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Thomas Aquinas and Anselm's Proofs of God's Existence and Human Redemption, Study notes of Christianity

Newberry CollegeChristianity

The philosophical arguments for the existence of god by thomas aquinas and anselm of canterbury, including the cosmological and teleological arguments. Anselm also discusses the concept of human redemption and the necessity of a god-man to make satisfaction for sin. The document also includes excerpts from peter lombard and meister eckhart.

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Uploaded on 11/25/2009

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Thomas Aquinas’s Proofs
•1. All motion is the result of something else
causing the motion. This chain of movers
cannot be endless, therefore, God is the
unmoved mover who starts everything.
•2. Everything exists in a cause and effect
relationship. There cannot be an endless
chain of causes and effects, therefore, God
is the First Cause of all Creation
(Cosmological Argument).
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Thomas Aquinas’s Proofs

  • (^) 1. All motion is the result of something else causing the motion. This chain of movers cannot be endless, therefore, God is the unmoved mover who starts everything.
  • (^) 2. Everything exists in a cause and effect relationship. There cannot be an endless chain of causes and effects, therefore, God is the First Cause of all Creation (Cosmological Argument).

Thomas Aquinas’ Proofs 2

  • (^) 3. All things may be as a matter of possibility or necessity. All necessarily depend upon others, however, this chain of dependency cannot be endless. Therefore, God is the only necessity which does not owe its necessity to any other thing but is the cause of the necessity of other things.

Peter Lombard

Now let us approach the sacraments of the new law, which are: baptism, confirmation, the bread of blessing, that is, the eucharist, penance, extreme unction (last rites), orders, marriage. Of these some provide a remedy against sin and confer assisting grace, such as baptism; others are only a remedy, such as marriage; others strengthen us with grace and power, such as the eucharist and orders.

Anselm of Canterbury

  • Judge for yourself if it is not contrary to God’s honor for man to be reconciled to him still bearing the reproach of the outrage he inflicted on God, without first honoring God by conquering the devil, just as he dishonored him when he was conquered by the devil. But the victory ought to be like this. Strong and immortal in power, man freely accepted the devil’s temptation to sin, and thus justly incurred the penalty of mortality; now, weak and mortal as he made himself, he ought through the distress of death to conquer the devil, so as not to sin at all. But this is what he cannot do as long as through the wound of the first sin, he is conceived and born in sin.

Anselm of Canterbury

  • (^) Therefore, for the God-Man to do this, the person who is to make this satisfaction must be both perfect God and perfect man, because none but true God can make it, and none but true man owes it.

Meister Eckhart

“Now mark what the circle of eternity means. The soul has three ways into God. One is, to seek God in all creatures, ardently longing and busily working in various ways…The second way is a wayless way, free and yet bound, raised, rapt- away well-nigh past self and all things, will-less, formless; there seems nothing left but sheer being…The third way is called way but is really home: seeing God face to face in his his-ness… Into God in this way, led by the light of his Word and compassed about by the love of them both that beggars description.”

Bonaventure

  • (^) However, much then, a man’s inward steps are ordered and progress made, it is of no avail unless accompanied by help from on high. But divine aid is at hand, for those who seek it with a devout and humble heart, and sigh for it in this Valley of Tears; this is done by fervent prayer. Prayer, is therefore, the source and origin of every upward progress that has God for goal.