Download Notes.. organic inorgaic phisical chemistry nd zoology and more Essays (university) Zoology in PDF only on Docsity!
CHEMISTRY HONOURS SYLLABUS
CHE-UG-E101: Introduction to Chemistry I
Unit I: Inorganic Chemistry Atomic Structure : Brief discussion: Bohr's theory and five series of hydrogen spectrum, Fine spectra: Relativistic correction and Sommerfield theory, Quantum numbers, space quantization Zeeman Effect / Stark effect. Shape of atomic orbital: Schrödinger's wave equation, Significance of Ψ and |Ψ*^ Ψ|, radial and angular wave functions, Probability distribution curves of s, p, d orbital. Periodic Table and properties: s, p, d and f block elements, noble gases, electronic structure, oxidation states, atomic covalent ionic and van der Waal radii, variation of size of the atoms, ionization energy, electronegativity, electropositive character, electron affinity, inert pair effect and diagonal relationship. Chemical Bonding-I : Radius ratio / coordination number/ limitation of radius ratio; potential energy diagram for the formation of ionic bond; lattice energy Born-Lande equation , Born Haber Cycle; solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids.
Unit II: Organic Chemistry Chemistry of Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes -Structure, Reactivity, Hybridization. Functional Groups. Concepts of Isomerism – Constitutional Isomerism. Inductive effect, Mesomeric effect Hyperconjugation, Resonance, steric effect, thermodynamically controlled and kinetically controlled products. Substitution (SN1, SN2), Elimination (E1, E2), addition reactions: C=C and C=O, Rearrangments, Reactive intermediates: carbocation, carbanion, carbene, nitrene, free radicals (general idea and reactions)
Unit III: Physical Chemistry Gaseous States: Kinetic theory of gases: Assumption of Kinetic theory of gases,Root mean square, average and most probable velocities; Maxwell's distribution of molecular velocities;
Paper No Name of Paper Credits Marks
CHE-UG-E101 Introduction to Chemistry I 4 100 CHE-UG-E201 Introduction to Chemistry II 4 100 CHE-UG-E301 Introduction to Chemistry III 4 100 CHE-UG-C401 Organic Chemistry 4 100
CHE-UG-C402 Inorganic Chemistry 4 100 CHE-UG-C501 Physical Chemistry 4 100 CHE-UG-C502 Spectroscopy 4 100 CHE-UG-C601 Instrumental Techniques 4 100 CHE-UG-C602 Bio and Medicinal Chemistry 4 100 TOTAL 36 900
collision number, collision diameter and mean free path. Real gases : Causes of deviation from ideal behavior; equations of states for real gases (vanderwaals) critical constants; Boyle temp and Andrew equation, continuity of state; law of corresponding states; reduced equation of state. Solids: Elementary discussion on the basic concept of crystallography with special reference to space lattice, unit cell, X-ray diffraction by crystals, Bragg's equation; close packing in crystals, bravais lattice.crystal structure of NaCl , KCl, CsCl, ZnS. Crystal defects. Thermodynamics: System, surroundings; types of systems, intensive and extensive properties; state and path functions and their differentials; thermodynamic processes; concept of heat and work. First law of thermodynamics, internal energy and enthalpy; heat capacity, relation between heat temperature relation between Cp and Cv; isothermal and Adiabatic changes; enthalpy of chemical changes; temperature dependence of enthalpy, inversion temp.Joule Thompson effect
Unit IV: Organic Chemistry Practical Qualitative analysis of organic compounds (element detection and functional groups), melting point determination.
CHE-UG-E201: Introduction to Chemistry II
Unit I: Inorganic Chemistry Chemical Bonding-II: Concept of bonding, σ and π bonds, Valence Bond Theory-basic postulates. Hybridization and types of hybrid orbital; VSEPR theory and shapes of molecules; Molecular Orbital Theory basic postulates; difference between VBT and MOT. M.O. diagrams of homonuclear diatomic molecules up to Ne, CO and NO; coordinate bond; hydrogen bond; van der Waals forces. Brief discussion on metallic bonding. Chemistry of Elements:- Reactions and properties of Group I to IV. Reactivity of the elements of periodic table with special reference to diagonal relationship, allotropy, catenation, complex formation, lanthanide contraction.Compounds of noble gases (Xenon) Acids and Bases: Arrhenius theory, Bronsted and Lowry theory, Lux flood concept, Lewis concept, HSAB concept.
Unit II: Organic Chemistry Alcohols: Preparation and properties of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, distinction of alcohols by Victor Meyer and oxidation method. Conversions of hydroxyl groups to other functional groups. Aldehyde & Ketone: General methods of preparation of aldehydes and ketones: mechanisms of nucleophilic addition (1,2 and 1,4 etc.) addition, condensation reactions, Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro, haloform, benzoin, ReimerTiemann, Perkin reactions. Aromatic compounds: Resonance; Huckels rule, antiaromaticity; eletrophilic and nucleophilic substitutions reactions. Friedel Crafts reactions (alkylation and acylation) directive effect of substituents in benzene.
Unit III: Physical Chemistry
reactions, preparation of diazomethane and comparison of its stability with aromatic diazonuim compounds, uses. Optical isomerism: Introduction of symmetry elements and operations. Chiral centres, optical isomerism of lactic and tartaric acids. Geometrical isomerism (maleic and fumaric acids). Enantiomers, Diastereomers, Carbohydrates: Definition, classification; reactions and determination of structures of glucose and fructose; mutarotation, inversion of cane sugar.
Unit III: Physical Chemistry Solutions: Surface tension and viscosity, temperature dependence of surface tension and viscosity; dipole moment, structure determination from dipole moment analysis. Raoult's law ideal and non ideal solutions; dilute solution, colligative properties, Vant Hoff's factor. Ionic Equilibrium: Conductance of solutions; weak and strong electrolytes, Ostwald's dilution law, its uses and limitations; DebyeHuchel theory, onsager theory transport number; applications of conductometric titrations. Electrochemical Cells: Reversible and irreversible cells; types of reversible electrodes, cell construction and sign convention electrode reactions. Nernst equation; derivation of cell E.M.F. and single electrode potential; standard hydrogen electrode, reference electrode, standard electrode potential. Solubility products and activity coefficient; common ion effect; ionic product of water, pH, hydrolysis of salts; buffer solutions (only significance, no derivations), Handerson equation, concept of indicator.Introduction to corrosion. Surface Chemistry: Types of adsorption, Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm;BET equation, change in enthalpy, entropy and free energy of adsorption. Definition, classification, preparation, purification and stability of colloids, kinetic, optical and electrical properties of colloids, protective action, Hardy-Schulze law, Gold number, Emulsions, types of emulsions, preparation, emulsifiers.
Unit III: Physical Chemistry Practical
- Viscosity and surface tension measurements of aqueous solutions.
- Verification of Lambert Beer's law for methyl orange and phenolphthalein at different Concentrations.
- Conductometric titration of different combination of strong and weak acids and bases.
- Preparation of a set of buffer solutions and to find the pH of the unknown solution colorimetrically.
CHE-UG-C401: Organic Chemistry
Unit I: Photochemistry of Organic Compounds General concepts, Franck- Condon principle; singlet, triplet states; Norrish type I and II processes, Paterno-Buchi reaction, Barton reaction, photo-oxidation and reduction, rearrangements. Pericyclic Reactions : Phase, symmetry. MO theory, bonding, anti-bonding and non-bonding MO'S, Electro-cyclic, sigmatropic reactions ,conrotation,disrotation, cycloaddition reactions, Diels- Alder reaction, supra and interfacial. Claisen rearrangement.
Unit II: Heterocyclic Compounds General idea; methods of preparations, properties and reactions of furan, pyrole, pyridine, indole, quinoline, isoquinoline; Fisher-Indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napiereski reaction. Stereochemistry Chirality of molecules, stereoisomers, notations, d, l, R, S systems, E, Z systems, conformational analysis of n-butane, 1,2-ethane diol, energy profile curves including that of thedihedral angle, eclipse, staggered, gauch conformations; representations by Newmann, Sawhorse, Fischer projection; chirality of allene and biphenyl systems (atropisomerism). Conformation of cyclohexane and substituted cyclohexane.
Unit III: Use of Reagents in Organic Synthesis OsO4, SeO2, Ph(OAc)4, HIO4, NBS, B2H6, NaBH4, 9-BBN, CrO3, LiAlH4, n-ButylyLithium, MCPBA, Na in liquid Ammonia including mechanism.
Unit IV: Organic Chemistry Practical
1. Identification of solid organic compounds (functional groups, preparations of derivatives and melting points/boiling points). At least 6 sample in each case. 2. Determination of Rf values and identification of organic Compounds (Separation of two/three compounds by TLC/Paper chromatography.) 3. Detection of functional group using IR and UV-Visible spectroscopy.
CHE-UG-C402: Inorganic Chemistry
Unit I: Elemental Chemistry Group III: Preparation, properties and structures of Borane carboranes, borax, borazine. Group IV: Lamellar compounds, metal carbonyls ; fullerenes, carbides, flurocarbons, silicates (structure), silicones. Group V: Study of Hydrides (stability/basic character/bond and angles ) hydrazine, Phosphorus and Hypophosphorus acids ,Phosphonitriles, Soduim nitro prussides( preaparation,properties and uses) and oxyacids of P, phosphonitrles Group VI: oxides, peroxides, superoxides, hydrides of S (acid character and bond angles), oxides of S, acids and oxyacids of S( Sulphuric acid and sulphorous acid; thionic acids. Group VII: Anamolous behaviour of F, basic character of halogens, acids and oxy acids; oxidisingproperty; inter halogens, polyhalides and Pseudohalides.
Unit II: Oxidation and Reduction Use of redox potential data, Analysis of redox cycle redox stability in water, Frost Latimer and Pourbaix diagrams, Principles involved in the extraction of elements (by the use of redox potential). Coordination Chemistry (II): Limitations of VBT and introduction to Crystal Field Theory, Splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral, tetrahedral and square planer field. tetragonal distortion factors affecting crystal field parameters , Crystal Field stabilization energy, magnetic property, L-S coupling, μ and μeff calculation, term symbols, “d-d spectra” and introduction to selection,
Unit III: Statistical Thermodynamics Thermodynamic probability and entropy, Boltzman distribution, partition function, Thermodynamic function, and equilibrium constant in terms of partition function, Einstein's theory of specific heat of solids, Debye T3 laws. Chemical Kinetics: Kinetics of complex reactions, opposing reactions, parallel reactions, consecutive or chain reactions. Theories of reaction rates, Arhenius eqn. collision theory, theory of absolute reaction rates. Primary and Secondary Salt effects.
Unit IV: Practical
- Determination of molar mass of polymer by viscometric methods- polyvinyl pyrollidone.
- Kinetic measurements of acid hydrolysis of esters.
- Partition or distribution co-efficient of I 2 between CCl 4 &H 2 0.
- To study reaction rate between acetone & I 2 in presence of an acid.
- Precipitation by conductometric titration ( KCl & AgNO3 solution)
- Iodination of acetone
- Adsorption of oxalic acid and acetic acid on activated charcoal
CHE-UG-502: Spectroscopy
Unit I: Molecular symmetry & Group theory Symmetry elements, symmetry operation, Group multiplication table H 2 O &NH 3 , Laws of group theory. Molecular Spectroscopy : Interactions of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and various types of spectra; bonds-Born-Openheimer approximation, rotation spectroscopy- rigid rotator, SHM, intensities of spectral lines, determination of bond length of di-atomic and tri- atomic molecules, isotopic substitutions.
Unit II: Vibrational Spectroscopy Vibrational terms, classical equation of vibrations, vibrational energy of diatomic molecules, zero point energy, computation force constant, amplitude of diatomic molecular vibrations, anti hormonicity, Morse potential, dissociation energies, fundamental frequencies, overtones, hot bands, degree of freedom for poly atomic molecule, concept of group frequencies, vibrational and rotational spectroscopy, diatomic vibrating rotator, P, Q, R branches. Electronic Spectroscopy : Frank- Condon principle, electronic transition, singlet and triplet states, fluorescence and phosphorescence, dissociation and pre-dissociation, calculation of electronic transition of polyenes using free electron model,
Unit III: Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds UV, IR, MS General concept and applications in structural determination of simple organic compounds. Magnetic resonance, NMR spectroscopy: Principle, Larmor precession, chemical shift and low resolution spectra, different scales, spin-spin coupling, spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxations, exchange process High resolution spectra, interpretation of PMR
spectra of A-X organic molecules. Application of PMR and CMR (structure elucidation of organic compounds). Electronic spin resonance and its principle, hyperfine structure, ESR of simple radicals. Unit IV: Practical Practical may be substituted by a term paper on any of the techniques and applications
CHE-UG-601: Instrumental Techniques
Unit I: Treatment of Analytical Data Accuracy/Precision, Classification of errors/ Minimization of errors, Simple statistics, Frequency, statistics, distribution curve, Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Comparison of Data Least square methods, Quantification and Confidence intervals, Sampling and correlation.
Unit II: Gravimetry Principles, Co-precipitation and post precipitation, Removal and minimization of errors in gravimetric procedures, Efficiency of washing.
Unit III: Chromatography Basic principles, Column chromatography, Thin layer chromatography,Rf value, Paper chromatography, Gas chromatography, Flash chromatography, HPLC.
Unit III: Solvent Extraction Theory and basic principles, Choice of solvents, separation factor, complexing agent, Efficiency and Percentage extraction. Ion Exchange : Theory and principles, Ion exchange resins, quality of resins, Ion exchange capacity and ion exchange equilibrium, Deionization of water. Electro-analytical chemistry : Liquid junction potential,Standard electrode potential, Sign convention, Electrochemical series and its, significance, Redoxpotential/Formal potential/Redox indicators, Polarisation /Over voltage, Voltametry (Theory and principles)/Theory of corrosion. Potentiometric titrations.
Unit IV: Practical
1. Separation of mixture of diastereisomer by TLC. 2. Separation of amino acids by TLC. 3. Determination of hardness of water. 4. Detection and estimation of metal ions in a soil and water samples by flame photometer. 5. Potentiometric titration. 6. Use of software for obtaining ground state energy of lithium and beryllium.
CHE-UG-602: Bio and Medical Chemistry
Unit I: Biological Chemistry
- Morrisson and Boyd : Organic Chemistry
- March : Advanced Organic Chemistry
- Solomon : Organic Chemistry (Vol I and II)
- Carey : Organic Chemistry
- Loudon : Organic Chemistry
- Mukherjee , Singh and Kapoor :
- Organic Chemistry (Vol I, II and III )
- Sykes : A Guide to Mechanism of Organic
- Eliel : Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds
Physical Chemistry
- West : Solid State Chemistry and Its Applications,
- Billmeye : Textbook of Polymer Science
- Barrow : Physical Chemistry
- Tembe : Statistical Mechanics
- Bockris : Modern Electrochemistry
- Chandra : Introduction to Quantum Chemistry
- Glasstone : Electrochemistry
- Castellan : Physical Chemistry
- Tareen and Kutty : Basic Course in Crystallography
- Rajaram and Kuriacose : Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Transformations
Inorganic Chemistry
- Huheey, Keiter, Keiter and Medhi : Inorganic Chemistry
- Tarr and Miesler : Inorganic Chemistry
- Mendham : Vogel's textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis
- Svelha : Vogel's Qualitative Chemical Analysis
- Sakurai : Advanced Quantum mechanics
- Sakurai : Basic Quantum Mechanics
- Christian : Analytical chemistry
- Cotton : Basic Inorganic Chemistry
- Cotton : Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
- Douglas: Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry
