Download Nightingale College Pathophysiology Final Exam Week 9-15 SCI 225 Actual Exam Practice and more Exercises Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Nightingale College Pathophysiology Final
Exam Week 9- 15 SCI 225 Actual Exam
Practice Questions Graded A
A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia). The most likely cause is a decrease in: A. ferritin. B. gastric enzymes. C. intrinsic factor. D. erythropoietin. Intrinsic Factor A 2-year-old malnourished child is diagnosed with vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. A blood smear suggests the deficiency is macrocytic and normochromic. The nurse would expect the hemoglobin to be: A. Normal B. Sporadic C. Low D. High A. Normal
A 60-year-old patient diagnosed with emphysema experiences a rapid and pounding heart, dizziness, and fatigue with exertion. Which respiratory assessment findings indicate the respiratory system is compensating for the increased oxygen demand? A. Bronchoconstriction B. Increased rate and depth of breathing C.Dyspnea D. Activation of the renin-angiotensin response B. Increased rate and depth of breathing The nurse will check which of the following tests to directly measure iron stores? A. Serum ferritin B. Transferrin saturation C. Bone marrow biopsy D. Total iron-binding capacity C. Bone marrow biopsy Considering anemia, what effect do vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies have on red blood cells? A. They are unable to differentiate into erythrocytes. B. They contain malformed hemoglobin molecules. C. O2-carrying capacity is decreased.
A 3-year-old child presents with bruising on the legs and trunk and a petechial rash. The mother also reports frequent nosebleeds. Lab tests reveal a decreased platelet count. This symptomology supports which medical diagnosis? A. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) B. Leukemia C. Thalassemia D. Hemophilia A. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP). What is the most common cause of this condition? A. Normal postnatal platelet lysis B. Virally induced antibody destruction of platelets C. An allergic reaction to vaccinations D. Maternal antibodies that target platelets in the neonate B. Virally induced antibody destruction of platelets What is a priority assessment for Hodgkin lymphoma in children? A. Painless adenopathy in cervical nodes B. Significant bruising
C. Weight gain D. Petechiae A. Painless adenopathy in cervical nodes If an infant has hydrops fetalis, which type of thalassemia does the nurse suspect? A. Beta minor B. Beta major C. Alpha minor D. Alpha major D. Alpha major The alpha and beta thalassemias are inherited in an _____ fashion. A. autosomal recessive B. autosomal dominant C. X-linked recessive D. X-linked dominant A. autosomal recessive For an infection to progress to septic shock, what must occur? A. The individual must be immunosuppressed. B. The myocardium must be impaired.
B. ischemia C. necrosis D. inflammation B. ischemia A 49-year-old male presents reporting chest pain. EKG reveals ST elevation. He is diagnosed with myocardial ischemia. Which of the following interventions would be most beneficial? A. Administer a diuretic to decrease volume. B. Apply oxygen to increase myocardial oxygen supply. C. Encourage exercise to increase heart rate. D. Give an antibiotic to decrease infection. B. Apply oxygen to increase myocardial oxygen supply. A nurse recalls the most common cardiac valve disease in the United States is: A. mitral valve prolapse B. pulmonary stenosis C. tricuspid valve prolapse D. aortic stenosis. A. mitral valve prolapse What is the most common type of congenital heart defect assessed for in infants?
A. Atrial septal defect (ASD) B. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) C. Tetralogy of Fallot D. Atrioventricular canal defect B. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) A newborn child is diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot. What Symptoms would the nurse expect to observe in the child? A. High-pitched cry and dyspnea B. Cyanosis and hypoxia C. Leg pain and twitching D. Epistaxis and anemia B. Cyanosis and hypoxia A 3-year-old male is diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. What is the most likely cause of Kawasaki disease? A. A genetic defect causing left heart failure B. Autoimmune injury to the lymphatic vessels C. Infectious pericarditis D. Inflammation of the small capillaries, arteries, and veins D. Inflammation of the small capillaries, arteries, and veins A newborn is severely cyanotic. An echocardiogram reveals transposition of the great arteries. What is the characteristic defect associated with this condition? A. The pulmonary artery leaving the right ventricle.
Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary embolism (PE)? A. A 21-year-old male with a hemophilia bleeding disorder B. A 28-year-old woman who had a baby 6 months earlier C. A 36 year old woman with a history of alcohol abuse who is recovering from a gastric ulcer D. A 72-year-old male who is recovering from hip replacement surgery in the hospital. D. A 72-year-old male who is recovering from hip replacement surgery in the hospital. Which is a characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
(IPAH)? (Select all that apply.)
A. Male gender B. Fatigue C. Dyspnea D. Jugular vein distention E. Weight gain B. Fatigue C. Dyspnea D. Jugular vein distention
Pneumonia is caused by: A. use of anesthetic agents in surgery B. atelectasis C. chronic lung changes seen with aging D. viral or bacterial infections D. viral or bacterial infections Which assessment findings will the nurse observe in a patient diagnosed with severe pulmonary edema? A. Thick mucous secretions B. Pink, frothy sputum C. Hypocapnia D. Wheezing B. Pink, frothy sputum A 60-year-old with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. Assessment shows an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. The nurse attributes this finding to: A. air trapping B. decreased inspiratory reserve volumes C. increased flow rates D. alveolar destruction A. air trapping The patient diagnosed with tuberculosis can transmit this disease through:
C. breastfeed their infants D. keep the infant's room very warm B. always lay infants down on their backs to sleep A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to recognize as a part of an asthmatic attack? A. Headache B. Chest pain C. Wheezing D. Low heart rate C. Wheezing A 5-year-old presents with high fever, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress, drooling, and dysphagia. Acute epiglottis is suspected. When assessing the child, the nurse would avoid: A. trying to keep the child calm B. examining the throat for redness C. auscultating the child's respiratory rate D. counting the heart rate apically B. examining the throat for redness What is the most likely cause of croup?
A. Bacteria B. Acute hyperventilation C. Allergy D. Viral infection D. Viral infection A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident that has resulted in prerenal failure. What is the most likely cause of this patient’s condition? A. Kidney stones B. Immune complex deposition in the glomerulus C. Inadequate renal blood flow D. Obstruction of the proximal tubule C. Inadequate renal blood flow Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by: A. swelling of mesangial cells in the Bowman space in response to the presence of bacteria. B. immune complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage. C. inflammatory factors that stimulate cellular proliferation of epithelial cells.
A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3–5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is: A. cystitis. B. chronic pyelonephritis. C. acute glomerulonephritis. D. renal calculi. C. acute glomerulonephritis. Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. The nurse will document this condition as: A. hypospadias. B. epispadias. C. hydroureter. D. cryptorchidism. A. hypospadias. A 7 year old is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which sign would support this diagnosis? A. Constipation B. Vesicular skin rash
C. Frothy urine D. Jaundice C. Frothy urine When a child is admitted with acute renal failure, a clinician realizes the most common cause of acute renal failure is: A. glomerulonephritis. B. obstruction. C. nephrotic syndrome. D. hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). D. hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). An infant male is experiencing a constant dribbling of urine. His urethral opening is located behind the glans. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart? A. Anterior epispadias B. Posterior epispadias C. Exstrophy of the bladder D. Bladder outlet obstruction A. Anterior epispadias
A 22 year old underwent brain surgery to remove a tumor. Following surgery, the patient experienced a peptic ulcer. This ulcer is referred to as a(n) _____ ulcer. A. infectious B. Cushing C. H. pylori D. Curling B. Cushing Acute pancreatitis often manifests with pain to which of the following regions? A. Right lower quadrant B. Right upper quadrant C. Epigastric D. Suprapubic C. Epigastric An analysis of most gallstones would reveal a high concentration of: A. phosphate. B. bilirubin. C. urate. D. cholesterol. D. cholesterol. A 55 year old is diagnosed with extrahepatic obstructive jaundice that is a result of the obstruction of the:
A. intrahepatic bile canaliculi. B. gallbladder. C. cystic duct. D. common bile duct. D. common bile duct. Which of the following types of diarrhea would most likely occur with a bacterial GI infection? A. Osmotic B. Secretory C. Hypotonic D. Motility B. Secretory What is the most common symptom of Meckel diverticulum observed in children? A. Constipation B. Vomiting C. Rectal bleeding D. Ascites C. Rectal bleeding A 6-month-old male infant is brought to the ER after the sudden development of abdominal pain, irritability, and vomiting followed by passing of “currant jelly” stool. Ultrasound reveals intestinal obstruction in which the ileum collapsed through the ileocecal valve. Which term is used to describe this type of obstruction?
