ABDOMEN
PATHOLOGY
1.) Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta
2.) Biliary Stenosis
Narrowing of the bile ducts
3.) Bowel Obstruction
Blockage of the bowel lumen
4.) Cholecystitis
Acute/chronic inflammation of the gall
bladder
5.) Choledocholithiasis
Calculus in the common bile duct
6.) Cholelithiasis
Presence of gallstones
7.) Ileus
Failure of bowel peristalsis
8.) Pancreatitis
Acute/chronic inflammation of the pancreas
9.) Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Collection of debris, fluid, pancreatic
enzymes & blood as a complication of acute
pancreatitis
10.) Pneumoperitoneum
Presence of air in the peritoneal cavity
RADIOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1.) Supine AP Projection (KUB)
It includes kidney, ureter & bladder
2.) Upright AP Projection (Flat)
3.) Three-way/Acute Abdominal Series
AP supine (KUB), AP upright & PA chest
Purpose: To rule out free air, bowel
obstruction & infections
PA Chest: to detect free air that may
accumulate under the diaphragm
4.) Left Lateral Decubitus
If patient cannot stand for AP upright
5.) Dorsal Decubitus
If the patient cannot assumed lateral
decubitus
A.) ABDOMEN
AP PROJECTION
PP:
Supine: arms over chest area; place support
under knees (to relieve strain); center IR at
level of iliac crest; pubic symphysis
included
Upright: arms at the s ides; weight equally
distributed on both feet; center IR 2 in.
superior to iliac crest or level of iliac crest
(bladder included)
RP: Level of iliac crest (supine); 2 in. superior to
iliac crest (upright)
CR: ┴ ; (supine) horizontal (upright)
SS:
Size & shape of liver
Spleen & kidneys
Intraabdominal calcifications
Evidence of tumor masses
PA Projection:
Performed when the kidneys are not of
primary interest
Rationale: greatly reduces patient gonadal
dose
Miller Recommendation:
Patient kept in left lateral position for 10-20
minutes or 5 minutes before taking
radiograph
Rationale:
oIt allow gas to rise into the area
under the right hemidiaphragm
oTo demonstrate small amounts of
intraperitoneal gas in acute
abdominal cases (10-20 mins)
oTo demonstrate larger amounts free
air (5 mins)
LATERAL PROJECTION
R or L Position
9/11/24, 8:34 PM
Abdomen - POSITIONING
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