Download NREMT Paramedic Exam Solution and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NREMT Paramedic Exam Solution
Crenation - Correct answer Shrinking of a cell due to osmosis. Hemolysis - Correct answer Breaking of a cell. Atrophy (of a cell) - Correct answer Also involves the shrinking of a cell, but is not due to an osmotic force, and is usually due to tissue breakdown. Hypertrophy (of a cell) - Correct answer Enlarging or thickening of a cell. Class 1 research - Correct answer Most reliable and valid, it is the highest and best for citation, research and policy development is derived from prospective, controlled, randomized, double-blind studies. Class 2 research - Correct answer Biased, non-randomized, or retrospective studies with weaker evidence. Class 3 research - Correct answer Case studies, medical opinions, or consensus documents. Clinical research - Correct answer Focuses on improving pt outcomes. Evidence-based research - Correct answer Aims to improve medical practices. Descriptive statistics - Correct answer Describes a phenomenon. Inferential statistics - Correct answer Can use information learned in the groups to make predictions about the general public. Pandemic disease - Correct answer Meets two criteria, number 1 is it affects many people across a large region, and number 2, is the disease is infectious in nature. Trigeminal nerve - Correct answer 5th cranial nerve, it is responsible for chewing and facial sensation.
Oculomotor nerve - Correct answer 3rd cranial nerve, controls eye movement. Olfactory nerve - Correct answer 1st cranial nerve, controls sense of smell. Where do you cric someone? - Correct answer Inferior to the thyroid cartilage, and superior to the cricoid cartilage is the cricothyroid ligament (or membrane). EMS systems do not rely on mobile phones only for long distance communication why? - Correct answer It can be overwhelmed, esp in a MCI. What is the drug name most health care workers use? - Correct answer Generic. You have a neonate who is bradycardic at 48bpm, what should you do first? - Correct answer Begin compressions. What is the antidote for a tylenol OD? - Correct answer Mucomyst. A pt who is in cardiac arrest and is intubated should get how many breaths per minute? - Correct answer 10, one breath every 6 seconds. A pt has pinpoint pupils caused by a morphine OD, why does morphine cause that? - Correct answer Causes parasympathetic simulation which constricts the eyes. What shouldn't you do with transdermal patches? - Correct answer Never rub it into the skin. While trying to intubate the paramedic sees a foreign object just distal to the vocal cords, what should they do? - Correct answer Attempt to remove it with the magill forceps. What is the antidote for magnesium toxicity? - Correct answer Calcium gluconate. What change in the elderly will have the greatest impact on paramedics? - Correct answer Decrease in creatinine clearance (kidney function).
A patient with a destructive pulmonary disease resulting in alveolar damage will likely have a detrimental change in which one of the lung volumes listed below? - Correct answer Residual volume, has a hard time expelling all the air, leading in higher CO2 levels What form of noninvasive pressure support ventilation allows the spontaneously breathing patient to exhale against a lower pressure than she is being aided with upon inspiration? - Correct answer BiPap Leading cause of death in sickle cell anemia? - Correct answer Infection (pneumonia) Fluid bolus for children? - Correct answer 20ml/kg, avg 5 year old weighs between 30-40 lbs, so that would be 16kg & they'd get 320ml. Anaphylaxsis is what kind of shock? - Correct answer Distributive. What condition has a higher mortality rate in geriatric pt's than any other? - Correct answer Renal disease/kidney failure. What kind of sound will a pneumothorax make upon percussion? - Correct answer Hyper-resonant (like a drum). What kind of sound will a hemothorax make upon percussion? - Correct answer Hypo-resonant (a dull sound). A pt takes a med that is enteric coated, why does this med have that coating? - Correct answer It delays breakdown of the medication until it gets to the duodenum (intestine) so that way it doesn't irritate the stomach. What is tardive dyskinesia? - Correct answer Uncontrollable repetitive movements (lip smacking, chewing, movements of the mouth) brought on by long term use of anti-psychotic medications. A pulmonary contusion presents with what S&S? - Correct answer Rales upon inspiration (only unilaterally), diminished breath sounds, pain upon palpation in that area.
What is the most common cause of cerebral palsy? - Correct answer The most common cause is abnormal cerebral development or cerebral dysgenisis. What is a low velocity weapon? - Correct answer Hand held items, knife, fist, sword, etc. What is a medium/high velocity weapon? - Correct answer Those that discharge projectile that pierces the body (bullet, arrow, etc). Which fracture is most likely to cause compartment syndrome? - Correct answer Femur fracture. What is the antidote for a benzo OD? - Correct answer Romazicon (flumazenil) Parenteral medication routes? - Correct answer IV, IM, subcu, intranasal. Enteral medication routes? - Correct answer All involve the GI tract. Oral, rectal, sublingual. The CAGE assessment is what? - Correct answer A well-known tool to help EMS providers identify if a pt has a substance abuse issue. C- "Have you ever been concerned about your drinking?", A- "Have you ever annoyed by criticism of your drinking?", G- "Have you ever felt guilty about your drinking?", E- "Have you ever felt the need for an eye opener?". Alpha receptors cause what? - Correct answer Vasoconstriction and pale skin. Beta receptors cause what? - Correct answer Increase in HR. A penetration injury through the thoracic disrupting what structural lining, will cause the lung to collapse? - Correct answer Parietal pleura (adheres to the chest wall), will cause air to fill that space and eventually collapse the lung. When were ambulances first used in the US? - Correct answer 1800's.
What do the colors on placards represent? - Correct answer Yellow, reactivity. Red, flammable. Blue, health hazard. What are the hazard class levels on placards? - Correct answer 1- explosives, 2-gases, 3-flammable liquid/combustible liquid, 4-flammable solid, spontaneous combustible, and dangerous when wet, 5-oxidizer/organic peroxide, 6-poison/poison inhalation hazard, 7- radioactive, 8-corrosive, 9-misc What does RPM stand for in the START system? - Correct answer Respiration's, pulse, mental. What is the best way to assess your interventions from the pt? - Correct answer Look at the pt's mood. What assessment finding should the paramedic expect to find in an elderly pt that has COPD? - Correct answer A barrel chest with increased A:P diameter. What defines a 2nd degree AV block- Mobitz type 2? - Correct answer Multiple P waves for each QRS, sometimes consistently. What is not seen in croup symptoms? - Correct answer Tachypnea.A What is an urgent move? - Correct answer A pt with AMS (unresponsive). What is an emergency move? - Correct answer They are reserved for pt's who are in harms way (fire, explosion). Kaposi sarcoma is what? - Correct answer A cancer associated with HIV/AIDS. An intramuscular medication is injected at what angle? - Correct answer 90 degree. A subcutaneous medication is injected at what angle? - Correct answer 45 degree into the fatty tissue.
What is the most life threatening risk that is associated with lower abd pain in women? - Correct answer First, ectopic pregnancy. Second, PID- can lead to sepsis. What is an anaphylactoid reaction? - Correct answer An allergic reaction that happens after the first exposure to something. It's considered abnormal, and happens when a pt starts a new med or tries a new food. What are seratonin reuptake inhibitors? - Correct answer Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil - used to treat a multitude of psychiatric disorders. What's the first thing an EMS responder should do when dealing with a car in an MVC? - Correct answer Make sure the ignition is turned off, and make sure the car is parked with the E brake on. How far can rotor wing aircraft go? - Correct answer They are typically deployed for distances less than 100 miles. For transports greater than 100 miles, what should you do? - Correct answer Fixed wing transport should be considered first. Tension headaches present with what S&S? - Correct answer Bilateral in nature. Cluster headaches present with what S&S? - Correct answer Causes severe pain, unilateral, may be a part of a cluster of several headaches over a period of days. More likely to occur in males. What is a big factor in contributing to a wound not healing? - Correct answer A pt with type 2 diabetes. It can affect wounds more than being old. How does albuterol help in a pt with a crush injury? - Correct answer Albuterol promotes movement of potassium to the intracellular space, resolving vascular hyperkalemia. If someone has a cognitive impairment, what does it affect? - Correct answer Language skills, memory abilities, and perceptual skills. If someone has a cerebral impairment, what does that affect? - Correct answer The ability to ambulate, motor skills.
What is the first segment of the large intestine? - Correct answer The cecum. The cecum in the large intestine is followed by what? - Correct answer The colon, ascending, transverse, and descending. Where should you position yourself when gathering info about the pt? - Correct answer At the pt's eye level. If someone has decreased peripheral perfusion, what will be affected as far as respiratory goes? - Correct answer Internal respirations will be diminished. A white layer of fungus covering a newborn/infants tongue is called what? - Correct answer Referred to as "thrush" or candidiasis. What defines schizophrenia? - Correct answer Delusional, hearing voices, hallucinations, etc. Not something you would see in a bipolar pt. Neurological deficits secondary to an occlusive stroke are caused by what?
- Correct answer Ischemia and damage to the brain tissue. If an elderly pt has open-angle glaucoma what should the paramedic be aware of? - Correct answer Many medications have an impact on the disease, and paramedics might not be able to give the pt the meds like they normally would. ARD's pt's will benefit from what? - Correct answer CPAP. What is a frank breech? - Correct answer Occurs when the buttocks are presenting out of the vaginal canal. What is a complete breech? - Correct answer When the legs are folded and complete cross in front of the infant. What is a positive inotropic agent? - Correct answer Dopamine, or dobutamine. What can happen to someone who OD's on antacids? - Correct answer Metabolic alkalosis - tingling, dizziness, seizures, tremors.
What gas law describes the bellows action of the chest? - Correct answer Boyle's law, think "Boyle's bubbles". Henry's law describes what? - Correct answer The effects of pressure on keeping gases dissolved in liquids "Henry's hyperbaric". What makes up "stroke volume"? - Correct answer Determined by ventricular preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload. Sodium bicarb is now no longer used when? - Correct answer In cardiac arrest situations. It may be used in cases of suspected hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and tricyclic overdose. Use of nitroglycerin should be withheld in the event of what kind of MI? - Correct answer Inferior. How to test for a change in cardiac output? - Correct answer SV x HR. Which ever answer is furthest from the baseline is the correct one. What is one limitation to be considered when using rotor-wing transport not present in other modes of transportation? - Correct answer Pt weight. What is the major factor that sets apart a TIA from other strokes? - Correct answer It's symptoms last less than 24 hrs. The FDA categories for medication while pregnant are what? - Correct answer A, B, C, D, X, and NR. A is considered safe. B is when the risks to the fetus are remote. C indicates fetal risk, which cannot be ruled out. D means there is evidence of fetal risk. X is complete off limits for pregnancy. NR means "no rating". DNA is stored within the what of the cell? - Correct answer The nucleus. Succinylcholine is contraindicated in what kind of pts? - Correct answer Pt's with suspected hyperkalemia. Burns, crush injuries, or prolonged bed rest, and dialysis pt's because the frequently experience electrolyte imbalances. What is a cumulative effect when giving meds? - Correct answer The total effect of two medications for the clinical treatment of a single condition.
What type of shock would be most beneficial to fluid preloading by the paramedic? - Correct answer Hypovolemic shock. What is the staging officers role in an MCI? - Correct answer To make sure that all the equipment is available, and track and organize it, and it can include helicopters, ambulances, etc. For breathing to occur, intrathoracic pressure does what? - Correct answer Decreases then increases. If your pt is on a vent, and is suffering from a low BP and low O2 sat, what should you try to change? - Correct answer Decrease the PEEP settings. Make sure tidal volume, o2 flow rate, and ventilatory rate are all within normal limits. Layers of the heart from inside out? - Correct answer Endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. What layer of the heart is usually the first to be affected by an MI? - Correct answer The endocardium, because it is the last layer to receive blood. If the MI is bad enough, it'll affect the myocardium and epicardium. What is the difference between a virus and bacteria? - Correct answer Viruses lack organelles, so they rely on their host to survive, whereas bacteria can survive without a host. Also, few antivirals are as available as antibacterials. Furthermore, viruses are the most common cause of infections in the body. Damage to what nerve will cause the diaphragm to stop working? - Correct answer The phrenic nerve. What is the 10th cranial nerve? - Correct answer The vagus nerve (controls parasympathetic tone). What is the 12th cranial nerve? - Correct answer Hypoglossal nerve (controls the tongue). If your pt's endotracheal tube gets displaced and is no longer usable, what can the paramedic do? - Correct answer Place an ET in the stoma opening.
ET intubate the pt & ventilate with a BVM or reconnect the ventilator. They can place in a new tracheostomy tube. Lastly, they can bag the stoma directly with a BVM. What is a psuedo seizure? - Correct answer It is caused by a psychiatric emergency. How many milligrams is in a gram? - Correct answer 1,000 ml's in one g. What are mongolian spots? - Correct answer They are melanotic pigmentations commonly found in african americans and native americans. They are found on the skin, and eventually go away.
