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NSG 1800 NUTRITION AND WELLNESS
MIDTERM EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
PLUS RATIONALES 2025 GALEN COLLEGE
OF NURSING
- What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body? A. Build muscle B. Regulate hormones C. Provide energy D. Store vitamins Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy, especially for brain and muscle function.
- Which nutrient is essential for tissue growth and repair? A. Carbohydrates B. Fats C. Proteins
D. Vitamins Proteins provide the amino acids necessary for the repair and growth of tissues.
- Which vitamin is most associated with vision health? A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin E Vitamin A is crucial for maintaining healthy vision and preventing night blindness.
- Which mineral is important for oxygen transport in the blood? A. Calcium B. Sodium C. Iron D. Potassium Iron is a component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells.
- Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin E
- Which vitamin helps in blood clotting? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin K D. Vitamin E Vitamin K is essential for synthesizing proteins required for blood clotting.
- Which is a symptom of dehydration? A. Increased appetite B. Dry mouth C. Weight gain D. High urine output Dry mouth is an early sign of dehydration, along with thirst and dark urine.
- Which population group has the highest iron requirement? A. Men over 50 B. Pregnant women C. Teen boys D. Postmenopausal women Pregnant women need more iron to support fetal development and increased blood volume.
- A BMI of 28 indicates: A. Underweight
B. Normal weight C. Overweight D. Obesity A BMI between 25 and 29.9 is classified as overweight.
- Which of the following foods is highest in saturated fat? A. Olive oil B. Avocado C. Butter D. Nuts Butter is high in saturated fat, which can raise LDL cholesterol levels.
- Which of the following best describes a complete protein? A. Contains only plant-based amino acids B. Contains all essential amino acids C. Contains carbohydrates D. Lacks lysine Complete proteins provide all nine essential amino acids needed by the body.
- Which of these is a simple carbohydrate? A. Whole grain bread B. Brown rice C. Table sugar D. Lentils
- Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels? A. Estrogen B. Thyroxine C. Insulin D. Cortisol Insulin helps lower blood glucose by facilitating its uptake into cells.
- Which mineral supports bone strength and muscle function? A. Iron B. Zinc C. Calcium D. Sodium Calcium is essential for bone development and muscle contractions.
- Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin in response to sunlight? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin K Vitamin D is produced by the skin when exposed to UV rays from sunlight.
- Which nutrient helps form enzymes and supports immune function? A. Iron B. Potassium
C. Zinc D. Sodium Zinc is essential for enzyme activity and immune system support.
- What is the acceptable range for normal fasting blood glucose? A. 40–60 mg/dL B. 70–99 mg/dL C. 120–160 mg/dL D. 180–200 mg/dL A fasting blood glucose level between 70–99 mg/dL is considered normal.
- What is the main function of the small intestine in digestion? A. Mechanical digestion B. Storage of food C. Nutrient absorption D. Water absorption The small intestine is the primary site for absorbing nutrients from food.
- What type of diet is recommended for hypertension? A. Low carb B. DASH diet C. High protein D. Mediterranean
B. Calcium C. Vitamin C D. Zinc Dairy products are rich in calcium, which is vital for bone health.
- What is the term for loss of appetite? A. Dysphagia B. Anorexia C. Cachexia D. Polyphagia Anorexia is the medical term for a loss of appetite, not to be confused with anorexia nervosa.
- A food allergy involves which body system? A. Skeletal B. Immune C. Respiratory D. Muscular Food allergies trigger an immune response, often involving antibodies like IgE.
- What is a common symptom of lactose intolerance? A. Bloating B. Headache C. Fever D. Rash
Lactose intolerance can lead to bloating, gas, and diarrhea due to inability to digest lactose.
- Which food is rich in omega-3 fatty acids? A. Cheese B. Chicken breast C. Salmon D. Pasta Salmon and other fatty fish are excellent sources of omega-3s, which support heart health.
- What percentage of the body is water in a healthy adult? A. 20% B. 35% C. 60% D. 80% Water makes up about 60% of an average adult's body weight.
- Which dietary component helps regulate body temperature? A. Water B. Fat C. Protein D. Fiber Water helps regulate body temperature through sweating and heat distribution.
B. Promote balanced eating C. Avoid carbohydrates D. Recommend supplements MyPlate encourages balanced meals with appropriate portions of food groups.
- Which vitamin deficiency causes rickets? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin A D. Vitamin B Rickets is caused by Vitamin D deficiency, leading to soft and weak bones in children.
- What is the function of HDL cholesterol? A. Causes heart disease B. Stores energy C. Removes excess cholesterol D. Produces insulin HDL (high-density lipoprotein) helps transport cholesterol away from arteries to the liver.
- Which of the following foods is best for a person with celiac disease? A. Whole wheat bread B. Rice
C. Barley D. Rye crackers People with celiac disease must avoid gluten, and rice is naturally gluten-free.
- What nutrient is essential during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects? A. Iron B. Calcium C. Folate (Folic acid) D. Protein Folate is crucial for fetal neural development and should be taken preconception and during early pregnancy.
- What is the recommended daily fluid intake for an average adult? A. 2 cups B. 1 liter C. 2-3 liters D. 5 liters Most adults need about 2–3 liters of water daily depending on activity and environment.
- Which diet is most associated with reduced cardiovascular disease? A. Ketogenic
Vitamin D helps increase calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
- What is a symptom of protein-energy malnutrition? A. Hypertension B. Jaundice C. Muscle wasting D. Bradycardia Insufficient protein and calorie intake can lead to loss of muscle mass and strength.
- Which condition is linked with excess alcohol consumption? A. Scurvy B. Osteoarthritis C. Liver cirrhosis D. Hypothyroidism Excessive alcohol intake damages liver cells, potentially leading to cirrhosis.
- Which of the following best describes a micronutrient? A. Protein B. Carbohydrate C. Vitamin D. Fat
Micronutrients like vitamins and minerals are needed in small amounts but are essential for health.
- What does a high-sodium diet increase the risk of? A. Anemia B. Hypoglycemia C. Hypertension D. Hyperthyroidism Excess sodium intake can lead to elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular complications.
- Which of the following is an example of an incomplete protein? A. Peanut butter B. Chicken C. Eggs D. Fish Incomplete proteins, like peanut butter, lack one or more essential amino acids.
- A vegan is at greatest risk of deficiency in which nutrient? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin B C. Vitamin A D. Vitamin E Vitamin B12 is found naturally only in animal products, making deficiency a concern for vegans.
- Which electrolyte is primarily found inside the cell? A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Chloride D. Calcium Potassium is the major intracellular electrolyte involved in nerve and muscle function.
- What does the term “essential nutrient” mean? A. It’s used for energy B. It must be obtained through diet C. It’s stored in the body D. It causes toxicity Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized by the body and must be consumed through food.
- Which vitamin helps improve iron absorption? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin E Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plant sources.
- What is the primary site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?
A. Stomach B. Small intestine C. Large intestine D. Pancreas The small intestine has structures like villi and microvilli to maximize nutrient absorption.
- What hormone stimulates hunger? A. Leptin B. Ghrelin C. Insulin D. Cortisol Ghrelin is produced by the stomach and signals the brain to stimulate appetite.
- Which of the following nutrients provides structural components for cells and tissues? A. Carbohydrates B. Vitamins C. Proteins D. Water Proteins provide amino acids needed to build and repair tissues.
- What dietary component is most effective in lowering LDL cholesterol? A. Trans fat
