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NSG 1800 NUTRITION AND WELLNESS
FINAL PRACTICE EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
PLUS RATIONALES 2025 GALEN COLLEGE
OF NURSING
- Which macronutrient is the body’s primary source of energy? a. Protein b. Carbohydrates c. Fats d. Vitamins Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of fuel, especially for brain and muscle function.
- Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption? a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin K Vitamin D facilitates the absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
- Which mineral is most important in oxygen transport in the blood? a. Calcium b. Potassium c. Iron d. Sodium Iron is a vital component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells.
- Which nutrient plays a primary role in tissue growth and repair? a. Carbohydrates b. Protein c. Lipids d. Fiber Proteins provide amino acids needed for building and repairing tissues.
- What is the best dietary source of omega-3 fatty acids? a. Chicken b. Salmon c. Eggs d. Bananas
- What is the recommended daily intake of fiber for an average adult? a. 5–10 grams b. 10–15 grams c. 25–30 grams d. 40–50 grams Most health authorities recommend 25–30 grams of fiber daily to promote digestive health.
- What is the primary function of insulin? a. Break down proteins b. Regulate blood glucose levels c. Promote fat absorption d. Stimulate hunger Insulin helps transport glucose into cells, reducing blood sugar levels.
- A food label shows 200 calories per serving with 8g of fat. How many calories come from fat? a. 32 b. 48 c. 72 d. 80 Fat provides 9 calories per gram: 8g x 9 = 72 calories.
- What is a complete protein?
a. One that contains no fat b. Contains all essential amino acids c. Made only from plants d. High in fiber Complete proteins have all 9 essential amino acids (e.g., eggs, meat, dairy).
- What is the best indicator of long-term nutritional status? a. Albumin level b. Prealbumin level c. Weight d. Hemoglobin Prealbumin reflects recent dietary intake and is a sensitive indicator of protein status.
- Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin K c. Vitamin B d. Vitamin D Vitamin B12 is water-soluble, unlike A, D, E, and K.
- What is a common sign of vitamin C deficiency?
a. Bread b. Cheese c. Bananas d. Eggs Bananas are a rich source of potassium, which helps regulate fluid balance and nerve function.
- How many calories are in 1 gram of carbohydrate? a. 2 b. 7 c. 4 d. 9 Carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram.
- What is the condition called when a person consumes insufficient protein over time? a. Scurvy b. Kwashiorkor c. Rickets d. Marasmus Kwashiorkor results from protein deficiency, typically with adequate caloric intake.
- What type of fat should be minimized to reduce cardiovascular risk?
a. Monounsaturated b. Trans fat c. Polyunsaturated d. Omega-3 fatty acids Trans fats raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL, increasing heart disease risk.
- What is the most accurate method to assess hydration status? a. Skin turgor b. Weight c. Urine output and color d. Thirst Urine output and color are sensitive and practical indicators of hydration.
- Which vitamin helps with blood clotting? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin K d. Vitamin D Vitamin K is required for synthesis of clotting factors.
- Which food should be avoided on a low-sodium diet? a. Apples b. Oatmeal
Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions that convert food into usable energy.
- Which macronutrient helps in hormone production and cell structure? a. Protein b. Carbohydrate c. Fat d. Water Fats are crucial for hormone synthesis and cellular membranes.
- What does the term “essential nutrient” mean? a. Found only in animal products b. Must be obtained through the diet c. Can be synthesized by the body d. Not necessary for life Essential nutrients cannot be made by the body and must be consumed.
- Which deficiency causes night blindness? a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin A c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin E
Vitamin A is necessary for healthy vision and low levels can lead to night blindness.
- Which of the following foods is most likely to cause foodborne illness? a. Baked potato b. Bread c. Raw eggs d. Canned beans Raw or undercooked eggs can harbor Salmonella, a common cause of foodborne illness.
- The term "empty calories" refers to: a. Low-calorie foods b. Foods with calories but few nutrients c. Water and fiber d. Vitamins and minerals Empty calories provide energy but little or no nutritional value (e.g., soda).
- Which vitamin helps in iron absorption? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin K c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D
Obesity results from sustained caloric intake exceeding energy expenditure.
- Which population requires the most calories per kilogram? a. Elderly b. Teenagers c. Infants d. Adults Infants require the highest calories per kg due to rapid growth.
- Which is a nutrient-dense food? a. Candy b. Spinach c. White bread d. Soda Spinach is rich in vitamins and minerals with low calories.
- The best way to prevent foodborne illness is: a. Eat more raw foods b. Use herbs c. Practice proper hand hygiene d. Use more salt Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of food safety.
- What is the role of fiber in the diet?
a. Increases blood pressure b. Increases calorie intake c. Promotes bowel regularity d. Causes constipation Fiber adds bulk to stool, promoting bowel regularity and preventing constipation.
- Which food allergy is most common in children? a. Corn b. Beef c. Peanuts d. Fish Peanut allergy is one of the most common and severe allergies in children.
- What is the healthy waist circumference limit for women? a. 25 inches b. 30 inches c. Less than 35 inches d. 40 inches Waist circumference under 35 inches for women indicates lower risk of chronic disease.
- What type of diet helps lower LDL cholesterol?
c. No limit d. Less than 25% of total calories Dietary guidelines suggest limiting added sugar to less than 10% of daily calories.
- What is the effect of excess sodium intake? a. Dehydration b. Diarrhea c. High blood pressure d. Fatigue High sodium intake is linked to hypertension and cardiovascular risk.
- Which type of vegetarian avoids all animal products? a. Ovo-lacto vegetarian b. Pescatarian c. Vegan d. Flexitarian Vegans avoid meat, dairy, eggs, and any animal-derived products.
- What is the best indicator of recent dietary intake? a. Weight gain b. Albumin c. Prealbumin d. BMI
Prealbumin has a short half-life and reflects acute changes in nutrition.
- What is the term for a diet containing all essential nutrients? a. Low-carb diet b. Balanced diet c. Detox diet d. Fasting diet A balanced diet includes proper proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
- Which vitamin deficiency is associated with rickets in children? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin E Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone mineralization; its deficiency leads to rickets.
- What dietary source provides the highest amount of Vitamin B12? a. Broccoli b. Beef liver
c. Neutralize free radicals d. Increase appetite Antioxidants protect cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals.
- Which hormone increases hunger? a. Leptin b. Ghrelin c. Insulin d. Estrogen Ghrelin is the "hunger hormone" that signals the brain to stimulate appetite.
- Which nutrient is primarily absorbed in the stomach? a. Protein b. Alcohol c. Fiber d. Glucose Alcohol is rapidly absorbed in the stomach, unlike most nutrients absorbed in the small intestine.
- What is the primary source of cholesterol in the diet? a. Vegetables b. Animal products
c. Whole grains d. Legumes Cholesterol is found only in animal-based foods like meat, eggs, and dairy.
- What is a sign of dehydration? a. Clear urine b. Dry mucous membranes c. Sweating d. Rapid weight gain Dry mucous membranes indicate fluid deficit and dehydration.
- Which nutrient deficiency causes pellagra? a. Thiamine b. Niacin (Vitamin B3) c. Riboflavin d. Folate Pellagra is caused by a deficiency in niacin and presents with dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.
- Which food should be avoided for a patient on a renal diet? a. Apples b. Canned tomatoes c. White rice d. Chicken breast
