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NSG 1800 NUTRITION AND WELLNESS MIDTERM PRACTICE EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES 2025 GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
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1. Which nutrient is the primary source of energy for the body? A. Protein B. Carbohydrates C. Fats D. Vitamins Carbohydrates are the body’s preferred source of energy, especially for brain and muscle function during activity. 2. What is the recommended percentage of total daily calories from fat for a healthy adult? A. 10-15%
Current dietary guidelines recommend 20-35% of total daily calories come from fats, with a focus on healthy unsaturated fats.
3. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the body? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin K C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin A Vitamin D helps regulate and enhance calcium absorption from the intestine. 4. Which of the following foods is highest in saturated fat? A. Avocado B. Olive oil C. Butter D. Almonds Butter contains high levels of saturated fat, which can increase LDL cholesterol levels. 5. A patient is on a low-sodium diet. Which food should the nurse recommend avoiding? A. Fresh fruit B. Canned soup
Lactose intolerance involves difficulty digesting lactose, found in dairy like whole milk.
9. Which vitamin deficiency can lead to scurvy? A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin A D. Vitamin B Scurvy results from a severe vitamin C deficiency, leading to bleeding gums, weakness, and poor wound healing. 10. Which macronutrient is essential for tissue growth and repair? A. Carbohydrates B. Fats C. Proteins D. Water Proteins provide amino acids needed for the growth and repair of tissues. 11. Which of the following is a complete protein? A. Peanut butter B. Eggs C. Rice D. Lentils Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids; eggs are a high- quality complete protein.
12. What nutrient is essential to maintain fluid balance in the body? A. Iron B. Calcium C. Sodium D. Phosphorus Sodium helps regulate fluid balance by controlling water distribution between body compartments. 13. What is the BMI range for a person who is considered overweight? A. 18.5–24. B. 25–29. C. 30–34. D. Over 35 A BMI between 25 and 29.9 is classified as overweight. 14. A vegan diet may lack which vitamin? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin B D. Vitamin K Vitamin B12 is found almost exclusively in animal products and must be supplemented in vegan diets. 15. Which condition is associated with excessive alcohol intake affecting nutritional status? A. Scurvy
Bananas are well known for their high potassium content, important for heart and muscle function.
19. What dietary intervention is recommended for hypertension? A. High-protein diet B. Ketogenic diet C. DASH diet D. Low-fiber diet The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet lowers blood pressure with foods rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium. 20. What condition results from a severe protein deficiency in children? A. Marasmus B. Kwashiorkor C. Rickets D. Goiter Kwashiorkor is characterized by edema, irritability, and liver enlargement due to protein deficiency. 21. What is a healthy waist circumference for women to reduce chronic disease risk? A. Under 40 inches B. Under 35 inches C. Under 30 inches D. Under 25 inches
Women should aim for a waist circumference less than 35 inches to reduce cardiovascular and diabetes risk.
22. What is the minimum amount of physical activity recommended for adults per week? A. 60 minutes B. 150 minutes C. 90 minutes D. 120 minutes 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week is the general recommendation. 23. Which population is most at risk for dehydration? A. Adolescents B. Middle-aged adults C. Older adults D. Pregnant women Older adults have reduced thirst perception and kidney function, increasing dehydration risk. 24. Which of the following best describes MyPlate guidelines? A. Avoid carbohydrates B. Balance food groups on a plate C. Emphasize animal protein D. Limit water intake
The small intestine is the primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients.
28. Which nutrient is essential for proper thyroid function? A. Iron B. Zinc C. Iodine D. Vitamin D Iodine is needed for synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism. 29. What type of fat is considered the healthiest? A. Trans fat B. Saturated fat C. Monounsaturated fat D. Hydrogenated fat Monounsaturated fats, like those in olive oil and avocados, can help reduce LDL cholesterol. 30. What is a common symptom of vitamin D deficiency? A. Night blindness B. Bone pain or weakness C. Scurvy D. Cracks at the corner of the mouth Vitamin D deficiency can lead to osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children.
31. Which food would best enhance iron absorption from a plant-based source? A. Milk B. Tea C. Orange juice D. Cheese Vitamin C from orange juice enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plants. 32. A nurse is counseling a patient with celiac disease. Which food should be avoided? A. Rice B. Wheat bread C. Quinoa D. Corn Wheat contains gluten, which must be avoided in individuals with celiac disease. 33. Which condition is caused by niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency? A. Beriberi B. Scurvy C. Pellagra D. Rickets Pellagra is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia due to niacin deficiency.
B. Promote weight loss C. Reduce bowel movements D. Increase fiber A low-residue diet is used to minimize bowel volume in conditions like Crohn’s or pre-op GI surgery.
38. Which of the following would be best for someone on a renal diet? A. Bananas B. Apples C. Oranges D. Tomatoes Apples are low in potassium and phosphorus, making them suitable for renal diets. 39. What is the main role of folic acid during fetal development? A. Develop bone B. Prevent neural tube defects C. Increase birth weight D. Regulate blood sugar Folic acid helps prevent birth defects of the brain and spine during early pregnancy. 40. What food item is rich in omega-3 fatty acids? A. Chicken breast B. White bread C. Salmon
D. Whole milk Salmon is high in omega-3s, which help reduce inflammation and support heart health.
41. A patient asks how to reduce LDL cholesterol. Which food should the nurse suggest increasing? A. Butter B. Oatmeal C. Red meat D. Cream Oatmeal contains soluble fiber, which helps reduce LDL (bad) cholesterol levels. 42. Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine? A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin K D. Vitamin A Vitamin K is produced in small amounts by gut bacteria and is important for blood clotting. 43. What is the primary source of dietary calcium for most individuals? A. Meat B. Dairy products C. Leafy greens
47. Which vitamin deficiency can result from long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin B D. Vitamin C PPIs can reduce stomach acid, impairing absorption of vitamin B12. 48. What is the best source of vitamin C? A. Whole milk B. Red bell pepper C. White rice D. Tuna Red bell peppers are among the richest sources of vitamin C. 49. What food is most appropriate for a patient with dumping syndrome? A. Sugary cereal B. Ice cream C. Lean chicken and rice D. Fruit juice Small, low-sugar meals like chicken and rice help prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome. 50. A deficiency in calcium can result in which condition? A. Goiter B. Osteoporosis
C. Pellagra D. Night blindness Calcium is crucial for bone health; a deficiency can lead to brittle bones and osteoporosis.
51. What is the purpose of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)? A. Estimate fat loss B. Measure energy used at rest C. Count calories burned during activity D. Calculate cholesterol BMR measures the amount of energy your body uses at rest for basic functions. 52. Which dietary component can help lower blood pressure? A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Caffeine D. Saturated fat Potassium helps counteract the effects of sodium and reduces blood pressure. 53. What is the major function of antioxidants in the body? A. Store fat B. Protect cells from damage C. Build protein D. Increase sodium levels
57. What is the most important nutrient for wound healing? A. Calcium B. Protein C. Potassium D. Fiber Protein provides the amino acids needed for tissue repair and healing. 58. Which patient is at highest nutritional risk? A. 25-year-old athlete B. Pregnant teen C. Elderly patient with dementia D. Middle-aged woman with BMI of 24 Elderly patients with cognitive impairment often have reduced appetite and intake. 59. Which nutrient is a major component of enzymes and immune function? A. Iodine B. Zinc C. Magnesium D. Niacin Zinc plays a critical role in wound healing, immune response, and enzyme activity. 60. What condition results from excessive vitamin A intake? A. Rickets
B. Pellagra C. Toxicity symptoms such as headache, liver damage D. Anemia Too much vitamin A can be toxic, causing liver damage and other symptoms.
61. Which meal best represents a high-fiber, heart-healthy diet? A. Fried chicken and white bread B. Grilled salmon, brown rice, steamed broccoli C. Cheeseburger and fries D. Ham sandwich and chips Whole grains, vegetables, and lean proteins contribute to a heart-healthy diet. 62. What is the best way to assess a patient's nutritional intake? A. Blood test B. Weight C. 24-hour dietary recall D. Skin turgor A 24-hour recall gives detailed insight into food consumption patterns. 63. Which intervention can help a patient with difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)? A. Encourage thin liquids B. Offer thickened fluids C. Provide dry toast
