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NR 545 / NR545 EXAM 1 ACTUAL STUDY GUIDE (FULLY COVERED LATEST AND COMPLETE UPDATE), Exams of Nursing

Princeton University Nursing

NR 545 / NR545 EXAM 1 ACTUAL STUDY GUIDE (FULLY COVERED LATEST AND COMPLETE UPDATE) WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/03/2025

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1 |! | |! P |! a | ! g | ! e

NR |! 545 |! EXAM |! 1 |! STUDY |! GUIDE|| |! ACTUAL |! STUDY |!

A+|| |! LATEST |! AND |! COMPLETE |! UPDATE |! WITH |!

VERIFIED |! SOLUTIONS|| |! ASSURED |! PASS!!!

The |! exam |! is |! 50 |! questions |! and |! worth |! 100 |! points. |! You |! are |! allowed |! 75 |! minutes |! to |!

complete |! the |! exam. |! Be |! sure |! to |! start |! the |! exam |! early |! enough |! to |! allow |! for |! completion |!

prior |! to |! Sunday |! at |! 11:59 |! pm |! when |! the |! exam |! will |! close |! and |! lock. |! You |! will |! not |! be |!

Exam |! tips:

lectures |! and |! interactive |! learning |! activities

- |! The |! course |! is |! a |! review. |! It |! is |! an |! expectation |! that |! you |! fully |! understand |! the |! physical |!

assessment |! findings |! (normal |! and |! abnormal) |! for |! all |! content. |! You |! may |! be |! tested |! on |!

Week |! 1 |! EENT:

The |! ear

• Parts |! of |! the |! ear

o 3 |! sections

▪ External |! ear |! consists |! of

• Pinna: |! visible |! flap |! on |! the |! side |! of |! the |! head

• External |! auditory- |! aka |! canal

Partial preview of the text

Download NR 545 / NR545 EXAM 1 ACTUAL STUDY GUIDE (FULLY COVERED LATEST AND COMPLETE UPDATE) and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NR |! 545 |! EXAM |! 1 |! STUDY |! GUIDE|| |! ACTUAL |! STUDY |!

GUIDE |! FULLY |! COVERED |! ALREADY |! GRADED |!

A+|| |! LATEST |! AND |! COMPLETE |! UPDATE |! WITH|!

VERIFIED|! SOLUTIONS|||! ASSURED|! PASS!!!

The |! exam |! is |! 50 |! questions |! and |! worth |! 100 |! points. |! You |! are |! allowed |! 75 |! minutes |! to |! complete |! the |! exam. |! Be |! sure |! to |! start |! the |! exam |! early |! enough |! to |! allow |! for |! completion |! prior |! to |! Sunday |! at |! 11:59 |! pm |! when |! the |! exam |! will |! close |! and |! lock. |! You |! will |! not |! be |! allowed |! to |! continue |! taking |! the |! exam |! after |! Sunday@11:59 |! pm |! MT. Exam |! tips: -Exam |! questions |! can |! be |! drawn |! from |! readings, |! discussion |! content |! and |! also |! course |! lectures |! and |! interactive |! learning |! activities

|! The |! course |! is |! a |! review. |! It |! is |! an |! expectation |! that |! you |! fully |! understand |! the |! physical |! assessment |! findings |! (normal |! and |! abnormal) |! for |! all |! content. |! You |! may |! be |! tested |! on |! normal |! findings |! for |! each |! body |! system. Week |! 1 |! EENT: Review |! the |! complete |! EENT |! exam |! in |! your |! physical |! assessment |! text |! if |! you |! need |! to |! review |! this |! information |! Questions |! can |! include |! pathophysiology, |! health |! assessment |! (normal |! and |! abnormal), |! and |! pharmacologic |! treatment |! Review |! required |! readings, |! course |! lectures, |! case |! study |! and |! learning |! activity. EENT |! diagnoses- |! know |! bacterial, |! viral |! and |! allergic |! presentations |! for |! each |! Ear: |! anatomy, |! function |! of |! structures, |! hearing |! loss- |! types |! of |! loss The |! ear
Parts |! of |! the |! ear o 3 |! sections ▪ External |! ear |! consists |! of
Pinna: |! visible |! flap |! on |! the |! side |! of |! the |! head
External |! auditory- |! aka |! canal

Tympanic |! cavity: |! hollow |! area |! in |! the |! bone |! that |! contains |! 3 |! tiny |! bones |! (malleus, |! incus |! and |! stapes) |! making |! up |! ossicles
Opens |! into |! the |! auditory |! (eustachian |! tube) |! which |! connects |! to |! nasopharynx ▪ Inner |! ear- |! aka |! labyrinth
Consists |! of |! cochlea |! and |! semicircular
Hearing |! loss
2 |! types: |! conduction |! deafness |! and |! sensorineural |! deafness o Conduction |! deafness: |! sound |! is |! blocked |! in |! the |! external |! ear |! or |! middle |! ear ▪ Examples:
Accumulation |! of |! wax |! or |! foreign |! object |! in |! canal |! blocking |! sound |! waves
Scar |! tissue |! or |! adhesions o Sensorineural: |! develops |! w/ |! damage |! to |! organ |! of |! corti |! or |! auditory |! nerve ▪ Can |! result |! from:
infection |! (rubella, |! influenza |! and |! herpes)
head |! trauma
neurologic |! disorders |! affecting |! the |! auditory |! nerve |! or |! temporal |! lobe
ototoxic |! drugs |! can |! cause |! temporary |! or |! permanent |! hearing |! loss o antibxs: |! streptomycin, |! neomycin, |! vancomycin o analgesics: |! aspirin |! ibuprofen o diuretic: |! furosemide(Lasix) o some |! antineoplastic
tinnitus- |! early |! sign |! of |! toxicity
tx

Nystagmus- |! involuntary |! abnormal |! mvt |! of |! one |! or |! both |! eyes o Back |! and |! forth |! rhythmic |! motion, |! jerky |! mvt |! or |! circular |! motion o May|! result |! from |! neurologic |! causes, |! inner |! ear |! or |! cerebellar |! disturbances |! or |! drug |! toxicity
Diplopia- |! double |! vision; |! paralysis |! of |! upper |! eyelid |! (ptosis) o Can |! be |! caused |! by |! trauma |! to |! cranial |! nerves |! resulting |! in |! paralysis |! of |! extraocular |! muscles Pharyngitis- |! pathophysiology |! (includes |! responsible |! organism), |! subjective |! complaints, |! PE |! findings, |! laboratory |! findings, |! first |! line |! treatment |! , |! complications, |! timeframe |! of |! complications, |! length |! of |! contagion Pharyngitis- |! inflammation |! process |! involving |! pharynx |! (pharyngitis) |! and |! pharyngeal |! tonsils |! (tonsillitis)
Aka |! strep |! throat
May |! occur |! independently |! or |! both |! at |! same |! time
Allergic |! pharyngitis o IgE |! mediated |! diseases |! in |! response |! to |! triggers o Common |! triggers ▪ Grass ▪ Pollen ▪ Mold o Persistent |! triggers

Viral ▪ Sore |! throat: |! throat |! lozenges, |! acetaminophen |! or |! ibuprofen |! PRN ▪ OTC |! antihistamines: |! diphenhydramine, |! loratadine, |! cetirizine, |! fexofenadine o Common |! agents: |! human |! rhinovirus |! and |! adenovirus o Common |! complaints( |! subjective) ▪ Conjunctivitis ▪ Cough, |! hoarseness ▪ Rhinorrhea

Sore |! throat: |! throat |! lozenges, |! acetaminophen |! or |! ibuprofen |! PRN
OTC |! antihistamines: |! diphenhydramine, |! loratadine, |! cetirizine, |! fexofenadine
Antibiotics: |! PCN |! V
PCN |! allergy: |! cephalexin Conjunctivitis- |! pathophysiology |! (includes |! responsible |! organism), |! subjective |! complaints, |! PE |! findings, |! laboratory |! findings, |! first |! line |! treatment, |! length |! of |! contagion Conjunctivitis- |! aka |! pink |! eye
Superficial |! inflammation |! or |! infection |! involving |! the |! conjunctive |! lining |! the |! eyelids |! and |! covering |! the |! sclera
Highly |! contagious |! and |! occurs |! most |! frequent |! in |! children
Spread |! by |! the |! fingers |! or |! contaminated |! towels
Contact |! lenses |! are |! a |! frequent |! source |! of |! eye |! infection
Causes: |! allergies, |! viruses, |! bacteria
Allergic |! conjunctivitis

Viral |! conjunctivitis o Most |! commonly |! caused |! by |! adenovirus o Resolves |! in |! 2-3 |! wks o Common |! complaints |! (subjective |! findings |! )- |! vision |! WNL ▪ Unilateral/bilateral |! red |! eyes, |! reports |! of |! current |! or |! recent |! viral |! infections |! (ex |! UTI) o Physical |! exam |! (objective |! findings) ▪ Unilateral/bilateral |! injected |! conjunctiva |! eye |! redness), |! watery |! discharge o Tx: |! no |! antibacterial |! therapy |! needed

Common |! complaints |! (subjective |! findings) o Children ▪ Irritability, |! crying, |! disrupted |! sleep ▪ Unilateral |! ear |! tugging ▪ Unilateral |! otalgia |! (ear |! pain) o Adults ▪ Unilateral |! otalgia |! (ear |! pain)
Physical |! exam |! (objective |! findings) o Increased |! ear |! pain |! upon |! palpation |! of |! tragus o External |! ear |! canal |! epithelium |! edema |! can |! extend |! from |! pinna |! to |! tympanic |! membrane o Purulent/serous |! discharge |! in |! canal
Tx: |! pain |! mgt o OTC |! analgesics |! (ibuprofen |! or |! acetaminophen) o Bacterial |! otitis |! externa ▪ Antimicrobial |! otic |! drops
Polymyxin |! B |! plus |! neomycin |! w/ |! or |! w/o |! hydrocortisone
Ofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin |! HC o Severe |! inflammation: |! insertion |! of |! ear |! wick |! to |! ensure |! medication |! instillation |! of |! affected |! areas
Risk |! factors o Swimming o Impacted |! cerumen

eustachian |! tube |! dysfunction |! results |! in |! negative |! pressure |! in |! middle |! ear |! which |! enables |! pharyngeal |! pathogens |! to |! be |! aspirated |! into |! the |! middle |! ear
exudate |! builds |! up |! in |! cavity |! causing |! pressure |! on |! tympanic |! membrane
more |! prevalent |! infants |! and |! young |! children |! – |! d/t |! shorts |! and |! wider |! auditory |! canal
occurs |! more |! frequently |! in |! winter |! months |! d/t |! increase |! upper |! resp |! infection o pathogens |! can |! be |! viral, |! bacterial |! or |! allergy |! mediated ▪ viral
most |! common |! otitis; |! often |! occurs |! in |! association |! with |! an |! upper |! resp |! tract |! infection
most |! common |! organisms: |! respiratory |! syntactical |! virus, |! human |! rhinovirus, |! adenovirus, |! influenza |! virus
tx: |! resolve |! in |! 7-10 |! days o may |! take |! PRN |! OTC |! analgesic |! and |! antipyretics ▪ bacterial
colonization- |! most |! often |! the |! result |! of |! fluid |! stasis |! from |! a |! resp |! virus

with |! bilateral |! acute |! otitis |! media |! or |! bulging |! tympanic |! membranes
4+ |! symptoms
person |! with |! otorrhea ▪ first |! line |! tx |! w/o |! PCN |! allergy
children: |! amoxicillin |! or |! amoxicillin-clavulanate
adults: |! amoxicillin |! or |! amoxicillin-clavulanate o PCN |! allergy: |! cephalosporins Sinusitis |! and |! rhinitis: |! pathophysiology |! (includes |! responsible |! organism), |! subjective |! complaints, |! PE |! findings, |! laboratory |! findings, |! first |! line |! treatment Rhinitis- |! inflammation |! of |! nasal |! mucosa
Accompanied |! by |! edema |! and |! profuse |! nasal |! discharge
Allergic |! or |! viral: |! watery |! nasal |! discharge, |! speech |! will |! sound |! nasal |! and |! noted |! mouth |! breathing |! d/t |! nasal |! edema
Bacterial: |! commonly |! referred |! to |! rhinosinusitis
Allergic |! rhinitis |! – |! aka |! hayfever o Common |! triggers: ▪ Grass ▪ Pollen ▪ Mold o Persistent |! triggers:

Diphenhydramine
Loratadine
Cetirizine
Fexofenadine ▪ Anticholinergic |! nasal |! spray: |! ipratropium |! bromide ▪ Nasal |! saline |! flush |! post |! exposure ▪ Allergic |! exposure |! avoidance
Viral |! rhinitis |! – |! aka |! common |! cold o Most |! commonly |! caused |! by |! rhinovirus ▪ But |! also: |! adenovirus, |! parainfluenza |! virus |! or |! coronavirus o Spread |! through |! resp |! droplets o Common |! complaints |! (subjective) ▪ Headache ▪ Nasal |! congestion |! with |! copious |! watery |! drainage

Common |! causes: |! tobacco |! smoke |! allergies |! and |! anatomy |! of |! sinuses
Common |! organisms: |! pneumococci, |! streptococci, |! or |! haemophilus |! influenzae
Viral o 98% |! of |! cases o Caused |! by |! common |! cold o Common |! agents: |! human |! rhinovirus |! and |! adenovirus
Acute |! bacterial |! rhinosinusitis: |! occurs |! w/ |! upper |! resp |! infections |! persisting |! > |! days
Common |! complaints |! (subjective) o Gradual |! onset |! recurrent |! or |! chronic |! dull, |! constant |! pain |! over |! affected |! sinuses o Retro-orbital |! pain |! or |! tooth |! pain o Pain |! described |! as |! throbbing |! and |! worsens |! with |! cough |! or |! sudden |! head |! mvts |! (especially |! bending |! forward) o Nasal|! congestion, |! mucopurulent |! rhinorrhea, |! cough, |! pharyngitis |! (inflammation |! of |! back |! pf |! throat) |! and |! fatigue o Cough |! can |! be |! d/t |! pharyngeal |! drainage
Physical |! exam |! (objective) o Tenderness |! over |! affected |! sinus o Highly |! erythematous |! nasal |! mucosa o Purulent |! nasal |! secretions o Viral: ▪ Afebrile ▪ Length |! of |! symptoms= |! <7 |! days |! with |! persistent |! or |! improving o Bacterial ▪ Symptoms |! are |! severe
Fever |! >102F

10 |! days |! with |! worsening |! symptoms
Dx
Tx: o Confirm |! with |! x-ray |! or |! transillumination o Viral ▪ OTC |! symptom |! relief
Fever |! and |! headache: |! acetaminophen |! or |! ibuprofen
Rhinorrhea: |! 2-4 |! days |! nasal |! decongestant o Bacterial ▪ Treated |! for |! 10-14 |! days ▪ First |! line: |! amoxicillin-clavulanate ▪ Second |! line |! or |! PCN |! allergy: |! doxycycline *decongestants |! and |! analgesics |! recommended |! till |! sinuses |! drain |! well |! along |! with |! antibx |! to |! eradicate |! infection Week |! 2: |! Musculoskeletal |! and |! Endocrine Review |! the |! complete |! musculoskeletal |! and |! endocrine |! system |! exams |! in |! your |! physical |! assessment |! text |! if |! you |! need |! to |! review |! this |! information. Questions |! can |! include |! pathophysiology, |! health |! assessment |! (normal |! and |! abnormal), |! and |! pharmacologic |! treatment |! Review |! required |! readings, |! course |! lectures, |! case |! study |! and |! learning |! activities. Review |! joint |! motion |! terminology |! Joints

Articular |! cartilage o Composed |! of |! synovial |! membrane |! and |! outer |! covering |! (fibrous |! capsule) ▪ Tough |! protective |! material |! extending |! into |! periosteum |! of |! articulating |! bones |! (sharpey |! fibers) o Reinforced |! by |! ligaments
Diagnostic |! test o X-ray |! and |! bone |! scans |! can |! be |! used |! for: ▪ Trauma ▪ Tumors ▪ Metabolic |! dz |! that |! is |! suspected ▪ Bone |! abnormalities o Electromyograms |! (EMGs) ▪ Measure |! electrical |! charge |! associated |! w/ |! muscle |! contraction ▪ Help |! differentiate |! muscle |! disorders |! from |! neurologic |! dz o Arthroscopy- |! insertion |! of |! lens |! directly |! into |! joint o MRI o Synovial |! fluid |! aspiration ▪ To |! analyze |! inflammation, |! bleeding |! or |! infection |! are |! present o Calcium, |! Ph, |! parathyroid |! hormone |! – |! can |! indicate |! metabolic |! changes |! ; |! perhaps |! secondary |! to |! renal |! disease |! or parathyroid |! hormone |! imbalance o Creatine |! kinase |! (CK)- |! elevated |! in |! persons |! w/ |! muscle |! dz

autoimmune |! disorder |! causing |! chronic |! systemic |! inflammatory |! dz
higher |! in |! women |! ; |! increases |! in |! older |! ppl
Patho o commences |! insidiously |! w/ |! systemic |! involvement |! of |! small |! joints |! (fingers) |! followed |! by |! inflammation |! and |! destruction of |! additional |! joints |! (wrists, |! elbows, |! knees) o 1st |! step |! in |! development ▪ Abnormal |! immune |! response |! causing |! inflammation |! of |! synovial |! membrane ▪ Increased |! permeability ▪ Formation |! of |! exudate o Red, |! swollen |! and |! painful |! joints o Rheumatoid |! factor(RF) |! is |! present |! in |! synovial |! fluid
Exacerbation |! process: o Synovitis- |! inflammation |! recurs, |! synovial |! cells |! proliferate o Pannus |! formation- |! granulation |! tissue |! from |! the |! synovium |! spreads |! over |! the |! articular |! cartilage ▪ Pannus |! releases |! enzymes |! and |! inflammatory |! mediators |! destroying |! cartilage ▪ Cartilage |! erosion- |! eroded |! by |! enzymes |! from |! the |! pannus; |! creates |! an |! unstable |! joint ▪ Fibrosis- |! pannus |! between |! the |! bone |! ends |! become |! fibrotic, |! causing |! limiting |! mvt

NR 545 / NR545 EXAM 1 ACTUAL STUDY GUIDE (FULLY COVERED LATEST AND COMPLETE UPDATE), Exams of Nursing

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Partial preview of the text

Download NR 545 / NR545 EXAM 1 ACTUAL STUDY GUIDE (FULLY COVERED LATEST AND COMPLETE UPDATE) and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NR |! 545 |! EXAM |! 1 |! STUDY |! GUIDE|| |! ACTUAL |! STUDY |!

GUIDE |! FULLY |! COVERED |! ALREADY |! GRADED |!

A+|| |! LATEST |! AND |! COMPLETE |! UPDATE |! WITH|!

VERIFIED|! SOLUTIONS|||! ASSURED|! PASS!!!