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Symptoms of Lower UTI (3) correct answers >> burning on urination dysuria suprapubic pain Symptoms of Upper UTI (6) correct answers >> pyleonephritis fever flank pain CVA tenderness N/V malaise Is acute renal failure reversible? correct answers >> yes How do you determine the prognosis of acute renal failure? correct answers >> If we give a diuretic and we get output, this means we have functioning kidneys
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Symptoms of Lower UTI (3) correct answers >> burning on urination dysuria suprapubic pain Symptoms of Upper UTI (6) correct answers >> pyleonephritis fever flank pain CVA tenderness N/V malaise Is acute renal failure reversible? correct answers >> yes
How do you determine the prognosis of acute renal failure? correct answers >> If we give a diuretic and we get output, this means we have functioning kidneys Examples of Pre-renal failure with diagnostic examples(2) correct answers >> Dehydration (diabetics) and inability to perfuse (heart failure) Examples of intrarenal failure (4) correct answers >> Contrast dye, glomerulonephritis, ischemia, diabetes Examples of post-renal failure (3) correct answers >> renal stones, tumors, swollen prostate Key diagnostic test result for acute pyelonephritis correct answers >> WBC casts What type of renal failure are renal calculi? correct answers
Post renal Gold standard of diagnosing renal calculi? correct answers CT scan
Stage 4 of CKD correct answers >> Severe decrease in GFR 15- Stage 5 of CKD correct answers >> Kidney failure GFR <15 or dialysis Warning signs of GERD (5) correct answers >> heartburn while eating & worse when laying down, dysphagia, sensation of lump in your throat, abdominal/chest pain, regurgitation GERD symptoms over the age of 50 (6) correct answers >> dysphagia, odynophagia, N/V, weight loss, melena, early satiety Symptoms of hiatal hernia correct answers >> Typically asymptomatic Treatment of sliding hiatal hernia (4) correct answers >> Small, frequent meals, avoid lying flat after eating, avoid tight clothes, weight control
Key symptom of duodenal ulcers correct answers >> chronic, intermittent pain in the epigastric region When do patients with duodenal ulcers typically have the most pain (2) correct answers >> 30min-2hrs after eating or in the middle of the night (d/t stomach being empty) Where do we typically see peptic ulcer disease? (3) correct answers >> lower esophagus, stomach and duodenum What is the first line medication for treatment of major depression correct answers >> SSRI's What factors affect antidepressant prescription? (5) correct answers >> symptoms, age, side effects, safety and cost What is social anxiety disorder? correct answers >> Fear and avoidance of social situations Positive schizophrenia symptoms (3) correct answers >> hallucinations, thought disorder and bizarre behaviors
Hypothalamic-pituitary axis correct answers >> mediates the effects of stressors by regulating numerous physiological processes, such as metabolism, immune responses, and the autonomic nervous system What is another name for hyperthyroidism? correct answers >> Graves disease What are the 2 categories of ophthalmopathy in Graves disease correct answers >> Functional abnormaities and infiltrative changes What is a functional abnormalities of ophthalmopathy in graves disease? (with example) correct answers >> Hyperactivity of the sympathetic division of the ANS (lag of eye on upward gaze or lag of upper lid on downward gaze) What is an infiltrative change of ophthalmopathy in graves disease (with example) correct answers >> Enlargement of the ocular muscles (exophthalmos)
Distinguishing factors of graves diesease correct answers
pretibial myxedema and exophthalmos
lower esophagus, stomach and duodenum What is the first line medication for treatment of major depression correct answers >> SSRI's What factors affect antidepressant prescription? (5) correct answers >> symptoms, age, side effects, safety and cost What is social anxiety disorder? correct answers >> Fear and avoidance of social situations Positive schizophrenia symptoms (3) correct answers >> hallucinations, thought disorder and bizarre behaviors Hypothalamic-pituitary axis correct answers >> mediates the effects of stressors by regulating numerous physiological processes, such as metabolism, immune responses, and the autonomic nervous system What is another name for hyperthyroidism? correct answers >> Graves disease What are the 2 categories of ophthalmopathy in Graves disease correct answers >> Functional abnormaities and infiltrative changes What is a functional abnormalities of ophthalmopathy in graves disease? (with example) correct answers >> Hyperactivity of the sympathetic division of the ANS (lag of eye on upward gaze or lag of upper lid on downward gaze) What is an infiltrative change of ophthalmopathy in graves disease (with example) correct answers >> Enlargement of the ocular muscles (exophthalmos) Distinguishing factors of graves diesease correct answers >> pretibial myxedema and exophthalmos Treatment for Graves disease (3) correct answers >> Anti- thyroid med (methimazole), radioactive iodine therapy or surgery Environmental factors associated with type 1 diabetes (4) correct answers >> viral infections (enterovirus), h. pylori, cow's milk proteins and lack of vitamin D Diagnostic criteria of type 1 diabetes correct answers >> Hemoglobin A1C greater then 6.5% Action of insulin correct answers >> promote glucose uptake in the liver, muscles and adipose tissues What part of the body do we typically see symptoms from autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes? correct answers GI: decreased esophageal motility, gastroporesis and delayed gastric emptying
Symptoms of hypocalcemia (8) correct answers >> dry skin, loss of body and scalp hair, hypoplasia of teeth, ridges on nails, cataracts, basal ganglia calcifications, bone deformities and bowing of long bones Another term for hypercortisolism correct answers >> cushings syndrome Main characteristics of cushings syndrome correct answers
buffalo hump, moon face and truncal obesity What is the biggest signal of adrenal crisis? correct answers Hypotension What can cause adrenal crisis? correct answers >> Enlargement of the ocular muscles (exophthalmos) Distinguishing factors of graves diesease correct answers >> pretibial myxedema and exophthalmos Treatment for Graves disease (3) correct answers >> Anti- thyroid med (methimazole), radioactive iodine therapy or surgery Environmental factors associated with type 1 diabetes (4) correct answers >> viral infections (enterovirus), h. pylori, cow's milk proteins and lack of vitamin D Diagnostic criteria of type 1 diabetes correct answers >> Hemoglobin A1C greater then 6.5% Action of insulin correct answers >> promote glucose uptake in the liver, muscles and adipose tissues What part of the body do we typically see symptoms from autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes? correct answers >> GI: decreased esophageal motility, gastroporesis and delayed gastric emptying Symptoms of hypocalcemia (8) correct answers >> dry skin, loss of body and scalp hair, hypoplasia of teeth, ridges on nails, cataracts, basal ganglia calcifications, bone deformities and bowing of long bones Another term for hypercortisolism correct answers >> cushings syndrome Main characteristics of cushings syndrome correct answers >> buffalo hump, moon face and truncal obesity What is the biggest signal of adrenal crisis? correct answers >> Hypotension What can cause adrenal crisis? correct answers >> Improper weaning off glucocorticoid meds key symptoms associated with parkinson's disease (5) correct answers >> shuffling gait, dysphagia, resting tremor, postural disturbance and dysarthia
Risk factors for MS (3) correct answers >> smoking, vit D deficiency and epstein-barr virus what kind of disease is MS correct answers >> demyelinating characteristics of cluster headache correct answers >> unilateral trigeminal distribution of severe pain with ipsilateral manefistations symptoms of cluster headache (3) correct answers >> tearing on affected side, ptosis of ipsilateral eye and congestion of nasal mucosa Where does pain refer to in cluster headaches (2) correct answers >> midface and teeth characteristics of a migraine correct answers >> unilateral, throbbing pain that worsens with activity Symptoms of migraine headache (3) correct answers >> N/V, photophobia and phonophobia
symptoms of bacterial meningitis or meningial irritation correct answers >> severe throbbing headache, severe photophobia, nuchual rigidity and positive kernig/brudinski Result of infarct in the ACA correct answers >> motor contralateral paralysis or paresis that is greater in the foot and thigh result of basal artery infarct correct answers >> loss of vibratory sense, sense of position with dysmetria, loss of two- point discrimination, impaired rapid alternating movement causes of rosacea (5) correct answers >> chronic sun exposure/damage, alcohol/hot beverage consumption, hormones, mites (demodex folliculorum) and mental stress/anxiety Most aggressive skin cancer correct answers >> melanoma typical presentation of plaque psoriasis correct answers >> well-demarcated, thick, silvery, scaly, erythamatous plaque surrounded by normal skin
