Genetic Shift and Drift of COVID-19: Implications for Public Health and Vaccines | Essays (university) Constitutional Law

Now Genetic Shift but Politisation in Essential Services, Supplies

and Plans can leads to Genetic Drift of Corona Virus

By now, India has registered over 3.14 lakh new COVID- 19 cases in a day,

the highest-ever single-day count recorded in any country. The virus is an

RNA type having RNA has its genetic material having core protein protecting

the RNA. The virus cannot replicate in the air however, it can only replicate

inside a human body. Earlier, it attacks only animals, but now the virus itself

has become so developed that now they have started attacking humans as

well. In the present era, the virus has now developed spike-like protein on its

surface. By using spike-like protein, the virus binds to Angiotensin

Converting Enzyme- 2 (ACE- 2) receptors present in our body cells types and

tissue, including the lungs, heart, blood, vessel, kidneys, liver, and

gastrointestinal tract.

Earlier Stain of the virus was replicating into the same offspring. Hence when

it infects us, our body also produces antibodies against them. Based on the

protein present in the virus surface, vaccine is discovered to instigate to

produce such antibodies that will bind and kill this virus.

Now according to the experts, the virus is finding new ways to protecting

itself. The virus knows that our immune system will detect and kill them if it

comes up with the same component. Therefore, the virus occurs some small

changes in its RNA genetic materials to change its genetic structure, i.e.,

protein code, to attack our body. This process is called a mutation. Because

of this mutation process the SARS-CoV-2 that is continuing to spread around

the world may not be the same as the virus that emerged in Wuhan province

of China in 2019.

Due to mutation and change in genetic structure, the virus now contains

both old components and new components. Therefore our antibodies can go

against the old components but cannot recognize and detect the new ones.

So there is a high chance that some of these virus components will escape

the immune system accordingly replicate.

If a person gets infected with the earlier strain of virus, even after

vaccination, it is possible that he/she may be infected with the new strain

after a few months or years, i.e. new substrain. However, it is not generally

possible that a person will be infected by the same strain or substrain of

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Now Genetic Shift but Politisation in Essential Services, Supplies and Plans can leads to Genetic Drift of Corona Virus By now, India has registered over 3.14 lakh new COVID- 19 cases in a day, the highest-ever single-day count recorded in any country. The virus is an RNA type having RNA has its genetic material having core protein protecting the RNA. The virus cannot replicate in the air however, it can only replicate inside a human body. Earlier, it attacks only animals, but now the virus itself has become so developed that now they have started attacking humans as well. In the present era, the virus has now developed spike-like protein on its surface. By using spike-like protein, the virus binds to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme- 2 (ACE- 2) receptors present in our body cells types and tissue, including the lungs, heart, blood, vessel, kidneys, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Earlier Stain of the virus was replicating into the same offspring. Hence when it infects us, our body also produces antibodies against them. Based on the protein present in the virus surface, vaccine is discovered to instigate to produce such antibodies that will bind and kill this virus. Now according to the experts, the virus is finding new ways to protecting itself. The virus knows that our immune system will detect and kill them if it comes up with the same component. Therefore, the virus occurs some small changes in its RNA genetic materials to change its genetic structure, i.e., protein code, to attack our body. This process is called a mutation. Because of this mutation process the SARS-CoV-2 that is continuing to spread around the world may not be the same as the virus that emerged in Wuhan province of China in 2019. Due to mutation and change in genetic structure, the virus now contains both old components and new components. Therefore our antibodies can go against the old components but cannot recognize and detect the new ones. So there is a high chance that some of these virus components will escape the immune system accordingly replicate. If a person gets infected with the earlier strain of virus, even after vaccination, it is possible that he/she may be infected with the new strain after a few months or years, i.e. new substrain. However, it is not generally possible that a person will be infected by the same strain or substrain of

virus repeatedly because our immune system has a pretty good memory to recognize and kill the same type of strain. Since the coded protein are antigens of the virus, and they can change their code protein. This changing of situation is known as genetic drift in the virus. But if a rearrangement of the genetic components occurs between the old strain and the new strain of the virus. Due to the genetic rearrangement, the overall production of protein will be changed, resulting in totally and an entirely new type of code protein that would be new and ineffective to our immune system- our discovered vaccination. This mechanism is known as a genetic shift in the virus , which can cause another severe pandemic. While looking to the severe and emergent situation, the judiciary itself has interfered so that the country's system does not get failed. On 09.04.2021 the Hon'ble High Court of Orissa dismisses a petition of civil engineer proposing Red Ant Chutney as Covid-19 Cure. On 19.04.2021, the Hon'ble High Court of Allahabad in the matter of In- Re Inhuman condition at quarantine centres and for providing better treatment to corona positive vs State of Uttar Pradesh” while recording displeasure on the action of UP Government and State Election Commission towards the magnitude of second wave of COVID- 19, observed that " In any civilised society if public health system is not able to meet the challenges and people die for want of proper medication, it means there has been no proper development. Health and education go side-by-side. " The Hon’ble high court on findings from the scenario of discrimination between ordinary men and VIPs/VVIPs in the context of supply of live saving drug i.e Remdesivire further observed that the High Court cannot shirk away from their constitutional duty to save innocent people from the pandemic which is spreading due to the negligence of a few. Thus the Hon’ble High Court in the larger public interest passed orders to break the chain of the pandemic COVID-19 thus directed the UP government to strictly enforce its direction of lockdown in respect of 5 major Cities in Uttar Pradesh. On 20.04.2021 the Hon'ble High Court of Delhi in Rakesh Malhotra vs Government of National Capital Territory of India And Ors (W.P.(C) 3031/2020) while hearing an interim application concerning shortage of oxygen in the COVID-19 situation relied on the fact that largest manufacture of oxygen namely, M/s INOX which has existing contracts with hospitals in Delhi to supply 140 MT of oxygen, has suddenly stopped its supply and is

basis and submit a report stating clearly the present status of number of beds available for COVID-19 patients in different CCCs, DCHCs and DCHs, showing the number of beds which are equipped with oxygen, ICU beds and number of ventilators available and to what extent the number of such beds, is proposed to be increased, category wise. On 22.04.2021, the three judges bench of Hon'ble Supreme Court of India comprising of Hon'ble Chief Justice of India SA Bobde, Hon’ble Justices L Nageswara Rao and Hon’ble S Ravindra Bhat has taken suo motu cognizance in the current wave of the Covid-19 pandemic upon the findings that a certain amount of panic has been generated and people have invoked the jurisdiction of several High Courts in the country seeking various reliefs such as Delhi, Bombay, Sikkim, M.P., Calcutta, Allahabad and Gujarat. The Court observed that the distribution of these essential services and supplies must be done in an even handed manner according to the advice of the health authorities on the account of relevant factors like severity, susceptibility, the number of people affected and the local availability of resources. The Court further observed that the High Courts have passed certain orders that may accelerate and prioritize the services to a certain set of people and slow down the availability of these resources to certain other groups whether the groups are local, regional or otherwise. The Hon'ble Supreme Court of India while expecting a national plan from the Central government in relation to a) Supply of oxygen; b) Supply of essential drugs; c) Method and manner of vaccination; and d) Declaration of lockdown, the Court issued notice to the Union Government, the State Governments/Union Territories and the parties, who appeared to have approached the High Courts to show cause why uniform orders be not passed by the Court. The bench has appointed Shri Harish Salve, as Amicus Curiae, to assist the Court in the matter. Due to interference by the judiciary, the differences between the governments with different political parties have been reduced. Presently, the genetic drift of the virus i.e. mutation is taking place, but the government will also have to pay attention in this direction so that conditions like the genetic shift of the virus do not arise. Simultaneously, if the national plan is decided based on mutation of the virus, then there is a mere possibility of reduction in this disaster. But in the event of politicisation even this serious disaster of fate cannot be ruled out.

Advocate Shikhar Parganiha

Genetic Shift and Drift of COVID-19: Implications for Public Health and Vaccines, Essays (university) of Constitutional Law

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