Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources
Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study
Go to the blog

NR565 Midterm Exam Study Guide: Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals, Exams of Nursing

Staffordshire UniversityNursing

Answers and explanations to various pharmacology-related questions that may appear on an advanced pharmacology midterm exam. Topics covered include ace inhibitor contraindications, alternative treatments for statin intolerant patients, beta blocker contraindications, drug interactions and dosing considerations, and more.

Typology: Exams

2022/2023

Available from 04/07/2024

Gradesbooster
Gradesbooster 🇬🇧

3.8

(10)

517 documents

1 / 6

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
NR565 / NR 565 Midterm Exam Study Guide (Latest 2024 / 2025): Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals – Chamberlain
ACE inhibitors contraindications -
ANSWER: African American, 2nd/3rd timester pregnancy, renal disease
ACEI and ARBs can lead to renal failure in who? -
ANSWER: Patients w/ bilateral renal artery stenosis
Alternative treatment strategies for statin intolerant patients -
ANSWER: ezetimibe, fibrates, nicotinic acid, bile acid sequestrates
combo therapy with infrequent statin dosing
dietary changes
switching to a different statin
appropriate intervals for medication adjustments -
ANSWER: 4-6 weeks is ideal before adding another drug to the therapy regimen
Beer's Criteria -
ANSWER: Criteria for "Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults"; identifies drugs with
a high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older adults
pg. 62 in textbook for table
Beta Blockers Contraindications -
ANSWER: severe HF, Bradycardia, Advanced Heart block, Hypotension (persistent), cardiogenic shock
BP meds approved for pregnancy -
ANSWER: Labetalol and Methyldopa
Carbamazepine drug interactions & dosing considerations -
ANSWER: narrow therapeutic dose (toxicity is a risk)
CCB Mech of action -
ANSWER: Promotes relaxation of peripheral arterioles resulting in a decreased afterload which reduces
cardiac oxygen demand
classes of controlled substances: -
ANSWER: Anabolic steroids, narcotics, stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens
clinical tools for treating hyperlipidemia -
ANSWER: ASCVD risk category, AHA/ACC, clinical guidelines
pf3
pf4
pf5

Partial preview of the text

Download NR565 Midterm Exam Study Guide: Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NR565 / NR 565 Midterm Exam Study Guide (Latest 2024 / 2025): Advanced

Pharmacology Fundamentals – Chamberlain

ACE inhibitors contraindications - ANSWER: African American, 2nd/3rd timester pregnancy, renal disease ACEI and ARBs can lead to renal failure in who? - ANSWER: Patients w/ bilateral renal artery stenosis Alternative treatment strategies for statin intolerant patients - ANSWER: ezetimibe, fibrates, nicotinic acid, bile acid sequestrates combo therapy with infrequent statin dosing dietary changes switching to a different statin appropriate intervals for medication adjustments - ANSWER: 4 - 6 weeks is ideal before adding another drug to the therapy regimen Beer's Criteria - ANSWER: Criteria for "Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults"; identifies drugs with a high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older adults pg. 62 in textbook for table Beta Blockers Contraindications - ANSWER: severe HF, Bradycardia, Advanced Heart block, Hypotension (persistent), cardiogenic shock BP meds approved for pregnancy - ANSWER: Labetalol and Methyldopa Carbamazepine drug interactions & dosing considerations - ANSWER: narrow therapeutic dose (toxicity is a risk) CCB Mech of action - ANSWER: Promotes relaxation of peripheral arterioles resulting in a decreased afterload which reduces cardiac oxygen demand classes of controlled substances: - ANSWER: Anabolic steroids, narcotics, stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens clinical tools for treating hyperlipidemia - ANSWER: ASCVD risk category, AHA/ACC, clinical guidelines

CYP450 inducers and inhibitors - ANSWER: inducers: carbamazepine phenobarbital phenytoin rifampin griseofulvin inhibitors: cimetidine ciprofloxacin erythromycin all azole antifungals grapefruit juice isoniazid ritonavir protease inhibitors DEA (Federal Drug Enforcement Administration) - ANSWER: regulate drugs and other substances based on their potential for abuse and dependence digoxin dosaging adjustments and cautions - ANSWER: start low, risk of toxicity, requires frequent monitoring of serum levels; do not use w/ quinidine drug of choice for lowering LDL - ANSWER: Statins drug schedules - schedule 2 - ANSWER: combination drugs w/ < 15mg hydrocodone per dosage unit High potential for abuse and severe physical/psychological dependence examples: Vicodin, cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, Dilaudid, oxycodone, Meperidine, Fentanyl, Adderall, Ritalin drug schedules - schedule 3 - ANSWER: drugs w/ <90 mg of codeine per dosage unit abuse would lead to mod-low physical dependence and high psychological dependence examples: ketamine, tylenol w/ codeine, anabolic steroids, testosterone drug schedules - schedule 4 - ANSWER: low potential for abuse; low level of dependence

  1. Reduces preload and afterload to the heart
  2. Dilates the coronary arteries resulting in increased perfusion of the myocardium Opioid Agonists - ANSWER: examples: Morphine, Fentanyl, oxycodone Used for moderate-severe pain, promote sedation by binding to opioid receptors in the CNS Side effects: Sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, GI upset, hypotension, urinary retention Naloxone (Narcan) is the antidote for opioid analgesics outcome of having a poor metabolism phenotype? - ANSWER: 1. Slowed metabolism of a prodrug into an active drug, leading to accumulation of prodrug
  3. Accumulation of inactive metabolites of drugs
  4. A need for increased dosages of medications
  5. Increased elimination of an active drug patient reasons for medication non-adherence - ANSWER: cost, availability, adverse effects, complicated regimen, lack of education, disbelief in med importance, supply/missed pick-up patient with HF taking an ACE inhibitor develops fibrotic changes, what should the provider do next? - ANSWER: Add an aldosterone antagonist (Spironolactone) physiological changes in older adults that impact pharmacological treatment? - ANSWER: Absorption of Drugs: Increased gastric pH Decreased absorptive surface area Decreased splanchnic blood flow Decreased gastrointestinal motility Delayed gastric emptying Distribution of Drugs: Increased body fat Decreased lean body mass Decreased total body water Decreased serum albumin Decreased cardiac output Metabolism of Drugs: Decreased hepatic blood flow Decreased hepatic mass Decreased activity of hepatic enzymes

Excretion of Drugs: Decreased renal blood flow Decreased glomerular filtration rate Decreased tubular secretion Decreased number of nephrons Prescriptive considerations for older adults - ANSWER: decreased renal function--> serum drug accumulation polypharmacy increased illness other comorbidities (CHF, cirrhosis, CKD, DM etc.) lower therapeutic index altered pharmacokinetics (drug movement thru body) inadequate long term therapy supervision poor compliance Ranolazine contraindications - ANSWER: patients who have preexisting QT prolongation & patients w/ hepatic impairment responsibilities of prescribing - ANSWER: *safe and competent prescribing must have a documented patient-provider relationship no personal prescribing! documented thorough H+P discussion of side effects, risks/benefits, alternative options documented plan for monitoring/titration etc. if applicable consider cost, availability, CPGs, compatibility, indication Role of aldosterone and how to manage those effects? - ANSWER: can cause cardiac inflammation, hypertophy, fibrosis, arrythmias, and ischemia. Spironolactone is an aldosterone blocker that prevents these effects Statin Lifespan considerations - ANSWER: OK in children >10 years old do not use in pregnancy/breastfeeding

65 yrs old greatly reduces risk of MI statin side effects - ANSWER: Myalgia (muscle pain)