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This exam features: 150 multiple-choice ques & Ans
1. Question 1: You are assessing a patient for hypoperfusion. Which of the
following signs and symptoms would indicate the presence of hypoperfusion?
a. Extreme thirst, restlessness
b. Poor mentation, stridor
c. Cyanosis, slow respirations
d. Pale skin, hypertension
Ans: A Extreme thirst, restlessness Rationale: Extreme thirst and restlessness are both classic signs and symptoms of shock. You would also expect to find pale, cool, clammy skin, altered mental status, rapid and shallow respirations, and increased heart rate.
NREMT FINAL EXAM
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2. Question 2: You arrive on scene with your partner to a slip and fall. The
patient is a 49 year old male who slipped and fell while jumping out of a boat and onto a dock. After hitting the dock he fell into the water where his friends pulled him out. He is conscious and complaining only of pain in his left shoulder. He is laying supine on the dock. He is shivering and holding his elbow. The proper course of action would be?
a. Cut off the wet clothing, high flow Ó, and check CMS
b. Load him on a backboard with c spine precautions, Ó, and transport
c. Put a blanket on him, Ó, and traction splinting
d. Ó, traction splinting, and transport
Ans: A Cut off the wet clothing, high flow Ó, and check CMS Rationale: Getting the wet clothes off him to help prevent shock, along with High flow Ó, and checking the ciruclation, motor function, and sensation of the affected limb would be the best choice. The other answers never checked CMS which is very necessary.
3. Question 3: Where is the ulna located in the body?
a. The thumb side of the arm
b. The big toe side of the leg
c. The little toe side of the leg
d. The little finger side of the arm Ans:
D The little finger side of the arm Rationale: The ulna is the outside bone of the arm in line with the little finger.
c. A surgically created connection between a venule and an artery.
d. An internal shunt
Ans: D An internal shunt Rationale: The best definition of a fistula used in hemodialysis is "an internal shunt" which connects an artery to a vein.
5. Question 5: It is your duty as an EMT to diagnose a diabetic condition as:
a. Hypoglycemic
b. Hyperglycemic
c. Serious
d. None of the above
Ans: D None of the above Rationale: You need to manage airway, breathing, and circulation, and transport in a safe and expedient manner. It is not your job to diagnose.
6. Question 6: Proper use of an AED should include:
a. Measuring from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe
b. Moistening the pads to ensure electrical conductivity
c. Establishing the patient does not have a pulse
d. Three consecutive shocks
Ans: C Establishing the patient does not have a pulse
Rationale: An AED should only be used on a patient who has no pulse. CPR should be continued after each shock, per the 2010 AHA Guidelines.
7. Question 7:You and your partner Bob are called to the scene of a man down. The
report said the man has no pulse and that family members are doing CPR. Upon arriving at the scene what 3 things are you going to do first?
a. Open their airway, tell the bystander to stop CPR, and put your gloves on
b. Question the bystanders, direct them to stop CPR ,and check for pulse
c. Hook up the AED, open their airway, and insert an adjunct
d. Attach the AED, tell everyone to stand back, and hit the analyze button Ans:
B Question the bystanders, direct them to stop CPR ,and check for pulse Rationale: Your gloves should be on prior to coming in contact with the patient. You would attach an AED and shock if indicated, according to AHA Guidelines
8. Question 8: Which of the following can mimic alcohol intoxication?
a. Head injury
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Diabetic ketoacidosis
d. All of the above
Ans: D All of the above Rationale: All of these things can mimic alcohol intoxication. Hypoxia, postictal state
with the head elevated about 6 inches.
11. Question 11: Epinephrine.
a. Constricts vessels and relaxes airway passages
b. Dilates vessels and increases pulse rate
c. Is administered by autoinjector only
d. Is not produced naturally by the body
Ans: A Constricts vessels and relaxes airway passages Rationale: It constricts vessels and relaxes airway passages along with speeding up the pulse. It is administered in several different ways including IV and ET tube and it is produced naturally by the body.
12. Question 12: You are assessing a child who is 9 years old. Your patient
presents with a heart rate of 69. You would describe this childs heart rate as?
a. Bradycardia
b. Regular
c. Normal
d. Tachycardia
Ans: A Bradycardia Rationale: A normal heart rate range for children ages 6 to 12 is 70 to 110 beats per minute. Bradycardia for a child of this age is a pulse less than 70 BPM. Bradycardia in an adult is less than 60 BPM. You would want to do a detailed assessment and form you general impression of the patients condition prior to being overly concerned about a heart rate of 69.
13. Question 13: Upon inhalation, air enters the mouth and then proceeds:
a. Through the pharynx and then the larynx into the trachea branching at the
carina into the bronchi
b. Through the larynx and then through the trachea passing the bronchi and
into the carina
c. Through the oropharynx and into the vocal cords passing the bronchi then
the trachea into the alveoli
d. None of the above choices contains an answer that could be correct Ans:
A Through the pharynx and then the larynx into the trachea branching at the carina into the bronchi
14. Question 14: What is the major function of the lower airway?
a. To warm, filter, and humidify air
b. To protect from foreign objects
c. To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
d. To increase metabolism
oxygen to the tissues. A jaundiced appearance is usually caused from poor liver function or diseases that attack the liver.
17. Question 17: Which of the following choices is not part of the respiratory
system?
a. Capillaries
b. Trachea
c. Thyroid
d. Alveoli
Ans: C Thyroid Rationale: The thyroid is not part of the respiratory system. The trachea is the passageway for oxygen to enter the pulmonary system and for CÓ to be exhaled. Once entering the pulmonary system, oxygen enters the alveoli which are surrounded by capillary beds. This is where diffusion takes place and oxygen enters the blood stream and CÓ exits.
18. Question 18: You arrive on scene with your partner Wayne to find a man at a
bowling alley in respiratory distress. He is walking around looking pale and acting agitated. Audible wheezing sounds can be heard ashe breathes in. His cousin says he was just getting ready to bowl when he started coughing and now it's likethis. You ask the man if he is choking and he wheezes "yes". What should you do for this patient?
a. Use a pair of Magill forcepts to remove the blockage
b. Heimlich maneuver
c. Transport and encourage him to cough
d. Wait until he passes out from choking then do compressions to dislodge the
food Ans: C Transport and encourage him to cough Rationale: Until there is a complete blockage of air, you do not want to give the Heimlich maneuver. Best treatment would be encouraging to cough and transport to the hospital.
19. Question 19: What does the prefix edem- mean?
a. Skin
b. Swelling
c. Lungs
d. Under
Ans: B Swelling Rationale: The prefix edem- means swelling.
Rationale: Clothing for cold weather protection consists of three layers; A thin inner layer to wick wetness away from the body, a thermal middle layer for insulation, and an outer layer that resists wind and wetness.
22. Question 22: Your partner says that your 55 year old patient has bilateral
breath sounds. This means that they are?
a. Not the same
b. The same
c. Rapid
d. Slow
Ans: B The same Rationale: Equal lung sounds are the same and are considered bilateral. Bi meaning two.
23. Question 23: Which best describes an oblique fracture?
a. A fracture that occurs straight across the bone b. A fracture in which the bone is broken into more than two pieces c. A fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone d. An incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the shaft of a bone Ans: C A fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone Rationale: An oblique fracture is a fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone. This is normally the result of a hard, angled blow to the bone. A transverse fracture occurs straight across the bone. When the bone is broken into more than two pieces, it is comminuted. An incomplete fracture that only passes partway through the bone is greenstick.
24. Question 24: The root word carp- means:
a. Fish
b. Wrist
c. Armpit
d. Arm: Wrist
25. Question 25: Where is the first place in the heart to receive unoxygenated
blood?
a. Pulmonary vein
b. Right atrium
c. Left atrium
d. Pulmonary artery: Right atrium
a. Constipation
b. Infection
c. Dehydration
d. Intra-abdominal injury
Ans: D Intra-abdominal injury Rationale: Palpation of the abdomen should be gentle. Watch for distention, and seatbelt bruising or abrasions. If the abdominal muscles are tense or are in spasm, they are trying to protect an inflamed abdomen. In this case where trauma was involved, the best choice is the Intra-ab- dominal injury.
28. What is the body's natural response to external bleeding?
a. Dilation of the blood vessels
b. Constriction of the blood vessels
c. Increased oxygen delivery
d. Decreased oxygen delivery
Ans: B Constriction of the blood vessels Rationale: Along with clotting are natural mechanisms to deal with external bleeding.
29. You and your partner Zach are about to use an AED on an unconscious
patient. Which of the following answers is part of that procedure?
a. Cutting the electrode pads into squares
b. Wetting the electrodes to ensure they conduct
c. Making sure patient has no pulse
d. Continuing CPR after the fourth shock
Ans: C Making sure patient has no pulse Rationale: An AED should only be used on a patient who has no pulse. CPR should be continued after each shock per AHA AED Guidelines.
30. An adult with a respiration rate of per minute would be considered
within normal limits. A child aged 3-5 with a respiration rate of per minute would be considered within normal limits and an infant who is breath- ing at per minute would be considered within normal limits.
a. 22, 32, 42
b. 11, 6, 15
c. 20, 40, 60
d. 16, 25, 40
Ans: D 16, 25, 40 Rationale: According to NES guidelines normal adult respiratory rates are from 16- 20 - preschool aged
tidal volume?
a. 300 ml-500 ml
b. Enough to make the chest rise 1-2 inches
c. 700 ml - 900 ml
d. Enough to make the chest rise
Ans: D Enough to make the chest rise Rationale: AHA CPR Guidelines eliminate numeric volume for estimating tidal vol- ume and say to deliver breaths "with a volume sufficient to produce visible chest rise".
34. It is the middle of winter and you and your partner are called to the scene of
a homeless man having breathing problems. You arrive to find him laying on a sidewalk on a calm, but very cold night. He is likely losing heat from?
a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Refraction
d. Evaporation: Conduction
35. Radio communication between EMT team members on a multiple car
collision should be?
a. Done quickly to keep the airway free for other traffic
b. In simple English
c. Short with answers like "yes" and "no"
d. Cryptic, to avoid outside parties from listening in: In simple english
Rationale: Speaking as simply as possible in plain English is recommended over using cryptic codes and radio cliches. Words like "yes" and "no" are hard to distinguish and should be substituted with "affirmative" and "negative" or something easier to understand.
36. When responding to a chest pain call at a fertilizer plant, you notice an
NFPA 704M placard. This placard is a square (broken into quadrants) that is tilted up onto a corner (diamond). What does the white quadrant represent?
a. Reactivity
b. Specific hazard (special information)
c. Health hazards
d. Flammability
Ans: B Specific hazard (special information) Rationale: There are four different colors associated with this placard. Blue repre- sents health hazards, red represents fire hazards, yellow represents reactivity, and the white quadrant has special information or shows another specific hazard.
37. Medical direction by a licensed physician is needed in order for an EMT to?
a. Administer nitroglycerin
