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NR 228 Nutrition Exam 2 TEST 91quiz 2025 Questions With Full Answers.
Typology: Exams
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Pregnancy weight gain for normal weight
25 - 35 lbs
*due to breast feeding and amniotic fluid
Dietary Guidelines for pregnant women
Vitamins that should not increase during pregnancy are
Preeclampsia nutrition related concerns
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Recommended foods to prevent GDM include carbohydrates, iron, calcium, protein, and fat sources. (simple carbs, fruits and veggies)
Maternal PKU
Lack of proper dietary therapy during pregnancy. Findings in infant: microcephaly, mental retardation, growth retardation, congenital heart defects.
Lactation
750 - 1000mL of breast milk daily
*avoid foods such as garlic, citrus (lemon/limes), broccoli, spices, and cauliflower because it may alter taste of breast milk
Infancy birth weight and breast feeding
Infant Dietary Guidelines
Preschoolers: 4-6 years old diet
School age children: 7-12 years old diet
Adolescence: 13-19 years old diet
Adulthood diet
Older adult diet concerns
Nutritional Guidelines for balanced diet (eldery)
Elderly Population prevention
Primary nutritional deficiency
inadequate intake of nutrients
2% in 1 week = severe wt loss
5 in 1 month = severe wt loss
Normal BMI
18.5-24.
Overweight BMI
25 - 29.
Obese BMI
30 - 39.
Severely Obese BMI
35 - 39.
Morbidly Obese BMI
greater than 40
Males that are high risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes have a waist circumference of
greater than 102 cm
Females that are high risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes have a waist circumference of
greater than 88 cm
Clinical values that measure adequate nutrition intake are
Albumin Levels
3.5-5 g/dL
monitors long term protein consumption
Prealbumin Levels
16 - 40 mg/dL
Consuming foods high in protein, amino acids, and vitamin B6 can cause effect on
Levodopa (Parkinson's Disease Med)
Tyramine rich foods interact with
MAOI's: hypertensive crisis
clear liquid diet
provides rest for GI, see through liquids
full liquid diet
careful planning provides adequate nutrition
Blenderized (pureed) diet
blending food into liquid form for patients who cannot chew. Good for patients with fractured/wired jaws
mechanical soft diet
is recommended for people with difficulty in chewing or swallowing.
soft diet
low in fiber (easy to chew & digest), used for GI tract getting back to normal because unable to digest. no raw vegetables, no beef
diet as tolerated
Ordered when the client's appetite, ability to eat, and tolerance for certain foods may change
Nursing Measurements to take before determining correct diet plan are:
EN administration methods
gastric residual volume
the volume of formula and GI secretions remaining in the stomach after a previous feeding
Phenytoin and Theophylline
medication interactions with tube feedings. May decrease or increase effects.
*stop feeding 2 hours before administration and for 2 hours after medication is recieved
Most common complication of EN is
diarrhea
Prevention of food poisoning for EN patients
Transition to tube feeding to regular feeding
Weaning occurs as oral intake increases:
Discontinue tube feeding:
Home Enteral Nutrition
Parenteral Nutrition (PN)
method of supplying nutrients to the body by an intravenous route.
Central PN (TPN)
TPN care/nursing management
Complications of TPN are
hyperglycemia
hypoglycemia
septicemia
fluid overload
clogged tubing
infection r/t catheter
Q6 accu checks
home parenteral nutrition
cyclic infusion
Transition: oral/tube feeding
signs and symptoms of dysphagia
choking, drooling, decrease food intake, coughing, watery eyes, clearly throat, excessive tongue movement
nutrition therapy to decrease aspiration
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
common in elderly
causes: stress, alcohol, family hx, excessive use of meds
Nutrition Therapy for PUD
avoid foods: coffee, soda, spicy food, high sugar foods, fried foods
consume: raw honey. avocados, spinach, kale, cabbage, celery, and Brussel sprouts
Dumping syndrome
common in gastric bypass patients
cause: consuming contents too fast
Dumping syndrome S/S
Fullness, faintness, diaphoresis, tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension, nausea, abdominal distinction, cramping, diarrhea, weakness, and syncope.
**Concern = hypoglycemia
Nutrition therapy for dumping syndrome is
intake more complex carbs(peas, beans, whole grains, vegetables) and avoid simple carbs
celiac disease symptoms
gas
diarrhea
stomach pain
fatigue
joint pain
weight loss
itchy skin
celiac disease diet
Consume:
fruits
vegetables
eggs
quinoa
rice