Download NRSG 2220 EXAM 2| ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|2025|2026|A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NRSG 2220 EXAM 2| ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS|2025|2026|A+
What are the factors affecting safety? Developmental considerations, lifestyle, social behavior, environment, mobility, sensory perception, knowledge, ability to communicate, physical/psychosocial health state. What components make up the focus of safety assessments?
- The person
- The environment
- Specific risk factors What important assessments/observations should be collected during nursing history?
- History of falls/accidents
- Assistive devices
- History of drug/alcohol abuse
- Family support/home environment
What factors are typically assessed during the physical examination? Mobility status, ability to communicate, level of awareness/orientation, sensory perception, potential safety hazards, manifestations of domestic violence/neglect. What factors contribute to falls? Lower body weakness, poor vision, gait/balance issues, feet/shoe problems, psychoactive medications, postural dizziness, hazards in home/community. What would be appropriate patient outcomes for safety? Identify real and potential unsafe environmental situations, implement safety measures in the environment, use available resources for safety information, incorporate accident prevention practices into ADLs, remain free of injury. What are some safety devices to prevent falls? Guard rails, Bed is locked, Non-slip socks
Should Safety Event Reports be mentioned in documentation? No, they should not be mentioned in documentation What are some types of restraints used for adults and children? Wrist restraint, elbow restraint, mummy restraint What are examples of physiological hazards associated with restraints? Increased possibility of serious injury due to fall, Skin breakdown, Contractures, Incontinence, Delirium, Anxiety, Aspiration/respiratory difficulties, Death What are the two types of restraints? Physical Restraints, Chemical Restraints What are examples of physical restraints? Belts, Vests, 'Geri Chair', bed rails, alarms
What are examples of chemical restraints? Sedatives, Antipsychotics What is required to use restraints? Order from NP/MD, Follow facility guidelines/policies What are some considerations for maintaining emergency preparedness? Biological threats, Chemical threats, Radiation threats, Cyber terror, Preparing for mass trauma terrorism What is the role of the Skeletal System in movement? Supports soft tissues, provides attachment for muscles What are the functions of the Skeletal System? Supports soft tissues, protects crucial components, provides attachment for muscles, tendons, ligaments, stores minerals/fat, produces blood cells
Dorsiflexion Backward bending of hand/foot Plantar flexion Flexion of the foot Rotation Turning on an axis provided by a joint Internal rotation Body part turning on its axis toward the midline of the body Supination make someone lay face up
Pronation make someone lay face down Inversion Movement of sole of foot inward Eversion Movement of sole of foot outward Functions of Muscles Motion, maintenance of posture, support, heat production Effect of Nervous System on Muscle Contraction Neurons conduct impulses, afferent system conveys information to CNS, efferent system conveys response to skeletal muscles What factors influence mobility?
Increased efficiency of the heart, decreased heart rate and blood pressure, increased blood flow to all body parts, improved venous return, increased circulating fibrinolysin What are the respiratory exercise benefits? Improved alveolar ventilation, decreased work of breathing, improved diaphragmatic excursion What are the musculoskeletal exercise benefits? Increased muscle efficiency and flexibility, increased coordination, reduced bone loss, increased efficiency of nerve impulse transmission What are the variables leading to back injury in healthcare workers? Uncoordinated lifts, manual lifting and transferring of patients without assistive devices, lifting when fatigued or after recent back injury recovery, repetitive movements, standing for long periods of time, transferring/repositioning uncooperative or confused patients, repetitive tasks What are some equipment and assistive devices used for mobility?
Gait belts, stand-assist and repositioning aids, lateral-assist devices, friction-reducing sheets, mechanical lateral-assist devices, transfer chairs, powered stand-assist and repositioning lifts, powered full-body lifts What should be assessed for mobility? General ease of movement and gait, alignment, joint structure and function, muscle mass, tone, and strength, endurance What is Fowler's Position? Head of bed raised to 45-60 degrees What is the purpose of Fowler's Position? Promote optimal cardiac and respiratory function What is High Fowlers? Head of bed raised to 90 degrees (when patient is eating)
Lying flat on stomach with head turned to one side When is Protective Prone Position contraindicated? In patients with spinal problems or respiratory issues What is repositioning? Turning a patient in bed What is boosting? Moving a patient up in bed What are some mechanical aids for walking? Walker, cane, braces, crutches What are the leading causes of healthcare visits? Musculoskeletal complaints/disorders
What are causes of sentinel events (falls)? Musculoskeletal problems (weakness/pain) What can be examined at the same time as the neurologic system? Musculoskeletal system What are the articular structures? Joint capsule, articular cartilage, synovium, synovial fluid, intra-articular ligaments, juxta-articular bone What are the structures involved in joint function? Periarticular ligaments, tendons, bursae, muscle, fascia, bone, nerve, overlying skin What are ligaments? Rope-like bundles of collagen fibrils that connect bone to bone
What are the associated symptoms with joint pain? Fever, chills, rash, weakness, weight loss What are myalgias? Muscle aches/pain caused by illness, trauma, overuse What are arthralgias? Joint pain caused by 2 or more bones meeting to form a joint What are the different types of low back pain? Midline, Off the midline, Radiation, Associated bladder/bowel dysfunction What are the characteristics of neck pain? Self-limited, Radiation to arm?, Arm/leg weakness/paresthesias?, Change in bowel/bladder function?, Persisting pain after blunt trauma/car accident = further evaluation
What are the important areas to examine in a joint? Symmetry, alignment, bony deformities What should be inspected and palpated in the tissues? Skin changes, nodules, muscle atrophy, crepitus What should be assessed in terms of joint function and stability? Integrity of ligaments, tendons, bursae When should the integrity of ligaments, tendons, and bursae be assessed? Especially if there is pain or trauma What should be assessed for inflammation or arthritis? Swelling, warmth, tenderness, redness
Swelling, warmth, tenderness, redness How do you inspect muscles? Size and contour What is atrophy? Decrease in cell size due to disuse What is hypertrophy? Increase in cell size due to overuse What is muscle tone? Intact nerve supply, voluntarily relaxed, slight residual tension How do you assess muscle tone? Passive stretch
What is hypotonia? Flaccidity What is spasticity? Increased muscle tone How do you assess muscle strength? Active resistance testing What factors should be considered when assessing muscle strength? Age, gender, muscular training Which side is slightly stronger in muscle strength? Dominant side What are some examples of paresis, paralysis, or plegia?
