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American Expansion and Imperialism: Drivers and Consequences - Prof. Phillip A. Gibbs, Exams of World History

Middle Georgia State University (MGA)World History
Prof. Phillip A. Gibbs

The reasons behind american expansion and imperialism, focusing on the role of economic growth, influential figures like alfred t. Mahan, and pivotal events such as the spanish-american war. It also discusses the impact of these policies on american power and international relations.

Typology: Exams

2010/2011

Uploaded on 05/03/2011

flyguy93
flyguy93 🇺🇸

2 documents

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Creation of American Empire
?-Why are the people behind American Expansion?
1. Realization that the only way to continue economic growth was to expand the
country. Needed other people to buy American products. Worked towards Asia,
Caribbean, and Central and South America.
2. Felling that if America doesn’t find markets, it will fall behind
3. Alfred T. Mahan-
a. wrote a book called Influence of Sea Power on History
b. He argued Europeans became powerful through Navy and colonies
c. If United States wanted more power, it needed 3 things: Navy, colonies, and
canals
4. Open Door Policy (1899-Present)- In open door ______ said that we will not sever
trades with China and other major markets
5. Manifest Destiny- America’s destiny to control all of North America
6. Imperialism-
?-Why was the Spanish American war a pivotal point in American history?
1. By the 1930’s Platt Amendment was disavowed by the United States with not only
Cuba but other South American countries.
2. Americans wanted to be the policemen of the eastern hemisphere
3. Theodore Roosevelt promoted American power how?
a. Built Panama Canal by convincing the Colombians and Panamanians that America
would help them have freedom
b. Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (amendment to Monroe Doctrine)-while we won’t
allow other countries to recolonize, we will. (original doc said we would not allow
Europeans to recolonize)
c. Great White Fleet- Strengthens American Navy and sends them on a voyage
around the world to show off/ intimidate Japanese.
4. Bananas and other products from Guatemala were being bought by America so we
protect them.
5. If we don’t fight for interest in Asia, then the Japanese would gain those market
?- What did TR do as president to promote American power? (Specific things)
a. TR promoted the idea of the creation of the Panama Canal. The corollary to the
Monroe doctrine which was preventing the European countries to colonizing those
free nations.
b. TR sent the Great white fleet around the world to prove and show the Japanese
and other countries American’s Power.
c. Wanted to invest in the fruits companies in Central America. Dole fruit
?-What made WWI (The Great War) (1914-1918) different?
a. Started with Franco Prussian war
b. Germans were becoming industrialized (had more weaponry)
c. Slavs wanted freedom from Austria-Hungary
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Creation of American Empire

?-Why are the people behind American Expansion?

  1. Realization that the only way to continue economic growth was to expand the country. Needed other people to buy American products. Worked towards Asia, Caribbean, and Central and South America.
  2. Felling that if America doesn’t find markets, it will fall behind
  3. Alfred T. Mahan- a. wrote a book called Influence of Sea Power on History b. He argued Europeans became powerful through Navy and colonies c. If United States wanted more power, it needed 3 things: Navy, colonies, and canals
  4. Open Door Policy (1899-Present)- In open door ______ said that we will not sever trades with China and other major markets
  5. Manifest Destiny- America’s destiny to control all of North America
  6. Imperialism- ?-Why was the Spanish American war a pivotal point in American history?
  7. By the 1930’s Platt Amendment was disavowed by the United States with not only Cuba but other South American countries.
  8. Americans wanted to be the policemen of the eastern hemisphere
  9. Theodore Roosevelt promoted American power how? a. Built Panama Canal by convincing the Colombians and Panamanians that America would help them have freedom b. Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (amendment to Monroe Doctrine)-while we won’t allow other countries to recolonize, we will. (original doc said we would not allow Europeans to recolonize) c. Great White Fleet- Strengthens American Navy and sends them on a voyage around the world to show off/ intimidate Japanese.
  10. Bananas and other products from Guatemala were being bought by America so we protect them.
  11. If we don’t fight for interest in Asia, then the Japanese would gain those market ?- What did TR do as president to promote American power? (Specific things) a. TR promoted the idea of the creation of the Panama Canal. The corollary to the Monroe doctrine which was preventing the European countries to colonizing those free nations. b. TR sent the Great white fleet around the world to prove and show the Japanese and other countries American’s Power. c. Wanted to invest in the fruits companies in Central America. Dole fruit ?-What made WWI (The Great War) (1914-1918) different? a. Started with Franco Prussian war b. Germans were becoming industrialized (had more weaponry) c. Slavs wanted freedom from Austria-Hungary

d. “The black hand” terrorist group that the Serbians gave refuge. Responsible for the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife.

  1. America is neutral
  2. Pancho Villa-killed people in New Mexico ran back to Mexico. Americans can’t find him but American soldiers are still in Mexico causing tension.
  3. Zimmerman telegram- German government asked Mexican government to get involved in a war with Americans.
  4. Used mustard gas ?- how does America get involved in the war, what effect does the war have on America, individual liberties, effect of war internally and how it was presented to other nations,
  5. Espionage and Sedition Acts-WWI led to the passing of these laws/ these laws were about not spying on America and criticizing the war effort
  6. Schenck Vs U.S.-Schenck went out and told people not to join the war because it was wrong because they believed it was a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight. Schenck says it is against the 1st^ amendment but prosecution says it does not protect a man who runs into a crowded theater and shouts fire without a fire.
  7. In 1917 Lennon takes over the USSR so Russia pulls out of the war. Socialists were called reds. The fear of the red scare that the commies were going to attack America
  8. Writ of Habeas Corpus- this law stated that you must be told a reason why you are being held in jail.
  9. Martial Law- Military Law when the courts can’t function because of complete chaos. Habeas Corpus is null and void at the time.
  10. During WWII, Japanese-Americans (and many other immigrants) are thought to be spies and leads to hysteria. So they were held in camps to detain them, some thought this was illegal many disagrees.
  11. Lusitania (1915)-American British passenger boat sunk in 1950 sank by Germans, killed hundreds of Americans.
  12. When Germans renewed submarine warfare, U.S. becomes involved. ?-What role did the US play in making the peace treaty
  13. War ends in 1918. Woodrow Wilson sat at the peace table to try to get the 14 points adopted by other countries to prevent future war.
  14. Germans blamed for the whole war b/c they started it and hat to pay for all of the damages. Didn’t have an air force or an army of over 100,000 men.
  15. Treaty of Versailles (1918-1919)
  16. 14 points- to prevent future wars a. There should be international forum for countries to discuss problems. League of Nations b. Countries should reduce army, open markets, and give citizens the right to self- determination (divide up old empires).
  17. Although League of Nations (1919) is proposed by the US, we don’t join. (Wilson didn’t take any republicans with him to the meeting in Paris)
  18. Henry Cabbage _____ thought Wilson was a pompous ass ?- What evidence can you say that the depression impact on society?

c. When was accused, got ‘Clarence Danaw (was the lawyer that ACLU provided for scopes) to fight for him but William Jennings Bryan was for the state. William James Bryan- was the man that prosecuted Scopes. He felt like the man who in the fight against the evil of modernism

  1. Rise of Christian Fundamentalism- The argument that if you were a Christian they were principles that you must believe in order to be a Christian. a. Bible is literal b. Virgin birth c. Miracles d. Vicarious atonement e. 2 nd^ coming
  2. New Deal – was a social and economic reform implemented by FDR to a response to the great depression. ?-explain what brought about the economic collapse that lasted through the 1930’s and WWII Stock market crash a. The market was inflated which increase prices of stocks but the stocks didn’t represent the value of the companies that they were buying b. The people buying the stocks were really able to afford to buy the stocks so they took loans that they really couldn’t pay back. c. People seemed to be drunk with prosperity (people believed the economy would get better and better). d. People were quickly buying stocks on margin e. This also impacted small business causing to shut down because the lack to money floating around and had effect of bringing on the depression. f. Uncontrolled interest rates g. Bank runs - Banks, corps, etc. were speculating in the stock market. They lost depositor’s money. People ran to pull money out of the bank. Bank didn’t have enough money. Cause banks to fail. h. People can’t pay off housing. Can’t buy goods and services because can’t afford home even also Lost their jobs. Herbert Hoover- known as the great humanitarian. He Provided food to people in Europe due to war. In 1931, the man is called cold hearted even though he tried to stimulate economy. i. Reconstruction finance corp.- Independent agency that gave money to the states and local government, gave loans to banks etc. ii. Was know from his lassire faire policies ( did not wanted government in businesses) i. Farmers were in really bad shape. By 1920, they can’t get decent money at all to help sustain them. j. In 1920’s high tariff (Hawley Smoot Tariff) - we couldn’t buy goods from other countries, they didn’t get money. We lost money in the end ? - compare Hoover and Roosevelt response to the great depression

a. Hebert Hoover response to the depression was He tried to counter the great

depression by implementing quite a few new programs like, "Reconstruction Finance Corporation", but all of these programs failed because he and the Congress party failed to recognize the devastating consequences of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act. This also had a huge impacted on American trade and cause multiple banks to fail. So people criticized Hoover and called him the do-nothing president. b. FDR was a experimental president, he was willing to take chances unlike Hoover which helped him counter the depression. FDR response to the Depression was first tend to the bank crisis, FDR hit the depression with a counter attacked called the New Deal which was several of social and economic programs that simulate the economy in all sectors. ?-What about Roosevelt that makes him so popular? c. came down to GA for the warm springs to help relieve his polio d. Dramatically changes government involvement a. His mom played an interesting roll in his life b. Went to Harvard, Colombia Law School. c. Followed distant relative’s road to power, Theodore Roosevelt d. Blacks start voting for democrats e. Eleanor Roosevelt – had troubled relationship with wife, he had affair with secretary. Franklin and his mom convinced her not to divorce. But she did it only under conditions 1) don’t see secretary again 2) relationship was platonic. She became his legs. f. Convinced people he could walk when he went to speak. Made memorable quote “I have nothing to fear but fear itself” (fear prevented us from doing something productive) g. 1 st^ crisis he dealt with was the banking crisis of 1933. Created a bank holiday so that they could see if they were solvent and then open back up if they were and provided money to those who weren’t. h. He spoke to the people directly using radio (Fire side Chats). He was able to pick up good and bad ideas ?-Explain how Roosevelt responded to various crises during the early 1930’s that he has to address such as the farm economy. (Farming, elderly income, unemployment and poverty crisis)

  1. Addressing the farming economy***** a. Agricultural Adjustment Act- put crop prices up by paying farmers not to grow certain crops and create a need for certain crops b. Tugwell (heavy AAA) c. Eugene Tallmadge- opposed to programs and called Roosevelt a communist d. He employed John Maynard Keynes (British) government can stimulate economy by spending money e. Federal system tries to free up money during depression and put holds on credit during inflation.
  2. Addressing unemployment-