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NERC TOP System Operations Exam | Actual Questions and Answers Latest
Updated 202 5 /202 6 (Graded A+)
At what torque angle of operation does power typically begin to flow from the generator to the system? A) 90 degrees B) 60 degrees C) 30 degrees D) 10 degrees - ✔✔ 10 degrees Choose the answer that best describes the operation of a rotor. A) The stationary part of the transmission system. B) A type of superconductor. C) The stationary element of a generator that has its windings connected to the system. D) The excited (energized) field winding that rotates inside the stator to induce current into the stator windings. - ✔✔The excited (energized) field winding that rotates inside the stator to induce current into the stator windings. In a system that is more capacitive than inductive, the current sine wave will the voltage sine wave with tends to voltage. A) lag; raise B) lead; raise C) lead; lower D) lag; lower - ✔✔lead; raise Sustained operation with a power angle or torque angle above can lead to system instability.
A) 10 degrees B) 90 degrees C) 120 degrees D) 360 degrees - ✔✔ 90 degrees Which of the following conditions may cause transient instability in the power system? A) When the power angle increases to 90 degrees or more. B) When a disturbance causes momentary power angle excursions greater than 90 degrees. C) When heavy power transfers occur in the system, such as when there is a loss in generation. D) All of the above - ✔✔All of the above Which of the following is a method that Reliability Coordinators and Balancing Authorities may use to manage transmission outages? A) Coordinate and adhere to voltage schedules to minimize reactive power flow. B) Optimize the use of Load Tap Changer transformers, capacitors, and reactors. C) Verify voltage control equipment are on automatic to supply the required voltage support. D) All of the above - ✔✔All of the above When a large generator on an Interconnection trips off line, the of the Interconnection . A) frequency; drops B) transformer temperature; drops C) AVRs; drops D) voltage; increases - ✔✔frequency; drops A(n) is the value that satisfies the most limiting of the prescribed operating criteria for a specified system configuration to ensure operation within acceptable reliability criteria.
Sabotage events are often difficult to identify, therefore, entities are required to have available for operating personnel. A) procedures B) contact information C) FBI or RMCP D) displays - ✔✔procedures NERC requires each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing Authority, Transmission Operator, Generator Operator, and Load Serving Entity shall have procedures for the recognition of and for making aware of sabotage events on its facilities and multi-site sabotage affecting larger portions of the Interconnection. A) Regional Reliability Organizations B) DOE C) NERC D) their operating personnel - ✔✔their operating personnel NERC requires each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing Authority, Transmission Operator, Generator Operator and Load Serving Entity to establish communications contacts, as applicable with local Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) or Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officials and develop as appropriate to their circumstances. A) media relations B) reporting procedures C) governmental operating guidelines D) step by step procedures to stop the sabatoge - ✔✔reporting procedures In the event of sabotage on the transmission or generation system, it is highly likely that the procedure developed for CIP-001 will include the Disturbance Reporting procedure your organization has developed in response to NERC Standard category.
A) EOP
B) TOP
C) CIP
D) IRO - ✔✔EOP
Disturbance events that are suspected to be caused by sabotage, shall be reported to. A) the appropriate systems B) governmental agencies C) regulatory bodies D) appropriate systems, governmental agencies and regulatory bodies - ✔✔appropriate systems, governmental agencies and regulatory bodies Of the following events, which is most LIKELY to be reported as sabotage? A) Guy wires are cut on transmission towers on two separate lines at about the same time. B) Several insulator strings on a span of transmission lines have been damaged by gunshots. C) On a transmission line with "H-frame" construction, one wood pole in a newly plowed field is cut nearly all the way through at the ground-line. D) A pole-top distribution transformer has lost most of its oil through a bullet hole. - ✔✔Guy wires are cut on transmission towers on two separate lines at about the same time. The one word that is used to distinguish the difference between vandalism and sabotage is . A) premeditation B) results C) intent D) consequences - ✔✔intent
C) an automatic control selector D) an understanding - ✔✔written operating instructions and procedures What language has been established for all communications between and among operating personnel responsible for real-time generation control and operation of the interconnected Bulk Electric System? A) Spanish B) English C) English/Spanish D) English/French - ✔✔English Violations of the NERCNet Security Policy include any act that. A) involves unauthorized use of data B) uses data for illicit purposes C) discloses trade secrets D) All of the above - ✔✔All of the above Which entities are responsible for ensuring that personnel with access to NERCNet understand their obligations to protect the NERCNet assets? A) Reliability Coordinator B) Regional Reliability Council C) NERCNet User Organizations D) NERC Training staff - ✔✔NERCNet User Organizations Balancing Authority personnel are preparing the operating plan for tomorrow. Several generator are in forced outages and purchases are needed to cover the load projections. There is not enough capacity available to maintain the required operating reserves across the peak hours. Which of the following action would you perform first?
A) Make plans to shed firm load B) Watch for thunderstorms to reduce the system demand C) Inform the Reliability Coordinator and neighboring Balancing Authorities D) Purchase non-firm energy as contingency reserves - ✔✔Inform the Reliability Coordinator and neighboring Balancing Authorities During a lightning storm, a fault on a transmission line results in the transmission relay operations to lock-out and the transmission line cannot be returned to service. After running a contingency analysis, the Transmission Operator realizes that if another transmission line trips, there could be cascading outages into a neighboring system. Which of the following actions is appropriate of the Transmission Operator? A) Reduce system loading without notifying anyone B) Notify its Reliability Coordinator, and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators through predetermined communication paths. C) Prepare a disturbance report and forward it to the Reliability Coordinator D) Reduce transmission voltages by 5% to reduce customer demand - ✔✔Notify its Reliability Coordinator, and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators through predetermined communication paths. A Transmission Operator recognizes that the heavily loaded transmission system has insufficient reactive resources to maintain nominal voltage. It is apparent that a 5% voltage reduction on the distribution system will be necessary to avoid a potential voltage collapse on the transmission system during peak hours. Which of the following actions should a System Operator take in these circumstances? A) Notify its Regional Reliability Organization of the proposed actions. B) Notify the Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Purchasing Entities. C) Notify all Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators of the problem. D) Notify, through predetermined communication paths, the Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators of the problem - ✔✔Notify, through predetermined communication paths, the Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators of the problem
A) FERC standards B) responsibility and authority C) certification standards D) training - ✔✔responsibility and authority Transmission Operator and Balancing Authority operating personnel should not shed firm load to prevent or alleviate System Operating Limit or Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit violations without permission from? A) area traffic controller B) no one C) control center manager D) shift supervisor - ✔✔no one NERC Standard PER- 003 requires that Transmission Operators, Balancing Authorities, and Reliability Coordinators who fill a real-time operating position are. A) certified B) on call C) trained monthly D) tested annually - ✔✔certified Certification of operating personnel is necessary to ensure competencies for operating a reliable Bulk Electric System. A) utmost B) maximum C) minimum D) optimum - ✔✔minimum
Which of the following aspects of the entities within their Reliability Coordinator Area should the Reliability Coordinator operator have extensive understanding? A) restoration priorities and objectives B) outage plans C) operating staff D) all of the choices provided - ✔✔all of the choices provided Reliability Coordinator operating personnel should have a understanding of its Reliability Coordinator Area. A) basic B) comprehensive C) minimal D) little - ✔✔comprehensive Which positions are required to be trained in emergency operations and specific reliability tasks? A) Operating personnel that take direction from the real-time operator of the interconnected Bulk Electric System B) System Operators performing real-time task on the interconnected Bulk Electric System. C) Operating control center managers D) Operating personnel responsible for showing compliance with NERC reliability standards - ✔✔System Operators performing real-time task on the interconnected Bulk Electric System. Any systematic approach to training process should include... A) Professional trainers, eager adult learners B) Analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation
A) Congestion management tools. B) Contingency Analysis tools. C) Loadability Calculator. D) Marketing Analysis tools. - ✔✔Contingency Analysis tools. Generation Shift Factors help system operators determine which. (select best answer) A) interchange transactions may be impacting overloaded conditions. B) generators could be adjusted to relieve the loading on transmission lines. C) generators produce power most efficiently. D) generators are operating at maximum capacity. - ✔✔generators could be adjusted to relieve the loading on transmission lines. How does a positive Generation Shift Factor affect line loading? A) A generator with a positive shift factor is in the Load or Sink area. B) A generator with a positive shift factor is economical. C) When a generator with a positive shift factor increases its output, it contributes to loading on the transmission line. D) When a generator with a positive shift factor increases its output, it relieves line loading. - ✔✔When a generator with a positive shift factor increases its output, it contributes to loading on the transmission line. A transmission line is overloaded by 100 MWs. The Harbor and Greenwood generators affect the overloaded line; the Harbor generator has a GSF of 0.25 and the Greenwood generator has a GSF of - 0.5. which generator would the system operator re-dispatch to relieve this overloaded condition? A) Both generators can relieve overloading; Harbor can provide 400 MWs of relief and the Greenwood generator can provide 200 MWs of relief. B) Increase the Greenwood Generator (with a GSF of - 0.5) to 200 MWs.
C) Increase the Harbor Generator (with a GSF of 0.25) to 400 MWs. D) The harbor generator can provide 100 MWs of power to relieve overloading. - ✔✔Increase the Greenwood Generator (with a GSF of - 0.5) to 200 MWs. When power flow is expected to reach or exceed System Operating Limits, the system operator must: Redistribute power flow to relieve the overloaded transmission line. A) Continue to provide electric service to customers. B) Disconnect the equipment. C) None of the answers are correct. - ✔✔Redistribute power flow to relieve the overloaded transmission line. How does a negative Generation shift Facotrs affect line loading? A) A generator with a negative shift factor is in the Source Balancing area. B) When a generator with a negative shift factor increases its output, it contributes to loading on the transmission line. C) When a generator with a negative shift factor increases its output, it relieves line loading. D) A generator with a negative shift factor is inefficient. - ✔✔When a generator with a negative shift factor increases its output, it relieves line loading. Outage Transfer Distribution Factors help system operators. (select best answer) A) determine which Interchange Transactions may be affecting a constrained path. B) estimate the System Operating Limit of a transmission line. C) estimate the effect of an outaged transmission elements. D) determine the number of unexpected outaged elements. - ✔✔estimate the effect of an outaged transmission elements. System Load is continuing to increase when a transmission line becomes overloaded by 100 MWs. both the St. Clair and Grand River generators affect the overloaded line; the St. Clair generator has a GSF of
NERC Standard PER- 004 is applicable to which of the following entities? A) Balancing Authority B) Reliability Coordinator C) Transmission Operator and Balancing Authority D) Transmission Operator - ✔✔Reliability Coordinator Which procedure utilizes Power Transfer Distribution Factors to curtail transactions and reduce power flows? A) Interchange Distribution Calculator. B) Control Performance Standard. C) Transmission Loading Relief. D) Outage Transfer Distribution Factor. - ✔✔Transmission Loading Relief. Balancing Authority personnel are preparing the operating plan for tomorrow. Several generator are in forced outages and it will be difficult to meet the capacity and energy requirements for the system. Heavy purchases are needed for three hours across peak; prearranged purchases barely cover the load projections. There is not enough capacity available to maintain the required operating reserves across those three hours. Which of the following possible actions is the most correct? A) Do nothing unusual. There will be sufficient capacity and energy to meet the load and there will be only three hours of shortfall in reserves B) Do nothing at present, but be ready to notify the Reliability Coordinator, other Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators in unable to obtain capacity in real time to cover the load and reserve requirements C) Continue to establish the plan as it is. There will probably be enough energ - ✔✔Notify, through predetermined communication paths, the Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators of the problem
An objective of the NERCNet Security Policy is to ensure that NERCnet information assets on a cost-effective basis and to a level that allows NERC to fulfill its mission. A) are adequately protected B) meet ISO 9000 standards C) are easy to use D) are up-to-date - ✔✔are adequately protected A Transmission Operator recognizes that actual line loadings are such that a single Contingency could threaten the reliability of the Interconnection. What action is required of the Transmission Operator? A) Notify the adjacent Transmission Operator and monitor until the loading is reduced B) Notify the Reliability Coordinator and wait for instructions from the Reliability Coordinator C) Notify its Reliability Coordinator, and other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators D) Notify all the Transmission Operators and Balancing Authorities via an Interconnection-wide telecommunications system. - ✔✔Notify its Reliability Coordinator, and other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators If a Balancing Authority is unable to purchase capacity or energy to meet its demand and reserve requirements on a day-ahead or hour-by-hour basis, which entity (or entities) is it expected to notify? A) Adjacent Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators B) Its Reliability Coordinator only C) Its Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators D) All Reliability Coordinators in the Interconnection - ✔✔Its Reliability Coordinator and all other potentially affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators Phase Angle - ✔✔the difference in a voltage sine wave, a current sine wave, or two voltages at a point on the system
PER- 003 Operating Personnel Credentials - ✔✔Purpose: To ensure that System Operators performing the reliability-related tasks of the Reliability Coordinator, Balancing Authority and Transmission Operator are certified through the NERC System Operator Certification Program when filling a Real-time operating position responsible for control of the Bulk Electric System. Applies to: RC, TOP, BA PER- 004 Reliability Coordination — Staffing - ✔✔Purpose: Reliability Coordinators must have sufficient, competent staff to perform the Reliability Coordinator functions. Applies to: RC's PER- 005 System Personnel Training - ✔✔Purpose: To ensure that System Operators performing real- time, reliability-related tasks on the North American Bulk Electric System (BES) are competent to perform those reliability-related tasks. Applies to: RC's, BA's, and TOP's Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDF) - ✔✔represent the impact of an interchange transaction on a given path. It is the measure of how electric loading on a transmission system responds to a change in electric power transfer from one area to another. Expressed as a %. MW impact=Interchange transaction MW x PTDF Outage Transfer Distribution Factor (OTDF) - ✔✔the purpose is to measure the responsiveness or change in electrical loadings on transmission system facilities due to a change in electric power transfer from one area to another when one ore more system facilities are removed from service. Used to calculate the flow of MW's on a facility after a pre-defined contingency. Expressed as a % Generation Shift Factors (GSF) - ✔✔describe a generators impact on a flowgate or path. Express in a % of change in the MW flow on a specified path due to a change in gereation output.
- GSF= [(change in path flow)/(change in generation)] x
