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This comprehensive study guide provides a detailed review of pet (positron emission tomography) exam topics, including physics, instrumentation, radiopharmaceuticals, and clinical applications. It covers key concepts such as annihilation reaction, sinogram, and various pet tracers like f-18 flurpiridaz. The guide also includes information on radiation safety, dose calculations, and quality control procedures, making it a valuable resource for students and professionals in nuclear medicine and radiology. It also includes questions and answers about pet/ct imaging protocols, radiation doses, and scintillator properties. Useful for exam preparation and understanding the principles behind pet imaging.
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Quiz____? Mixed Attentuation -
Malignant Pulmonary Nodules on CT are characterized by: Quiz____? Reed-Sternberg Cells -
Hodkin's Lymphoma is separated from other Lymphomas by the presence of: Quiz____? Acetylecholinestrearse Inhibitors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists -
Two types of Alzheimer's mediciation: Quiz____? Left Subclavian Vein -
Lymphatic Drainage for most of the body is via: Quiz____? Erythropoietin -
Hormone made in kidney's that signals the bone marrow to make more RBCs: Quiz____? Renal Cancer -
Affects woman > Renal Cell carcinomas mostly Wilm's Tumor (pediatric) covered under guidlines
Quiz____? Cells of Cajal -
Pacemaker of GI Tract Quiz____? Staging, Restaging, Monitoring response to theraphy -
Breast Cancer CMS coverage Quiz____? Initial or Subsequent treatment strategy -
Lung Cancer CMS coverage Quiz____? Non-Small Cell
Two major types of Lung Cancer: Quiz____? Esophageal Cancer -
Affects men more than women
65 years Squamous cell and mucinoid Neck to pelvis imaging Quiz____? Esophageal Cancer coverage -
Initial Treatment, restaging, response to therapy, recurrance
Negatrons and Positrons -
Beta particles are electrons that contain _____________ and ____________. Quiz____? Electron Capture or Positron decay -
Proton rich nuclei decay either by _____________ or ______________. Quiz____? 1/ ex: F-18 Max = 635 KeV Mean = 210 KeV -
Mean energy of an ejected positron is about ___________ of the max energy. Quiz____? Decrease Resolution -
Longer range of travel for a positron before annihilation will ___________ resolution.
Quiz____? Positron emitted from atom w/ high kin. energy Slows, combines w/ electron Forms postironium briefly, spin Mass is converted to energy, release two 511 KeV photons -
Annihilation Reaction Quiz____? 2 mm 0.25 degree deviation -
Non-colinearity results in blurring effect on clinical PET scanners of approximately _____ mm and angle of _____ deviation from 180. Quiz____? Gas-Filled Anode and Cathode Operates at Low Voltage -
A 2D projection space representation of a transaxial image Quiz____? X-axis sinogram -
Represents shift on LOR from the center of the gantry Quiz____? Y-axis sinogram -
Represents projection angle of LOR Quiz____? Ring Artifact -
CT artifact caused by a faulty detector Produces ring or concentric circles on CT image Quiz____?
Photoelectric Effect -
Electrons are emitted from matter Absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation of a very short wavelength Quiz____? Pair Production -
2 electrons One - , one +, from a pulse of electromagnetic energy traveling through matter Quiz____? Opacity -
Any area that preferentially attenuates x-rays Appears more opaque than surrounding area Quiz____? Ligand -
Quiz____? Electron Capture -
Unstable to Stable atoms Inner shell e- to nucleus combines w/proton creates neutron and neutrino neutrino ejected Quiz____? Bremsstrahlung -
Braking Radiation Radiation emitted when electrons are decelerated or braked 80 - 90% of all xrays Quiz____? Beta Particle -
High speed particle identical to an electron, emitted from nucleus
Quiz____? Average variance -
Square sum of the differences of the relative crystal efficiencies between two scans ex: daily blank sino vs reference blank sino Quiz____? Alpha Particle -
Emitted from nucleus 2 protons and 2 neutrons Helium Atom Quiz____? 24.8 mSv PET w/ 10 mCi = 7 mSv Diagnostic CT w/ Contrast = 17.6 mSv Topogram = .2 mSv -
Quiz____? Clark's PED Dose -
(weight/150 lb.) x Adult Dose Quiz____? CPM/DPM x 100 -
Well Counter Effieciency Quiz____? [(TpxTb)/(Tp+TB)] -
Effective Half-Life Calculation Quiz____? 100 rem -
1 Sv
Quiz____? 100 rad -
1 Gy Quiz____? |(expected-actual)/actual)| x 100 -
Percentage Error Quiz____? Expected/Actual -
Correction Factor Quiz____? Gross Cts - Bkgd Cts -
Quiz____? 7.13 g/cm Z = 75 300 ns 15 Lightoutput -
BGO Scintillators Quiz____? 6.71 g/cm Z = 59 60 ns 30 light output -
GSO Scintillators Quiz____? 7.11 g/cm Z = 54 53 ns
76 light output -
LYSO Scintillators Quiz____? 7.40 g/cm Z = 65 40 ns 75 light output -
LSO Scintillators Quiz____? T1/2 = 1.25 min (75 sec) Max Energy = 3.36 MeV Range in H20 = 16.5 mm Decays to: Kr- 82 -
Rb-82 Physical Properties
