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North seattle EMT entrance exam
Practice test questions with answers
What would be an example of sympathetic stimulation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An increase in heart rate The time when the heart contracts and pumps blood is referred to as - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔systole What is the definition of a pulse - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The expansion and recoil of an artery as blood flows through it Which artery is compressed during a standard blood pressure check - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The brachial artery The subclavian arteries carry blood to the - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔arms. What is the name of a vessel that carries blood away from the heart - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Artery What happens in the capillaries - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The exchange of gases between blood and body cells
Blood that is low in oxygen first arrives in which chamber of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Right atrium How does the human body produce most of its carbon dioxide? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔As a byproduct of the cell's energy production What is the definition of external respiration - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The exchange of gases between blood cells in the alveoli Which of the following correctly explains the ways in which the right and left lung differ? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The left lung has 2 lobes to make room for the heart, and the right lung has 3 lobes What is the purpose of Cricoid Pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔To decrease the amount of air entering the stomach during artificial ventilation Where is the Oropharynx located - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In the middle part of the throat What is the purpose of a turbinate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔To warm and filter air as it passes to the lungs What normally causes skeletal muscles to contract - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔When an electrical impulse from the brain stimulates a nerve
"The study of the normal functions of the human body" is the definition of
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Physiology What is the definition of pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The study of disease and injury processes which cause change in the human body. To function at its best, a healthy cell requires - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔oxygen and glucose When somebody experiences prolonged ischemia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔his body cells become injured and ultimately die A cerebrovascular accident is more commonly referred to as a(n) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔stroke Perfusion depends on - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, and oxygen transportation Why is it important that the tunica media is made of smooth muscle? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It allows a blood vessel to constrict and dilate Sitting on a long car ride would most likely cause what reaction in the circulatory system? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A decrease in the amount of blood returning to the heart
What is the major cause of peripheral vascular resistance - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Blood leaving an artery and entering an arteriole What is the correct equation for blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Blood pressure = cardiac output X peripheral vascular resistance What is the definition of shock? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An inadequate perfusion to an organ or body part What type of shock can occur when blood collects in the sac surrounding the heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Obstructive shock Which of the following activities is most likely to increase the risk of disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Being sexually promiscuous Which is an example of a "sign?" - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Swelling in the abdomen Pain, heat, redness, and swelling indicate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔inflammation. When an artery undergoes vasodilation or vasoconstriction, what is responsible for the change in size? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Smooth muscle
At an emergency scene you are examining a baby of unknown age. You notice the baby is babbling, has small teeth eruptions and is making eye contact with you. You determine from these signs that the baby is - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔six months of age. You are examining a four month old baby boy. His heart rate is 160 beats per minute, respiratory rate 50 breaths per minute and he is continually crying. You conclude that - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔he is in need of emergency medical care A typical sign of motor development in an infant boy 10 months of age is - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔pulling himself into a sitting position. You need to examine a two year old girl who is sitting on her mother's lap. The best way to begin the examination is to - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔talk to her mother and then tell the toddler what you are going to do. You are examining a four year old boy who is very nervous during the examination. His breathing is 24 breaths per minute with a heart rate of
- You conclude that he - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔appears normal for his age. ) You are examining a four year old girl. The best way to approach this examination is to - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔talk with the girl about her favorite activities and foods to distract her.
The correct vital signs for a girl in the fifth grade are - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a systolic blood pressure of 120 mm Hg and a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute Physiological changes during adolescence include - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔decreased heart rate, increased systolic blood pressure, and decreased respiratory rate. The average age of menarche in the United States is - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔12.5 years. Which of these vital signs are normal for early adulthood? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Heart rate of 70 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute and blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. Physiological changes associated with middle adulthood affect the - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hormone levels You are testing the cognitive abilities of a 75 year old male. He is unable to tell you what city he grew up in and cannot remember your name. You determine that the man - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔could have a medical problem which requires treatment When talking to an 88 year old female during an examination, you should speak - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔with a normal speaking volume
Your 10 year old patient was hit in the chest with a bat during a baseball game. You suspect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔blunt trauma with injuries to the body surface and ribs Your patient was the driver in a head-on motor vehicle collision and was not wearing a seatbelt. He complains of chest and abdominal pain. You suspect a(n) ______ mechanism of injury. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔up and over After a rear-end motor vehicle collision, you should suspect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔neck, chest, abdomen, and long bone injuries Your patient was in a lateral motorcycle collision. You should suspect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔pelvic, lower-extremity, and crushing injuries Which of the following is the most common cause of death from trauma for children 5 to 9 years of age? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Pedestrian injuries Cardiac disease, insulin-dependence, diabetes, and pregnancy are examples of which type of factor? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Patient You arrive at a patient's home and are preparing to conduct your assessment. Your patient is pale and repeatedly complains that she is thirsty. You should suspect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔blood loss
You need to perform a complex extrication at the scene of a motor-vehicle accident. Which of the following additional resources would you most likely call for assistance? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fire department Which part of patient assessment does evaluating a patient's airway, breathing, circulation, disability and appearance fall under? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Primary survey Which of the following physical examinations is performed to discover medical conditions and/or injuries that were not previously identified? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Secondary survey A general impression of a patient is based on appearance, breathing and which of the following factors? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Circulation Which of the following is the most common cause of a blocked airway in an unresponsive patient? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Tongue Your patient is not awake, but when you pinch the skin on the back of her hand, she responds by slightly moving her hand away from you. On the AVPU scale, you would document this patient as - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔responding to painful stimuli. You find your patient sitting in the tripod position with nasal flaring, pursed lip breathing, and her skin is very pale. You suspect which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Inadequate breathing
Which of the following is the correct term for the pulse located on the inside of the upper arm, midway between the shoulder and the elbow - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Brachial Which of the following is a central pulse that may require the use of more pressure than other sites? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Femoral What is the normal pulse rate at rest for a 4 to 5 year old child - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔80 to 120 Your patient is repeatedly picking at the skin on his arm, seems confused, and has dilated pupils. You should suspect that - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔he is using amphetamines When taking a patient history, the "M" in the SAMPLE memory aid reminds you to ask about which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Medications being used While conducting a secondary survey of a patient's head and face, you note an ammonia smell. You should suspect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔kidney failure Your conscious patient was initially breathing adequately and was placed on oxygen by a non-rebreather mask. During reassessment, you find the patient is now breathing shallowly at a rate of 6 breaths per minute. You should - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔assist ventilations with a bag mask device
When conducting your assessment, you notice a dark, bluish discoloration around the patient's eyes and behind his ears. This is known as - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ecchymosis You should reassess a stable patient at least once every - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔15 minutes. Which of the following is an example of a closed wound? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Bruise What is the definition of an open wound - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An injury when the skin surface is broken What is happening if a patient is having a splenic hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔There is a massive blood loss from the spleen Which of the following conditions affects blood clotting - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hemophilia Your patient was stabbed in the thigh. Bright, red blood is spurting from the wound and is difficult to control. You suspect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔an arterial bleed
A blunt force injury that causes minor tissue damage and bleeding under the skin is called a - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔contusion. The metal object embedded in the foot would be called a(n) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔impaled object What is a sucking chest wound? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A chest wound in which air enters and exits the pleural cavity with each breath Your patient was stabbed in the abdomen. You see several inches of intestine protruding through a tear in his shirt. You should - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔remove the shirt from around the wound and cover it with a moist dressing How should you package an amputated finger? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Place it in a dry, waterproof package in a bowl of water and ice. How should you care for debris irritants in the eye? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Flush the eye with water or saline solution Which is most important to be aware of with a lower jaw fracture? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The tongue could block the airway What are the signs of a partial thickness burn? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Pink, red, or mottled skin that swells and can blister.
According to the Rule of Nines, what is the total body surface area affected when an adult male has burns entirely covering his left and right arms? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔18% What is a "stocking" burn? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A burn on the feet that is often associated with child abuse. Your patient burned his hand on a hot grill. You should - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cover the burned area with a dry dressing. A male patient has spilled a chemical on his shirt that is causing a burn. You should - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cut the shirt from the patient's body Your patient suffered an electric shock on a construction site. His coworkers tell you that he was briefly unresponsive, but now he is alert and oriented and does not want to go to the hospital. You should - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔tell him that he may have internal damage that needs to be assessed at the hospital What's the difference between a dressing and a bandage - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A dressing is an absorbent material placed over a wound, and a bandage secures the dressing. What is the optimal size of a dressing for a wound? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Extending beyond the edges of the wound.
Which of the following rib fractures might injure the liver? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fractures of ribs 5-9 on the right side You patient tells you that he was kicked in the chest by his horse. You notice that he is holding his arm tightly against his body and seems hesitant to move. You suspect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a rib fracture What is crepitus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The grating, crackling, and popping sounds associated with joint erosion or bone fracture. Which is likely a symptom of rib fracture? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Localized pain in the ribs that worsens upon deep breathing You should encourage a patient with a rib fracture to - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cough and breathe deeply What is flail chest? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Multiple adjacent ribs that are broken in multiple different places In a patient with flail chest, paradoxical movement occurs when the flail section - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔moves inward with inspiration, and outward with exhalation In chest trauma injuries, crepitus is a sign of - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔rib fracture and flail chest
Which injury can be associated with flail chest - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Myocardial contusion What is the name of the condition in which air collects within the chest cavity, causing a loss of negative pressure and partial or total collapse of the lung - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Simple pneumothorax What is a tension pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A condition in which air progressively accumulates in the pleural cavity, cannot escape, and causes a life threatening pressure build-up in the chest. An adult male is tachycardic, hypotenive, and has cool, clammy skin. You note that lung sounds are absent on the left side of his chest. You should suspect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔tension pneumothorax Your patient was in a motorcycle crash. Before your arrival, a bystander covered a "nasty looking hole" in the patient's chest with a clean cloth. You should - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔remove the cloth, listen for sounds of escaping air, and then dress appropriately A "sucking chest wound" is another name for a(n) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔open pneumothorax When a chest wound presents a sucking sound with each breath, it is a sign of - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔open pneumothorax.
