests an Energy Emergency Alert." a. Energy Emergency Alert Level IV
b. Energy Emergency Alert Level III c. Energy Emergency Alert Level I d. Energy Emergency Alert Level II b. Implement the appropriate congestion management procedure. - ✔✔You are a Reliability Coordinator in the Eastern Interconnection. A flow gate has become overloaded because a parallel 345kV line has relayed out and part of that load has transferred over to the flow gate causing an SOL and possible IROL violation. What would you do to relieve this violation? a. Notify another Reliability Coordinator and ask them if they are having any problem, and what should you do. b. Implement the appropriate congestion management procedure. c. Issue a Transmission warning to the Transmission Operators that lost the 345kV line. d. Place the line back in service within 30 minutes. b. Adjacent Balancing Authorities - ✔✔Interchange schedules may be implemented between . a. Source and Sink Balancing Authorities b. Adjacent Balancing Authorities c. Sending, Receiving and Intermediate Balancing Authorities in the same Region. d. Balancing Authorities in the same Interconnection. a. Frequency will continue to drop, generator governor response, decrease in load. - ✔✔When the frequency of an Interconnection decreases due to the loss of a large generator, the until the combination of both and replace the output of the lost generator. a. Frequency will continue to drop, generator governor response, decrease in load b. Frequency will continue to drop, generator governor response, voltage regulating transformer response c. Voltage will continue to raise, generator AVR response, voltage regulating transformer response d. Voltage will continue to raise, generator AVR response, decrease in load
c. The BA recovered more than 80% of its most severe single largest contingency within 15 minutes. No EEA is required. d. The BA must notify the RC that a unit has been lost and EEA Level 1 is required. b. Ground Fault - ✔✔A tree has been growing under a 230kV transmission line getting closer every year. As a result of the heavy transfer of megawatts on this particular day, the line sags too close and flashes over to the tree causing the transmission line to relay out. What type of fault would this fault be classified as? a. Overvoltage Fault b. Ground Fault c. Differential Fault d. Positive Sequence Fault b. CPS1 greater than or equal to 100% and CPS2 greater than or equal to 90% - ✔✔To conform to the CPS requirements, a Balancing Authority must have a. a. CPS1 greater than or equal to 90% or CPS2 greater than or equal to 110% b. CPS1 greater than or equal to 100% and CPS2 greater than or equal to 90% c. CPS1 greater than or equal to 200% and CPS2 greater than or equal to 100% d. CPS1 greater than or equal to 90% and CPS2 greater than or equal to 100% a. Past load patterns - ✔✔In order to predict the system's near term load pattern, a system operator must have information including weather forecasts and. a. Past load patterns b. Generator overhaul schedules c. Sufficient metering d. Generator efficiency ratings a. No tag is needed because the emergency transaction has duration less than 60 minutes. - ✔✔A Balancing Authority has unexpectedly lost 300 MW of generation and has arranged to receive emergency energy from a neighboring Balancing Authority for 40 minutes, after which the emergency energy will be replaced by an energy purchase from a PSE. Which of the following is a correct statement for the operating reserve transaction?
a. No tag is needed because the emergency transaction has duration less than 60 minutes. b. The PSE must provide a tag for the emergency energy within 60 minutes c. The Sink Balancing Authority must provide a tag for the emergency energy within 60 minutes d. The Source Balancing Authority for the emergency energy must provide a tag within 60 minutes a. Notify the RC that this BA is in an EEA Level 2; start all available generation; schedule interchange purchases; prepare to reduce firm load. - ✔✔A Balancing Authority Area has a load forecast for 5, MWs for today's peak at 1430. The Interchange Schedule shows 1,500 MWs of imports for HE 0400 through HE 2200; the largest single transaction is 1,200 MWs. The total generation on line is 7,500 MWs. The largest single generator in the area is an 800 MW coal unit. At 1215 a thunder storm trips 3, MWs of generation with a minimum resynchronizing time of 3 hours. And simultaneously trips 1, MW of generation in the area exporting 1,200 MWs to this BA. The exporting BA instantly cuts the schedule to ZERO. This BA is NOT part of a Reserve Sharing Group. What action must this BA take? a. Notify the RC that this BA is in an EEA Level 2; start all available generation; schedule interchange purchases; prepare to reduce firm load. b. Notify the RC that this BA is in EEA Level 1; notify all power plants to be on alert; purchase emergency power. c. Notify the RC that this BA is in EEA Level 3; notify Transmission Operator and all Load Serving Entities that Load Shed is eminent. d. Notify the RC that this BA is contacting TOPs and LSEs to shed 200 MW of load. a. Differential Relay - ✔✔A substation maintenance employee calls the control room and says that the west bus at one of your substations has relayed with a target 87 showing on the bus relay panel. What type of relay has operated? a. Differential Relay b. Distance Relay c. Time Overcurrent Relay d. Lockout Relay d. Dynamic - ✔✔Examples of reactive resources include generators, synchronous condensers, SVC's and lightly loaded transmission lines. a. Costly b. Static
c. The hourly megawatt-hour values of individual interconnecting tie lines d. The hourly megawatt-hour values of Net Actual Interchange c. Shed load at the end of the line - ✔✔A radial transmission line feeding a load is overloaded. The transmission operator must do which of the following to unload the line? a. Lower interchange schedules b. Raise interchange schedules c. Shed load at the end of the line d. Notify BA to adjust AGC c. Current Transformers - ✔✔Protective relays such as Transmission Line relays and Transformer Differential relays have current flowing to them that is proportional to the current that is in the primary circuit. In most cases, what is used to transform the current from the primary circuit to a similar proportional amount that flows to the protective relay? a. Vacuum Interrupters b. Positive Sequence Instruments c. Current Transformers d. Series Capacitors d. The Transmission Operator for the area the generator is located. - ✔✔As a Generator Operator, you realize that your generator voltage is swinging wildly. You place your generator voltage regulator on manual, and adjust the voltage and reactive levels on the generator. Who do you contact and inform about the status of your generator voltage regulator? a. The Balancing Authority b. Power Marketers c. The Reliability Coordinator d. The Transmission Operator for the area the generator is located. d. Prepare for the next contingency - ✔✔A Transmission Operator experiences loss of a 230kV transmission line on a permanent fault. It will be out of service for two hours. In addition to making proper notifications, the Transmission Operator should take which of the following actions? a. Do nothing. In two hours, the system will be back to normal.
b. None of the choices provided are correct. c. Issue an urgent public appeal for energy conservation d. Prepare for the next contingency b. Misoperation - ✔✔"Any failure of a Protection System element to operate within the specified time when an abnormal condition occurs within a zone of protection". This definition is more closely related to which of the following term? a. Fault b. Misoperation c. Trip circuit failure d. Over Tripping d. Islanding - ✔✔When an area of the transmission system separates from the remainder of the Interconnection, this is referred to as. a. Instability b. System breakup c. Leaving the system d. Islanding a. Offer assistance to entities needing it - ✔✔Interconnection frequency is remaining around 59.92Hz, a BA's ACE is 0 and they have 60MW of extra generation. What should the BA do? a. Offer assistance to entities needing it b. Shed load c. Increase Generation d. Nothing a. 10 - ✔✔With regards to Voltage Control Theory, as long as power angles are less than degrees, reactive power will flow from the higher to the lower voltage magnitude. a. 10 b. 180
b. Balancing Authority c. Reliability Coordinator d. Transmission Operator c. Important - ✔✔Monitoring equipment must notify operating personnel of deviations in operating conditions. a. Constant b. All c. Important d. Consistent b. Energy Emergency - ✔✔When a load-serving entity has exhausted all other options and can no longer provide its customers expected energy requirements, which of the following more accurately describes this definition? a. Energy shortage b. Energy Emergency c. Load shortage d. Energy deficiency c. Balancing Authority A - ✔✔Balancing Authority A has a positive inadvertent interchange accumulation and Balancing Authority B has a negative accumulation. The two Balancing Authorities wish to begin a bilateral inadvertent interchange payback transaction of 100 MW per hour. Who is responsible for ensuring a tag is provided for this transaction? a. Balancing Authority B's Load Serving PSE b. Balancing Authority B c. Balancing Authority A d. Balancing Authority A's Load Serving PSE c. Isolate the load - ✔✔Each Transmission Operator is required to have a system restoration plan. What is the first thing a Transmission Operator must do when energizing a blacked out area? a. Close any capacitor banks which are open
b. Turn all voltage regulators to the manual position c. Isolate the load d. Contact the Regional Reliability Organization b. 90 degrees - ✔✔Transient instability occurs when a disturbance such as a fault on the system causes power angle excursions greater than that makes the system unstable. a. 120 degrees b. 90 degrees c. 10 degrees d. 180 degrees b. The reactive requirements will change; the operator must respond accordingly - ✔✔A Transmission Operator should remember that if the system can support voltage now, as system load increases, and. a. All capacitor banks should be removed from service; generator should be operating a maximum reactive output. b. The reactive requirements will change; the operator must respond accordingly. c. The reactive requirements will change very little; no further action will be necessary d. Tap changing transformers should be turned to manual; capacitor banks should be removed from service. d. To ensure that, over the long term, Balancing Authority Areas do not excessively depend on other Balancing Authority Areas for meeting their demand or Interchange obligations. - ✔✔For what reason is NERC concerned with balancing Inadvertent Interchange among the Balancing Authorities? a. To provide a benefit to those organizations that take on the responsibility of operating a Balancing Authority. b. So that larger energy providers can demonstrate the profitability of owning and operating generation and transmission facilities. c. To maintain adequate reliability of energy transactions across each Interconnection. d. To ensure that, over the long term, Balancing Authority Areas do not excessively depend on other Balancing Authority Areas for meeting their demand or Interchange obligations.
b. During projected light loading - ✔✔When would be the best time to schedule a capacitor bank outage? a. During summer peak loading b. During projected light loading c. When all other reactive sources in that area are scheduled for an outage d. During winter peak loading b. Enable all governors to share in frequency regulation, and ensure the bulk system does not enter into power oscillations. - ✔✔What does governor droop accomplish? a. A decrease in generator shaft speed and in increase in generator's MW output. b. Enable all governors to share in frequency regulation, and ensure the bulk system does not enter into power oscillations. c. A graphical method of representing the performance of a governor. d. The demand at a given instant of time and the demand averaged over an hour. d. 2 - ✔✔Load increases or decreased according to the increase or decrease in frequency. For every 1% change in frequency, load will change approximately % in the same direction? a. 1 b. 5 c. 3 d. 2 a. Arrest Frequency Variations - ✔✔Governor droop is used to: a. Arrest Frequency Variations b. Restore Frequency to normal c. Represent energy lost due to inefficiencies in generation a. By averaging the frequency response for several disturbances during on-peak hours - ✔✔A Balancing Authority has determined it will use fixed Frequency Bias. How should it determine the value to use? a. By averaging the frequency response for several disturbances during on-peak hours
b. By averaging the frequency response for all disturbances during on-peak hours. c. By averaging the frequency response for all disturbances d. By averaging the frequency response for several disturbances during off-peak hours d. 21 Distance and a 64 Ground or 67 Directional Overcurrent - ✔✔What type of relays would you most likely find on each end of a 75 mile 230kV transmission line? a. 49 Thermals b. 27 Voltage or 25 Synchronous check c. 87 Differentials d. 21 Distance and a 64 Ground or 67 Directional Overcurrent a. Five - ✔✔Each Reliability Coordinator operator shall complete a minimum of days per year of training and drills using realistic simulations of system emergencies. a. Five b. Zero c. Two d. Three b. Its Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators. - ✔✔A Transmission Operator anticipating making a public appeal for load reductions throughout its system must notify. a. Its Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Transmission Operators b. Its Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators. c. Its Reliability Coordinator (the RC will, in turn, notify all others). d. All other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators. c. Responsibility and authority - ✔✔NERC Standard PER- 001 requires the Transmission Operator and the Balancing Authority to provide to operating personnel to implement real-time actions to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the Bulk Electric System. a. FERC standards
b. Do nothing unusual. There will be sufficient capacity and energy to meet the load and there will be only three hours of shortfall in reserves. c. Do nothing at present, but be ready to notify the Reliability Coordinator, other Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators if unable to obtain sufficient capacity in real time to cover the load and reserve requirements. d. Notify, through predetermined communication paths, the Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators of the problem. b. Operate the generator voltage within its safe limits at a level to maintain the voltage schedule at the interconnection of the generator facility and the transmission operator's common point. - ✔✔There is a high voltage alarm on a 500 MW generator. The generator operator notices that the overvoltage relay repeatedly attempts to lower the generator voltage but can't. The generator operator quickly switches the generator voltage regulator from automatic to manual and manually adjusts the voltage of the generator back down to a normal voltage level. After inspection, the test engineers indicate that the voltage regulator is broken, and will be out for several hours. At what reactive level should the generator operator have on the generator while the voltage regulator is out of service for repairs? a. Take the generator off line immediately b. Operate the generator voltage within its safe limits at a level to maintain the voltage schedule at the interconnection of the generator facility and the transmission operator's common point. c. Keep the generator at the lowest voltage level as possible to keep if from unexpected high voltage levels. d. Operate the generator at just under the high voltage alarm point to make sure the generator does not slip a pole in case of a voltage emergency on the transmission system. c. 120 MW - ✔✔In your Interconnection, a generator tripped that was large enough to reduce the frequency from 60.000 Hz to 59.940 Hz. Your Balancing Authority's Frequency Bias is 200 MW/0.1 Hz. How many MW would your system initially contribute to frequency support? a. 200 MW b. 80 MW c. 120 MW d. 100 MW a. Keep voltage schedules as low as the schedules will allow. - ✔✔Which of the following is NOT a correct action a Transmission Operator would consider when reactive resources are limited? a. Keep voltage schedules as low as the schedules will allow.
b. Ensure that sufficient dynamic and static Megavar sources are available c. To prevent a loss of synchronism type of voltage collapse, maintain system transfer limits to safe limits d. When conditions get critical, consider reducing MEGAWATT transfers to limit reactive power losses. b. ACE - ✔✔The change in demand-supply balance following a sudden loss of load or generation failure, results in a sudden change in the Balancing Authority's. a. Lambda b. ACE c. Income d. Reserves
