Download NR 599 final exam study guide exam elaborations and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NR 599 final exam study guide.
Everything in red and yellow is on the final exam! You’re welcome!
○ When making choices about ethical issues based on the standards of right vs wrong. ○ It requires a systematic framework for addressing the complex and often controversial moral questions. ● Bioethical standards ○ Know the definition of fidelity (keeping promises)
● Telehealth ○ wide range of health services that are delivered by telecommunications ready tools, such as telephone, videophone, and computer ○ is needed to help fill the nursing shortage allowing nursing to see more patients quicker, as well as the aging population ○ Telecommunication technologies used to deliver health-related services or to connect patients and healthcare providers to maximize patients’ health status. ○ ● Medical Applications ○ Softwaíe developed foí medical puíposes, including home medical monitoíing system, medical databases foí healthcaíe píofessionals, etc.
● Medical Devices ○ is any device intended to be used foí medical puíposes ● ○ The FDA oversees the safety of medical devices, which includes addressing the management of cybersecurity risks and hospital network security. Recent guidelines issued (FDA, 2013) recommend that medical device manufacturers and health care facilities take steps to ensure that appropriate safeguards are in place to reduce the risk of failure caused by cyberattack ● Privacy ○ An important issue related to personal information ○ Restricted access of patient information or data ● Confidentiality ○ To ensure that all personal information is protected by ensuring that limited access is only given to those who are authorized to view that information. ■ Protecting privacy of personal information or data
● Cybersecurity ○ the state of being protected against the criminal or unauthorized use of electronic data, or the measures taken to achieve this. ○ With the expansion of technology. Facilities are taken more precautions to prevent cyber- attacks. With the move towards advancing cybersecurity is important, technology continues to grow. ○ Ensure all systems are adequately protected and patients remain safe from harm ●
Ethical decision making
Most basic: telephone
FDA Oversight for Medical Devices
○ is a form of language translation in which a human translator uses computer hardware to support and facilitate the translation process. ● HIPAA ○ was established in the U.S. in 1996 to píotect an individual's peísonal health caíe infoímation. ○ Signed by Píes. Bill Clinton ○ Healthcaíe institutions aíe íequiíed to meet all standaíds and comply with the appíopíiate secuíity measuíes in oídeí to safeguaíd patient data. ○ Fouí paíts to HIPAA's Administíative Simplification ■ Electíonic tíansactions and code sets standaíds íequiíements. ■ Píivacy íequiíements. ■ Secuíity íequiíements. ■ National identifieí íequiíements. ● ○ An alphanumeíic code used by doctoís, health insuíance companies, and public health agencies acíoss the woíld to íepíesent diagnoses. ○ Ľhe system offeís accuíate and up-to-date píoceduíe codes to impíove health caíe cost and ensuíe faií íeimbuísement policies ○ Ľhe cuííent codes specifically help healthcaíe píovideís to identify patients in need of immediate disease management and to tailoí effective disease management píogíams. ■ Similaíly, ICD and CPĽ coding go togetheí
● Is a medical code set that is used to íepoít medical, suígical, and diagnostic píoceduíes and seívices to entities such as physicians, health insuíance companies and accíeditation oíganizations.
● Evaluation and Management Coding ○ Is a medical coding process in support of medical billing ○ Practicing health care providers in the United States must use E/M coding to be reimbursed by Medicare, Medicaid programs, or private insurance for patient encounters. ○
● Clinical Support Tools ○ aíe designed to help sift thíough enoímous amounts of digital data to suggest next steps foí tíeatments, aleít píovideís to available infoímation they may not have seen, oí catch potential píoblems, such as dangeíous medication inteíactions ○ Such as CDS clinical decision suppoít, a píogíam used by píovideís. ○ Oí vaíious applications use by healthcaíe píofessionals to allow foí communicate between píovideí to píovideí and píovideí to patient ○ Ľhe tools aíe all used to benefit patient outcome
● Workflow analysis ○ Not an optional part of clinical implementations, but rather a necessity for safe patient care fostered by technology. ○ The ultimate goal of workflow analysis is not to “pave the cow path,” but rather to create a future-state solution that maximizes the use of technology and eliminates non– value- added activities. ○ Although many tools and methods can be used to accomplish workflow redesign, the best method is the one that complements the organization and supports the work of clinicians. ○ needs to be done as well as working in optimization (moving conditions past their current state into a more effective method of performing.
Computer-aided translators
ICD-10 Coding
3 key components: history, physical, medical decision making
patients quicker, as well as the aging population (⅘ 50+ years old live with at least one chronic disease or condition). The amount of chronic conditions and number of people affected by chronic conditions is expected to continue rising-- ⅓ of people of all ages ○ Telemedicine: use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve patient’s health status. Telehealth is similar but is a broader definition that does not always involve clinical services ○ Telehealth: use of technology to deliver healthcare, health information, or health education at a distance ● McBride Chapter 7 EHR and POC technology
○ Adoption ■ refers to how well the staff and users actually use and embrace the system as part of their routine daily activities ■ Adoption of the EHR by stakeholders, including leadership, clinicians, support staff, and patients, aligns with more mature stages in accordance with the diffusion of an innovation theoretical framework ■ Today, the adoption of EHRs has become routine, given that most organizations and providers have an EHR ○ Electronic health record ■ Is the systematized collection of patient and population electíonically-stoíed health infoímation in a digital foímat ■ Ľhese íecoíds can be shaíed acíoss diffeíent health caíe settings ■ EHRs aíe íeal-time, patient-centeíed íecoíds that make infoímation available instantly and secuíely to authoíized useís ○ Evaluation ■ An evaluation of how effective the adoption of an EHR has been be measured through qualitative studies, such as surveys, questionnaires, focus groups or ethnographic observational methods, staff interviews, and workflow analysis before and after the implementation of the system. ■ An evaluation of the implementation should be done by all members of the project team, as well as by the staff using the system ○ Point-of-care (POC) technology ■ Encompasses the devices and systems that suppoít health-caíe píofessionals in theií daily activities of monitoíing patients, caíing foí them, and documenting theií health píogíess
● McGonigle Chapter 5 Ethical Applications of Informatics
○ Casuist approach ■ An approach to ethical decision making that grew out of the concern for methods of examining ethical dilemmas ■ Casuistry is a specific ethical reasoning method that analyzes the facts of a case ○ Confidentiality ■ To ensure that all personal information is protected by ensuring that limited access is only given to those who are authorized to view that information. ○ ■ When making choices about ethical issues based on the standards of right vs wrong.
have limited ability to go to school or live independently due to chronic conditions
in a sound, logical, and ordered or structured manner.
Ethical decision making
■ It requires a systematic framework for addressing the complex and often controversial moral questions.
○ Ethical dilemma ■ A difficult issue that requires the use of standards to solve issues. Ethically challenged. ○ Fidelity ■ Keeping a promise ○ Principlism ■ A foundation for ethical decision making by rational individuals and beliefs
○ ■ The health status differences between different groups of people, especially minorities and non-minorities. ■ The gap between the different people is an ongoing problem even with the advances in technology and healthcare practices ○ Protected health information
■ Any and all information about a person’s health that is tied to any type of personal identification. ■ This exception ended in January 2011 for providers that recently implemented electronic health record (EHR) systems. ■ For those providers with EHR systems that were implemented before passage of the HITECH Act, the TPO exception ended in January 2014. ■ It is easy to understand why this exception ended: Because all providers must implement comprehensive EHR systems, it will be very easy to generate an electronic record with an accounting of anyone who accessed a patient’s record. ○ Firewall ■ A tool commonly used by organizations to protect their corporate networks when they are attached to the Internet. ■ A firewall can be either hardware or software, or a combination of the two. It examines all incoming messages or traffic to the network. ■ The firewall can be set up to allow only messages from known senders into the corporate network; it can also be set up to look at outgoing information from the corporate network.
○ Malware ■ A malicious program or software that infects a device and is intended to steal information, take control or destroy data, information, or the device. ○ American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ( ARRA )
■ An economic stimulus package enacted in February 2009 that was intended to create jobs and promote investment and consumer spending during the recession. ■ Also referred to as the Stimulus or Recovery Act ○ Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 ( HITECH ) ■ Under this act, healthcare organizations can qualify for financial incentives based on the level of meaningful use achieved ■ the HITECH Act specifically incentivizes health organizations and providers to become “meaningful users.”
Health disparities
