Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
NSG 1800 NUTRITION AND WELLNESS FINAL PRACTICE EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES 2025 GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
Typology: Exams
1 / 30
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
1. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the diet? A. Build muscle B. Provide insulation C. Provide energy D. Repair tissue Carbohydrates are the body’s main energy source, especially for the brain and muscles during exercise. 2. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K Vitamin D facilitates calcium absorption in the intestines, supporting bone health.
3. A deficiency in which nutrient causes scurvy? A. Iron B. Thiamine C. Folate D. Vitamin C Vitamin C deficiency impairs collagen synthesis, leading to symptoms of scurvy such as bleeding gums and poor wound healing. 4. Which mineral is critical for oxygen transport in the blood? A. Calcium B. Iron C. Zinc D. Magnesium Iron is a component of hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen in the blood. 5. Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram? A. Carbohydrates B. Protein C. Fat D. Fiber
9. What is the best indicator of long-term nutritional status? A. Serum calcium B. Albumin level C. Hemoglobin D. Glucose level Albumin has a long half-life and reflects chronic protein status. 10. Which type of fat increases LDL cholesterol the most? A. Monounsaturated fats B. Polyunsaturated fats C. Trans fats D. Saturated fats Saturated fats increase LDL ("bad") cholesterol, raising cardiovascular risk. 11. Which population is most at risk for iron-deficiency anemia? A. Middle-aged men B. Pregnant women C. Adolescents D. Elderly women Pregnant women have increased iron needs for fetal development and blood volume expansion. 12. Which vitamin should be supplemented in a vegan diet? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin B D. Vitamin K Vitamin B12 is found mainly in animal products and is often deficient in vegan diets.
13. What does BMI measure? A. Body fat percentage B. Muscle mass C. Weight in relation to height D. Waist circumference BMI (Body Mass Index) is a screening tool that compares weight to height to classify underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. 14. What is a major function of dietary fiber? A. Increases calcium absorption B. Promotes bowel regularity C. Provides energy D. Builds muscle Fiber adds bulk to stool and helps prevent constipation. 15. A client on a low-sodium diet should avoid: A. Fresh fruits B. Canned soups C. Fresh vegetables D. Brown rice Canned and processed foods are often high in sodium.
D. Phosphorus Excess sodium increases blood pressure by promoting fluid retention.
20. Which vitamin is synthesized by the body when exposed to sunlight? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin E Sunlight triggers the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin. 21. Which nutrient is essential for thyroid function? A. Iron B. Iodine C. Zinc D. Magnesium Iodine is needed to synthesize thyroid hormones. 22. A deficiency of folic acid during pregnancy can cause: A. Rickets B. Autism C. Neural tube defects D. Low birth weight Folic acid prevents birth defects of the brain and spine, such as spina bifida.
23. What food should be avoided on a clear liquid diet? A. Broth B. Milk C. Apple juice D. Gelatin Milk is not considered a clear liquid and can leave residue. 24. Which vitamin is an antioxidant? A. Vitamin K B. Vitamin E C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin B Vitamin E protects cells from oxidative damage. 25. What lab value is used to assess iron status? A. BUN B. Creatinine C. Hemoglobin D. Amylase Low hemoglobin can indicate iron-deficiency anemia. 26. Which food is highest in calcium? A. Broccoli B. Yogurt C. Carrots
C. Vitamin A D. Vitamin K Vitamin A supports retina function and night vision.
31. What condition is linked to excessive alcohol intake and thiamine deficiency? A. Pellagra B. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome C. Rickets D. Scurvy This neurological disorder is caused by a lack of thiamine in chronic alcoholics. 32. Which fat is considered heart-healthy? A. Trans fat B. Saturated fat C. Monounsaturated fat D. Cholesterol Monounsaturated fats, like olive oil, support heart health. 33. What condition results from lack of vitamin D in children? A. Scurvy B. Rickets C. Pellagra
D. Anemia Rickets causes soft, weak bones due to poor calcium absorption.
34. The best source of vitamin K is: A. Citrus fruit B. Leafy green vegetables C. Fortified cereals D. Eggs Leafy greens like spinach and kale are high in vitamin K. 35. What is a common symptom of protein deficiency? A. Diarrhea B. Edema C. Jaundice D. Constipation Protein helps maintain fluid balance; low protein can cause edema. 36. What is the best way to prevent foodborne illness? A. Use canned foods B. Rinse meat before cooking C. Wash hands before handling food D. Eat leftovers quickly Hand hygiene is the most effective way to reduce contamination. 37. What food is highest in potassium? A. Bread B. Banana
41. Which food is best for a lactose-intolerant client? A. Milk B. Cheese C. Ice cream D. Soy milk Soy milk is a lactose-free alternative that provides similar nutrients. 42. What is the primary concern with a high-protein diet? A. Weight gain B. Kidney strain C. Vitamin deficiency D. Hair loss Excess protein can burden the kidneys, especially in those with renal issues. 43. What mineral supports wound healing? A. Iron B. Zinc C. Calcium D. Sodium Zinc is involved in tissue repair and immune function. 44. What is the role of insulin in nutrition? A. Stimulates fat breakdown B. Promotes glucose uptake C. Inhibits digestion
D. Decreases hunger Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream.
45. What lab value reflects recent dietary protein intake? A. Albumin B. BUN C. Hematocrit D. Prealbumin Prealbumin has a shorter half-life than albumin and reflects recent changes in nutrition. 46. What is the safest way to lower cholesterol? A. Eliminate all fat B. Take vitamins C. Increase fiber intake D. Use only protein supplements Soluble fiber helps lower LDL cholesterol by binding bile acids. 47. Which of the following indicates malnutrition? A. Weight gain B. Elevated temperature C. Unintentional weight loss D. Muscle cramps Losing weight without trying is a red flag for malnutrition. 48. Which population is most at risk for dehydration? A. Teenagers
C. Removes excess cholesterol from tissues D. Lowers protein levels HDL (high-density lipoprotein) transports cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion.
52. A patient with celiac disease should avoid foods containing: A. Fiber B. Gluten C. Lactose D. Fructose Gluten is found in wheat, barley, and rye, which must be avoided in celiac disease. 53. What vitamin is destroyed by light exposure and should be stored in opaque containers? A. Vitamin A B. Riboflavin (B2) C. Vitamin K D. Vitamin D Riboflavin is light-sensitive and degrades when exposed to sunlight. 54. What is the primary function of the large intestine in digestion? A. Absorption of nutrients B. Production of bile C. Breakdown of fats
D. Absorption of water and electrolytes The large intestine absorbs water and forms feces.
55. Which lab test is best for monitoring blood glucose control over time? A. Fasting glucose B. Random glucose C. Hemoglobin A1c D. Insulin level Hemoglobin A1c reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 2– 3 months. 56. What condition results from excessive vitamin D intake? A. Osteomalacia B. Hypercalcemia C. Rickets D. Hypokalemia Too much vitamin D increases calcium absorption, possibly leading to hypercalcemia. 57. Which vitamin enhances iron absorption from plant-based foods? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K Vitamin C increases the absorption of non-heme (plant-based) iron.
C. Aldosterone D. Epinephrine Aldosterone increases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys.
62. Which nutrient is necessary for collagen synthesis and wound healing? A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin C C. Folate D. Niacin Vitamin C is critical for building collagen, essential for wound repair. 63. What is the term for difficulty swallowing? A. Aphasia B. Dysphagia C. Dyspepsia D. Dyspnea Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that may affect nutritional intake. 64. A food labeled “low sodium” contains: A. Less than 300 mg per serving B. Less than 200 mg per serving C. Less than 140 mg per serving D. Less than 100 mg per serving FDA defines “low sodium” as less than 140 mg per serving. 65. What is a good food source of folate? A. Chicken breast
B. White bread C. Spinach D. Milk Leafy greens like spinach are rich in folate.
66. What is the primary concern with prolonged vomiting? A. Hypercalcemia B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Respiratory acidosis D. Hyperkalemia Vomiting leads to loss of gastric acid, which causes metabolic alkalosis. 67. What is the main source of energy during fasting? A. Glucose B. Ketones C. Glycogen D. Fiber When glucose is unavailable, the body converts fat into ketones for energy. 68. What is the function of bile in digestion? A. Digests proteins B. Emulsifies fats C. Absorbs glucose D. Increases enzyme activity Bile breaks fats into smaller droplets for better digestion by lipase.
