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Neurocognitive Disorders: Definition, Diagnostic Criteria, and Types, Quizzes of Social Work

University of Denver (DU)Social Work

Definitions and diagnostic criteria for various neurocognitive disorders, including major neurocognitive disorder, delirium, alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder, parkinson's disease, major or mild vascular neurocognitive disorder, and neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury. It also covers substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorders and neurocognitive disorder due to hiv infection.

Typology: Quizzes

2014/2015

Uploaded on 08/17/2015

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TERM 1
Neurocognitive Disorders
DEFINITION 1
- Dementia,- Delirium- Amnestic- Other cognitive Disorders
TERM 2
Major
NCD
DEFINITION 2
- Evidence of significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in
one or more cognitive domains (complex att ention, executive function, learning
and memory, language, perceptual-motor, or social cognition) based on:-Concern
of the individual, a knowledgable information , or the clinician that there has been
a significant decline in cognitive function; an d- A substantial impairment in
cognitive performance, preferably documente d by standardized
neuropsychological testing or, in its absence , another quantified clinical
assessment.2. The cognitive deficits interfer e with independence in everyday
activities. (at a minimum, requiring assistanc e with complex instrumental
activities of daily living such as paying bills or managing medication.3. The
cognitive deficits do not occur exclusively in the context of a delirium.4. The
cognitive deficits are not better explained by a nother mental disorder (major
depressive disorder, schizophrenia)*How mu ch it interferes with daily activities
and independence is a major identifier for m ajor vs mild.
TERM 3
Mild
NCD
DEFINITION 3
1. Evidence of modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in
one or more cognitive domains (complex att ention, executive function, learning
and memory, language, perceptual-motor, or social cognition) based on:- Concern
of the individual , a knowledgable informant, or the clinician that there has been
a mild decline in cognitive function ; and- A modest impairment in cognitive
performance, preferable documented by stan dardized neuropsychological testing
or, in its absence, another quantified clinical assessment.2. The cognitive deficits
do not interfere with capacity for independen ce in everyday activities (complex
instrumental activities of daily living such as paying bills or managing meds are
preserved, but greater effort, compensatory st rategies, or accommodation may
be required.3. The cognitive deficits do not o ccur exclusively in the context of a
delirium.4. The cognitive deficits are not bett er explained by another mental
disorder (major depressive disorder schizophr enia)
TERM 4
Delirium
DEFINITION 4
Diagnostic Criteria1. A disturbance in attention (reduced ability to direct, ofus,
sustain, and shift attention) and awareness (r educed orientation to the
environment).2. The disturbance develops o ver a short period of time (usually
hours to a few days), represents a change fro m baseline attention and
awareness, and tends to fluctuate in severity during the course of a day.3. An
additional disturbance in cognition (memory d eficit, disorientation, language,
visuospatial ability, or perception).4. The distu rbance in criteria a and c are not
better explained by another preexisting, estab lished, or evolving neurocognitive
disorder and do not occur in the context of a severely reduced level of arousal,
such as coma.5. The is evidence from the history, physical examination, or
laboratory findings that the disturbance is a dire ct physiological consequence of
another medical condition, substance intoxic ation or withdrawal. (due to drug of
abuse or to a mediation) or exposure to a tox in, or is due to multiple
etiologies.Specify if: Substance intoxication de lirium.Acute- Lasting a few hours or
daysPersistent- Lasting weeks or months.
TERM 5
Cognitive domains
DEFINITION 5
Complex attention- The ability to multitask (w alk while being talked to)Executive
Function- Planning and making decisions (re asoning and judgement).Mental
Flexibility- General intelligence level (IQ)Learn ing and memory- Immediate
memory, recent memory, cued recall. Acqu iring new information, including recall,
cued recall,Language- Expressive language inc luding naming, world finding,
fluency. Word salad, when someone looses their ability to use the words they are
attempting to usePercetual-Moto- The abilities subsumed under the terms of
visual, perception, visual constructional. Visu al perception, when depth
perception is off. Ability to gage how tall som eone is. Being able to walk and knit
\.Social Cognition- recognition of emotions, t heory of mind. knowing that
someone is crying because they are sad.
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Neurocognitive Disorders

- Dementia,- Delirium- Amnestic- Other cognitive Disorders

TERM 2

Major

NCD

DEFINITION 2

  • Evidence of significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains (complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, or social cognition) based on:-Concern of the individual, a knowledgable information, or the clinician that there has been a significant decline in cognitive function; and- A substantial impairment in cognitive performance, preferably documented by standardized neuropsychological testing or, in its absence, another quantified clinical assessment.2. The cognitive deficits interfere with independence in everyday activities. (at a minimum, requiring assistance with complex instrumental activities of daily living such as paying bills or managing medication.3. The cognitive deficits do not occur exclusively in the context of a delirium.4. The cognitive deficits are not better explained by another mental disorder (major depressive disorder, schizophrenia)*How much it interferes with daily activities and independence is a major identifier for major vs mild. TERM 3

Mild

NCD

DEFINITION 3

  1. Evidence of modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains (complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, or social cognition) based on:- Concern of the individual , a knowledgable informant, or the clinician that there has been a mild decline in cognitive function ; and- A modest impairment in cognitive performance, preferable documented by standardized neuropsychological testing or, in its absence, another quantified clinical assessment.2. The cognitive deficits do not interfere with capacity for independence in everyday activities (complex instrumental activities of daily living such as paying bills or managing meds are preserved, but greater effort, compensatory strategies, or accommodation may be required.3. The cognitive deficits do not occur exclusively in the context of a delirium.4. The cognitive deficits are not better explained by another mental disorder (major depressive disorder schizophrenia) TERM 4

Delirium

DEFINITION 4

Diagnostic Criteria1. A disturbance in attention (reduced ability to direct, ofus, sustain, and shift attention) and awareness (reduced orientation to the environment).2. The disturbance develops over a short period of time (usually hours to a few days), represents a change from baseline attention and awareness, and tends to fluctuate in severity during the course of a day.3. An additional disturbance in cognition (memory deficit, disorientation, language, visuospatial ability, or perception).4. The disturbance in criteria a and c are not better explained by another preexisting, established, or evolving neurocognitive disorder and do not occur in the context of a severely reduced level of arousal, such as coma.5. The is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is a direct physiological consequence of another medical condition, substance intoxication or withdrawal. (due to drug of abuse or to a mediation) or exposure to a toxin, or is due to multiple etiologies.Specify if: Substance intoxication delirium.Acute- Lasting a few hours or daysPersistent- Lasting weeks or months. TERM 5

Cognitive domains

DEFINITION 5

Complex attention- The ability to multitask (walk while being talked to)Executive Function- Planning and making decisions (reasoning and judgement).Mental Flexibility- General intelligence level (IQ)Learning and memory- Immediate memory, recent memory, cued recall. Acquiring new information, including recall, cued recall,Language- Expressive language including naming, world finding, fluency. Word salad, when someone looses their ability to use the words they are attempting to usePercetual-Moto- The abilities subsumed under the terms of visual, perception, visual constructional. Visual perception, when depth perception is off. Ability to gage how tall someone is. Being able to walk and knit .Social Cognition- recognition of emotions, theory of mind. knowing that someone is crying because they are sad.

Alzheimers Disease

*Usually a general decline in memory, "where are my keys"Diagnostic Criteria1. The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.2. There is insidious onset and gradual progression of impairment in one or more cognitive domains (for major neurocognitive disorder, at least two domains must be impaired).3. Criteria are met for either probable or possible alzheimers disease as follows:For major neuo-cognitive disorder-Probable Alzheimers Disease is diagnosed if either of the following is present; otherwise, possible Alzheimer's disease should be diagnosed.-Evidence of a causative Alzheimers disease genetic mutation from family history or genetic testing.- All three of the following are present: 1. Clear evidence of decline in memory and learning and at least one other cognitive domain (based on detailed history or serial neuropsychological testing). 2. Steadily progressive, gradual decline in cognition, wihtout extended plateaus. 3. No evidence of mixed etiology (absence of other neurodegenerative or cerebrovascular disease, or another neurological, mental or systemic disease or condition likely contributing to cognitive decline).For Mild neuro-cognitive Disorder:-Probable Alzheimers disease is diagnosed if there is evidence of a causative Alzheimer's disease genetic mutation from either genetic testing or family history. - Possible Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed if there is no evidence of a causative Alzheimers's disease genetic mutation from either genetic testing or family history, and all three of the following are present: - Clear evidence of decline in memory and learning. - Steadily progressive, gradual decline in cognition, without extended plateaus. -No evidence of mixed etiology (absence of other neuro-dgenerative or cerebrovascular disease, or another neurological or systemic disease or condition likely contributing to cognitive decline)4. The disturbance is not better explained by cerebrovascular disease, another neurodegenerative disease, the effect of a substance, or another mental, neurological, or systemic disorder.

TERM 7

Frontotemporal Neurocognitive

DEFINITION 7

*Have aggression and huge behavior outburst, hitting caregivers, because it affects the front part of the brain which is in charge of emotions and judgement.Diagnostic Criteria:1. The criteria are met for major or mild neuro- cognitive disorder.2. The disturbance has insidious onset and gradual progression.3. Either (1) or (2): - Behavioral variant: -Three or more of the following behavioral symptoms: -Behavioral disinhibition. -Apathy or inertia. -Loss of sympathy or empathy. -Perseverative, stereotyped or compulsive/ritualistic behavior. -Hyperorality and dietary changes. - Prominent decline in social cognition and/ or executive abilities. -Language variant: -Prominent decline in language ability, in the form of speech production, word finding, object naming, grammar, or word comprehension.4. Relative sparing of learning and memory and perceptual-motor function.5. The disturbance is not better explained y cerebrovascular disease, another neurodegenerative disease, the effect of a substance, or another mental, neurological, or systemic disorder. TERM 8

Leyw Body

DEFINITION 8

  • Memory goes first, and moment of sever clarityDiagnostic Criteria:1. The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.2. The disorder has an insidious onset and gradual progression.3. The disorder meets a combination of core diagnostic features and suggestive diagnostic features for either probable or possible neurocognitive disorder with Lewy Bodies. -Core diagnostic features: - Fluctuating cognition with pronounced variations in attention and alertness. - Recurrent visual hallucinations that are well formed and detailed. -Spontaneous features of parkinsonism, with onset subsequent to the development of cognitive decline. -Suggestive diagnostic features: -Meets criteria for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. -Severe neuroleptic sensitivity.4. The disturbance is not better explained by cerebrovascular disease, another neurodegenerative disease, the effect of a substance, or another mental, neurological, or systemic disorder. TERM 9

Parkinsons

DEFINITION 9

* physical symptoms and then the mind goes1. The criteria are

met for major or mild neurcognitive disorder.2. The disturbance

occurs in the setting of established Parkinsons disease.3. There is

insidious onset and gradual progression of impairment.4. The

neurocognitive disorder is not attributable to another medical

condition and is not better explained by another mental disorder.

TERM 10

Major or Mild Vascular Neurocognitive

Disorder

DEFINITION 10

*Complex attention is heavily affectedDiagnostic Criteria:1. The criteria are met for major mild neuro-cognitive disorder.2. The clinical features are consistent with a vascular etiology, as suggested by either of the following:-Onset of the cognitive deficits is temporally related to one or more cerebrovascular events.- Evidence for decline is prominent in complex attention (including processing speed) and frontal-executive function.3. There is evidence of the presence of cerebrovascular disease from history, physical examination, and/or neuroimaging considered sufficient to account for the neurocognitive deficits.4. The symptoms are not better explained by another bran disease or systemic disorder.