NR 222 Week 6 Edapt LATEST 2025 EXAMS ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS-GRADED A+, Exams of Nursing

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NR 222 Week 6 Edapt 2025

EXAMS ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH 100%

VERIFIED ANSWERS- GRADED A+

What is the primary reason students entering health-related fields study developmental theories? Understanding developmental theory helps the nurse better predict, detect, and prevent problems that may impact a client's health. A nurse assesses an infant's height, weight, and head circumference. Which type of development is the healthcare professional assessing? Biophysical Cephalocaudal development means growth is FASTEST/SLOWEST at the top of the body. Proximodistal development means growth starts at the CENTER/EXTREMITIES. Fastest Center cephalocaudal development Development that occurs from the top of the head down to the extremities. proximodistal development Development that occurs from the core or centre of the body outwards (towards the extremities) What are the 4 types of developmental theories to understand human development? Biophysical Psychosocial Cognitive Moral Biophysical Development How the human bodies grow and change over time Most common biophysical theory used by healthcare professionals is Gesell's Theory of Development psychosocial development Human development based on personality, thinking, and behavior Most common psychosocial theory used by healthcare professionals is Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development Cognitive Development How an individual learns to think and makes sense of the world from childhood to adulthood Most common cognitive theory used by healthcare professionals is Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Moral development

Lawrence Kohlberg developmental theory match: Theory of psychosocial development Erik Erikson What impact will be experienced by an individual who fails to achieve developmental milestones? Future developmental milestone achievement may be delayed. Kohlberg's stages of moral development preconventional (1-10), conventional (10- 19), postconventional (19-death) Piaget's Stages of Cognitive development Sensorimotor (birth-2), Preoperational (2-7), Concrete operational (7-10), Formal operational (10-death) Erikson's Stages of psychosocial development Trust (birth-1.5), Autonomy (1.5-3), Industry (7-12), Identity (12-19), Intimacy (19-35), Generativity (3565), Intergrity (65-death) Wellness across the life span is defined by the PERCEPTION OF HEALTH/ABSENCE OF ILLNESS and DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES/INTELLECTUAL ABILITY reached during each stage of life. Each life stage is defined ACCOMPLISHMENTS/BENCHMARKS by against which development is measured. Absence of illness Developmental milestones Benchmarks CASE STUDY: Which client is likely experiencing significant physical growth that needs to be measured? Sadie is a 6-month-old infant. Thomas is a 32-year-old adult Harold is a 73-year-old adult Teresa is a 21-year-old adult Sadie is a 6-month-old infant. CASE STUDY: Jessie begins to assess Sadie's growth. Click to specify if each example demonstrates cephalocaudal growth or proximodistal growth. Infants use the hands to grasp objects before they walk. - Cephalocaudal Head control is gained before the ability to sit up. - Cephalocaudal Infants learn to grasp objects with their palm before their fingers. - Proximodistal

Infants gain control over the torso before the legs. - Proximodistal CASE STUDY: While assessing Thomas, Jessie becomes concerned about how the client's behaviors have influenced beliefs and decisions in the past. Which developmental theory should Jessie use in her assessment? Kohlberg's theory of moral development CASE STUDY: While assessing Harold, Jessie understands that the client should be accomplishing which stages of development? Select all that apply. Review the image provided below to answer this question. Postconventional moral development Formal operational cognitive development Psychosocial development of integrity CASE STUDY: While assessing Teresa, Jessie understands that the client should be accomplishing which stage of psychosocial development? Intimacy CASE STUDY: When caring for clients, Jessie understands that it is important to develop FOCUSED/LIFE SPAN a perspective of human development to assist with health DIAGNOSIS/PROMOTION and education. Life span Promotion Which theorist called theory components developmental tasks and incorporated two opposing tasks for each age group? Erikson How does an understanding of various developmental theories promote healthy interactions between individuals and health professionals? Select all that apply.

• Knowing a person's developmental stage helps the provider select information that is understandable to each client.
• Understanding developmental theory helps professionals better perform the necessary skills for care.
• The knowledge allows the provider to assess and understand the individual's responses.
• The professional who understands human development theory is better prepared to assist a client experiencing a developmental crisis.
• Developmental theory allows the provider to predict which clients will fail to comply with lifestyle modifications that promote health.
• The knowledge allows the provider to assess and understand the individual's responses.
• The professional who understands human development theory is better prepared to assist a client experiencing a developmental crisis.
• Knowing a person's developmental stage helps the provider select information that is understandable to each client.

Positive Aspect of Crisis: Intimacy Negative Aspect of Crisis: Isolation Virtue: Love Generativity vs. Stagnation 35 years - 65 years Positive Aspect of Crisis: Generatively Negative Aspect of Crisis: Stagnation Virtue: Caring integrity vs despair After 65 Positive Aspect of Crisis: Integrity Negative Aspect of Crisis: Despair Virtue: Wisdom Erikson's stages of psychosocial development in order are: Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair The healthcare professional is teaching a new mother about infant care. Understanding Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which recommendation will the professional make? Attend to the infants need when cued The caregiver of a 10-year-old child tells the healthcare professional that the child seems to be more attentive to friends than family. Which response demonstrates the professional's understanding of psychosocial development? "Peer relationships are very important at this stage of development." An older adult client looks back at life achievements and is satisfied. This adult has achieved GENERATIVITY/INTEGRITY. Integrity Stages to age groups Older adult - integrity vs despair School age - industry vs. inferiority Middle adult - Generativity vs Stagnation Infants - Trust vs. Mistrust Preschoolers - Initiative vs. Guilt

Young adult - Intimacy vs. isolation Toddlerhood - Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt Adolescence

• Identity vs Role confusion CASE STUDY: Which clients should Mark assess using Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Select all that apply Tim Sara Samantha Jeffrey Carla CASE STUDY: Mark considers Jeffrey's assessment. What crisis is Jeffrey at risk for since they cannot achieve full independence? Shame and Doubt CASE STUDY: Mark reviews Carla's medical record and knows that they have achieved which virtue? Love CASE STUDY: During Sara's assessment, the caregiver states that one minute Sara wants to be an adult and parent the infant and the next minute wants to put the baby up for adoption. Sara can then return to cheerleading with friends. Which crisis has Sara developed? Role confusion CASE STUDY: Mark begins talking with Tim about his disappointment. What can Mark encourage to enhance feelings of integrity? Select all that apply. Reflection on a relationship with a higher power Reflection on meaningful partner relationships Reflection on community service CASE STUDY: After speaking with Samantha and the guardian, Mark correctly assumes that Samantha has achieved COMPETENCE/PURPOSE/WISDOM. Competence A teenager refuses to wear the clothes purchased by the guardian, stating they make them look ridiculous. What internal conflict is occurring? Identity vs. Role Confusion The guardians of a toddler allow the child to make simple choices, such as selecting clothing and what to drink with meals. These actions assist the child to master which developmental task? Autonomy Piaget's cognitive development theory focuses on which aspect of human development? Select all that apply.

Child's belief that inanimate objects have feelings and thoughts. Magical Thinking ideas that one's thoughts or behaviors have control over specific situations Egocentrism the inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes The healthcare professional is explaining Piaget's cognitive development theory to pediatric caregivers. Which child behavior is characteristic of the concrete operational period? The child is able to classify, order, and sort facts Reversibility Classification Conversation Classify, order, and sort facts Formal Operational Period Age: 11 years and beyond Cog. Development: Capacity for abstract thinking is developed. Thinking is beyond the present. Can draw logical conclusions from a set of observations. Hallmark: Early: Egocentric thought, Invulnerability Later: Abstract thinking A female adolescent who is having unprotected sex with a male partner comments to a friend, "Did you hear about Kathy? I heard they are pregnant. That would never happen to me!" This thinking demonstrates which aspect of Piaget's formal operational stage? Sense of invulnerability Abstract thinking individual has the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities and consequences. conservation ability to see objects or quantities, such as liquid, as remaining the same even if their physical appearance changes. Period of cognitive development associated with Life stage: School age Concrete operational Period of cognitive development associated with Life stage: Adolescent and adult Formal operational Period of cognitive development associated with Life stage:Infants and toddlers Sensorimotor Period of cognitive development associated with Life stage: Preschoolers Preoperational

CASE STUDY: While observing Jolie, Tara noticed that when the caregiver stepped out of the room to take a phone call, Jolie became very fussy and started whining. Jolie tried to crawl toward the door. What does this behavior represent? Object permanence CASE STUDY: Tara is inquiring about Justin's plans after graduation. Justin responds about wanting to go to college to become a respiratory therapist. Justin continues sharing that this will be a great career choice because of the ability to work anywhere and make good money. What does this thinking represent? Abstract thinking CASE STUDY: Tara presents Tommy with two glasses of water. One glass is short and wide, while the other is tall and thin. Tommy does not understand that both glasses have the same amount of water in them. If Tommy did understand that the amount of water was the same, what would this thinking represent? Conservation CASE STUDY: Gabby is afraid of the dark and convinced that a monster is hiding in the closet. Tara understands this is characteristic of EGOCENTRIC/HYPOTHETICAL/MAGICAL thinking which is characteristic of the CONCRETE/PREOPERATIONAL period. Magical Pre-operational CASE STUDY: Upon assessment, Tara notes that Tommy does not recognize that objects exist even when the objects are outside the visual field. Based on this observation, what action should Tara take? Report the observation to the healthcare provider CASE STUDY: Based on Tara's assessment, which child is not progressing normally through Piaget's periods of cognitive development? Tommy Cindy has just realized that two $1 bills are less money than one $20 bill. Which period of cognitive development is Cindy mastering? concrete operational April (pronouns, she/her), 15 years old, calls her best friend crying. She has a date with someone she has been interested in for months, but now has a pimple on her nose. April wants to cancel the date, thinking that everyone will see the pimple and laugh at her. This thinking demonstrates which aspect of Piaget's formal operations stage? Egocentric thought Moral development refers to which aspects of human behavior? Select all that apply.

Level 2: Stage 3 Concerned with conformity and loyalty to one's group through trust, respect, and gratitude. Level 2: Stage 4 Expands focus to societal concerns. Right behavior is a duty. 2 stages of postconventional reasoning Social Contract orientation Universal Ethical Principle Orientation Level 3: Stage 5 Follows societal rules but recognizes the possibility of changing the law to improve society. Level 3: Stage 6 The right decision is based on the individual's self-chosen ethical principles. Jacob's teacher instructed the class to sit quietly and work independently. However, Jacob noticed a classmate throw an eraser at another student. Jacob yelled at the other student to stop. When the teacher told Jacob to go to the principal's office, Jacob explained that it would not be right to receive punishment since they were standing up for another student. Jacob is displaying PRECONVENTIONAL/CONVENTIONAL/ POSTCONVENTIONAL reasoning. Postconventional Jacob's teacher instructed the class to sit quietly and work independently. However, Jacob noticed a classmate throw an eraser at another student. Jacob wanted to alert the teacher but had been told to sit quietly. Jacob did not want to be punished, so stayed silent. Jacob is displaying PRECONVENTIONAL/CONVENTIONAL/ POSTCONVENTIONAL reasoning. Preconventional Jacob's teacher instructed the class to sit quietly and work independently. However, Jacob noticed a classmate throw an eraser at another student. Jacob yelled at the other student to stop. When the teacher told Jacob to go to the principal's office, Jacob accepted the punishment. Jacob is displaying PRECONVENTIONAL/CONVENTIONAL/ POSTCONVENTIONAL reasoning. Conventational CASE STUDY: When assessing moral development, Joseph knows which principle is most important? Recognizing one's own moral development is essential

CASE STUDY: Joseph begins to assess Sadie. While talking with the child, Joseph notes that Sadie is very eager to please him and follow all the rules. Sadie asks Joseph, "Am I a good patient?" Joseph confirms that Sadie has PRECONVENTIONAL/CONVENTIONAL/ POSTCONVENTIONAL moral reasoning. Conventional CASE STUDY: Sadie's thinking represents the GOOD BOY-NICE GIRL/SOCIETY MAINTAINING orientation stage of conventional moral reasoning. Good boy-Nice girl CASE STUDY: Generating Solutions: Applying the Theory of Moral Development Mark shares with Joseph that he has many friends who drink alcohol excessively. Mark explains that they do not drink alcohol because it is bad for their bodies. The last time Mark disobeyed the caregiver, they were grounded for one month. Mark does not like to be grounded, so does not drink alcohol. Joseph determines that Mark has PRECONVENTIONAL/CONVENTIONAL/POST CONVENTIONAL moral reasoning. Preconventional CASE STUDY: Mark's thinking represents the _________________ orientation stage of preconventional moral reasoning. Punishment and obedience CASE STUDY: Steve explains to Joseph that their partner was recently killed in an automobile accident. The driver of the car that hit the partner was drunk but was not sent to jail. Steve has accepted the outcome but thinks that the laws need to be stricter for drunk drivers. Joseph determines that Steve is displaying postconventional moral reasoning. Which stage of postconventional reasoning is Steve's thinking? Social contract orientation when does preconventional morality occur? limited cognitive development and the individual's thinking is primarily egocentric. At this level of moral development, behavior is guided by punishment or reward. When does conventional morality occur? internalization of societal and others' expectations. The individual wants others to approve of their behavior. When does post conventional morality occur? an individual finds a balance between basic human rights and an obligation to societal rules. Moral decisions are not based on authority or conformity, but on what an ideal society would look like. Moral principles and ideals are predominant.

Infant weight change from birth: 6 months Birth weight doubled Infant weight change from birth: 1 year Birth weight tripled The nurse is weighing a 12-month-old infant during a routine examination. The child's birth weight was 6 pounds, 4 ounces. If the infant has followed normal growth patterns, the weight at 12 months should be 12LBS, 8OZS/18LBS,12OZS/20LBS,10OZS/24LBS,16 OZS. 18lbs 12ozs Infant fine motor development 5 months: use entire hand to voluntarily grasp objects 7 months: transfer objects between hands 7-8 months: crude pincer grasp 9-11 months: neat (fine) pincer grasp 1 year: attempts to build a tower with two blocks Infant gross motor development: 5 months Roll-over abdomen to back Infant gross motor development: 6 months Roll-over back to abdomen Infant gross motor development: 4 months Sit up supported Infant gross motor development: 8 months Sit up unsupported Infant gross motor development: 10 months Prone to sitting infant locomotion: 6-7 months Crawl (tummy on the floor) infant locomotion: 9 Months Creep (tummy off the floor) infant locomotion: 11 months walk with assistance infant locomotion: 1 year

Walk independently A caregiver has brought a 6 month-old infant to the clinic for a well-child examination. Which statement by the care giver indicates that further education is needed? "I can switch to. Skim milk at 1 year of age." Infant immunizations: Birth Hep B (Bee) Infant immunizations: 2 months Hep B, DTap, RV, Hib, IPV, PCV (Bee Dr.Hip) Infant immunization: 3 months DTap, RV, Hib, IPV, PCV (Dr.Hip) Infant Immunizations: 6 months Hep B, DTap, RV, Hib, IPV, PCV, Infulenza, COVID-19 (Bee, Dr.Hip, In, 19) Infant Immunizations: 12-18months MMR, Hep A, DTap, Hib, PVC, Varicella (MAD, HPV) Immunizations: 4-6 years Varicella, DTaP, IPV, MMR (Very DIM) A caregiver presents to the clinic with a 2-month-old infant for immunizations. Which immunizations should the infant receive? Select all that apply. Hepatitis B Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) Rotavirus (RV) Hemophilus influenza B (Hib) Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) Inactivated polio (IPV) What is SAFE PAD? Acronym to remember for common infant injuries nad safety precautions. SAFE PAD: S Suffocation and Sleep Position SAFE PAD: A Asphyxia, Aspiration, and Accidents SAFE PAD: F

Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) - not needed Hepatitis B - needed Rotavirus (RV) - needed Inactivated polio (IPV) - needed Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTap) - needed Varicella - not needed Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) -needed Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) - needed CASE STUDY: Sabrina discusses locomotion development in the first year of life. Which statements are accurate? Most infants walk independently by 12 months of age CASE STUDY: Which statement by a caregiver indicates a need for additional teaching? "My 9-month-old infant is over 25 pounds, so I will turn the car seat forward facing." The healthcare professional is providing education to the caregivers of a young infant. Which statement made by the caregivers would indicate teaching was effective? "I am so glad my partner quit smoking" A caregiver is concerned that the 8-month-old infant is not getting enough nutrients and variety in the diet. Click to specify which recommendations from the healthcare provider are correct and which are incorrect. Continue breastfeeding until 12 months of age. - correct Begin feeding a variety of table foods to increase nutrients. -correct Proteins and meats should be avoided in infancy. - incorrect Serve fruit juice regularly, at least 20 ounces daily. - incorrect Switch to cow's milk to increase calcium intake. - incorrect What is the toddler age range? 12-36 months Toddlerhood lasts from ___________ to ___________ years. Growth ____________ and is step-like, not linear. 1, 3, slows The toddler needs to maintain sameness and reliability to feel safe with exploration and environment. What term describes sameness? Ritualism A toddler's car seat should be _____________ facing until age ____________ years. Rear, 2 toddler development: Height Increases by 3 inches per year toddler development: approx adult height Twice the height at 2 years toddler development:

head circumference Equal to chest circumference by 1-2 years toddler development: weight Birth weight should quadruple by age 2.5 years of age The nurse is weighing a 2.5-year-old toddler during a routine examination. The child's birth weight was 8 pounds, 2 ounces. If the toddler has followed normal growth patterns, what should the weight be? 32lbs 8 ozs Toddler Fine motor development: 12 months Grasp very small objects by 12 months but has difficulty releasing them voluntarily Toddler Fine motor development: 18 months Throw a ball overhand without losing balance Build a tower with 3-4 blocks Use a spoon while rotating it Toddler Fine motor development: 2 years Build a tower with 6 or more blocks toddler fine motor development: 2.5 years Draw circles Toddler gross motor skills: 12-13 months Walk independently with a wide stance Toddler gross Motor skills: 18 months Attempt to run but full easily Toddler gross Motor skills: 2 years Walk up and down stairs using both feet on each step Toddler gross motor skills: 2.5 years Jump using both feet stand on one door for a few seconds, and take a few steps on tiptoe Toddler gross motor skills: 3 years Walk up the stairs with alternating footing and down using both feet Stand on one foot and walk on tiptoe Ride a tricycle Toddler Language development Speak 300 words by 2 years and 65% is understandable.